• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2017

In this study, a system that precisely determines the heave of ship hull was designed using time-differenced GNSS carrier phase measurement, and the performance was examined. First, a technique that calculates precise position relative to the original position based on TDCP measurement for point positioning using only one receiver was implemented. Second, to eliminate the long-cycle drift error occurring due to the measurement error that has not been completely removed by time-differencing, an easily implementable high-pass filter was designed, and the optimum coefficient was determined through an experiment. In a static experiment based on the precise heave measurement system implemented using low-cost commercial GNSS receiver and PC, the heave could be measured with a precision of 2 cm standard deviation. In addition, in a dynamic experiment where it moved up and down with an amplitude of 48 cm and a cycle of 20 seconds, precise heave without drift error could be determined. The system proposed in this study can be easily used for many applications, such as the altitude correction of fish detection radar.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2014

Time synchronization system using dual frequency bands is designed and the error sources are analyzed for alternative synchronized-pseudolite navigation system (S-PNS) which aims at military application. To resolve near/far problem, dual frequency band operation is proposed instead of pulsing transmission which degrades level of reception. In dual frequency operation H/W delay should be considered to eliminate errors caused by inter-frequency bias (IFB) difference between the receivers of the pseudolites and users. When time synchronization is performed across the sea, multipath error is occurred severely since the elevation angle between pseudolites is low so total reflection can be happened. To investigate the difference of multipath effects according to location, pseudolites are set up coastal area and land area and performances are compared. The error source related with tropospheric delay is becoming dominant source as the coverage of the PNS is broadening. The tropospheric delay is measured by master pseudolite receiver directly using own pseudorange and slave pseudorange. Flight test is performed near coastal area using S-PNS equipped with developed time synchronization system and test results are also presented.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2018

Existing radio positioning systems have a drawback that the attitude of user's tag is difficult to be determined. Although forward link angle of arrival (FLAOA) technology that uses measurements of array antenna arranged in a tag among the angle of arrival (AOA) technologies can estimate attitude and positioning of tags, it cannot extend the estimated results into three-dimensional (3D) results due to complex non-linear model displayed because of the effects of 3D positioning and attitude in tags. This paper proposed a radio navigation technique that determines 3D attitude and positioning via FLAOA / time of arrival (TOA) integration. According to the order of determining attitude and positioning, two integration techniques were proposed. To analyze the performance of the proposed technique, MATLAB-based simulations were used to verify the performance. The simulation results showed that the first proposed method, TOA-FLAOA integrated technique, showed about 0.15 m of positioning error, and $2-3^{\circ}$ of attitude error performances regardless of the positioning space size whereas the second method, differenced FLAOA-TOA integrated technique, revealed a problem that a positioning error became larger as the size of the positioning space became larger.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.379-389
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• 2023

According to the Korea Urban Air Mobility (K-UAM) Concept of Operation (ConOps), the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is recommended as the primary navigation system and the performance specification will be implemented considering the standard of Performance Based Navigation (PBN). However, by taking into account the characteristics of an urban environment and the concurrent operations of multiple UAM aircraft, the current PBN standards for civil aviation seem difficult to be directly applied to an UAM aircraft. Therefore, by referring to technical documents published in the literature, this paper examines the feasibility of applying the proposed performance requirements to K-UAM, which follows the recommendation of navigation performance requirements for K-UAM. In accordance with the UAM ConOps, the UAM aircraft is anticipated to maintain low altitude during approach and landing phases. Subsequently, the navigation performance degradation could occur in the urban environment, and the primary degradation factor is identified as multipath error. For this reason, to ensure the safety and reliability of the K-UAM aircraft, it is necessary to analyze the degree of performance degradation related to the urban environment and then propose an alternative aid to enhance the navigation performance. To this end, the aim of this paper is to model the multipath effects of the GNSS in an urban environment and to carry out the simulation studies using the real GNSS datasets. Finally, the initial navigation performance requirement is proposed based on the results of the numerical simulation for the K-UAM.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2006

UWB(Ultra Wideband)를 이용한 시스템은 텔레메틱스의 주요기술인 무선 엑세스 기술로 Bluetooth와 함께 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 고속 데이터 통신이 가능한 UWB시스템은 시스템의 복잡도가 낮고 저렴한 가격으로 구현이 가능하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 현재 UWB 이외의 기술에 대한 타이밍 지터의 효과는 많이 분석되었으나, UWB 시스템에서는 아직 타이밍 지터에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지지 않았다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 Hermite 펄스를 사용하는 M진 UWB 시스템에 대한 타이밍 지터 효과를 이론적으로 분석하고, 성능을 모의실험을 통해 확인하였다. 이론적인 분석을 위해 직교 Hermite 펄스의 상관함수를 closed form으로 유도하였으며, 상관함수를 이용하여 M진 직교 Hermite 펄스 시스템의 심볼 에러 확률을 수학적으로 모델링 하였다. 또한 이 수학적 모델을 이용한 결과를 모의실험과 비교하였을 때 tightly upper bound 임을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2001

이동통신에서 다중경로에 의한 페이딩 현상은 시스템의 성능에 영향을 주는 큰 원인 중의 하나이다. 이런 페이딩 채널에서의 성능저하를 개선하기 위하여 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 채널 페이딩을 추정하여 보상하는 방식에서는 파일럿 심벌을 이용하는 PSAM(pilot symbol assisted modulation) 방식이 널리 이용되고 있으며 TCM(trellis-coded modulation)은 전송 대역폭의 증가 없이 철저한 부호화 이득을 얻을 수 있는 부호화와 변조 과정이 결합된 전송 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 주파수 비선택적 레일리 페이딩 채널에서 PSAM과 TCM을 사용하는 PSA-TC-8PSK의 성능을 분석하였다. 페이딩의 추정을 위한 보간 방법에는 오차의 분산을 최소화하는 Wiener 필터를 사용하였으며 필터의 탭수, 파일럿 심벌 주기, 도플러 주파수가 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 완전 디지털 방식의 구현이 가능한 심벌 타이밍 복구 회로를 구성하여 심벌 타이밍 에러가 전체 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

본 논문은 MHP 펄스의 직교성을 이용한 M진 초광대역(UWB) 시스템을 제안하고 시스템의 성능을 분석한다. 제안하는 M진 초광대역 시스템은 각 펄스 차수 간에 직교하는 특성을 가지는 MHP 펄스를 선형 결합하여 펄스진폭방식으로 데이터를 M진으로 전송한다. 제안하는 M진 초광대역 시스템의 성능을 분석하기 위해 MHP 펄스의 상관함수를 구하고, AWGN 환경과 타이밍 지터 환경에서 시스템의 성능을 분석한다. 제안하는 M진 초광대역 시스템은 기존의 M진 초광대역 시스템에 비해서 비트오류확률(BER)이 향상되며, 타이밍 지터에 강인하고 방사전력이 낮다는 특성을 가짐을 보인다. 제안하는 M진 초광대역 시스템에 에러코딩 기법이나 레이크 수신기를 결합하여 사용하면 시스템의 성능은 더욱 더 향상될 것이다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2015

Compact Network Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is a method that combines compact RTK and network RTK, and it can effectively reduce the time and spatial de-correlation errors. A network RTK user receives multiple correction information generated from reference stations that constitute a network, calculates correction information that is appropriate for one's own position through a proper combination method, and uses the information for the estimation of the position. This combination method is classified depending on the method for modeling the GPS error elements included in correction information, and the user position accuracy is affected by the accuracy of this modeling. Among the GPS error elements included in correction information, tropospheric delay is generally eliminated using a tropospheric model, and a combination method is then applied. In the case of a tropospheric model, the estimation accuracy varies depending on the meteorological condition, and thus eliminating the tropospheric delay of correction information using a tropospheric model is limited to a certain extent. In this study, correction information modeling accuracy performances were compared focusing on the Low-Order Surface Model (LSM), which models the GPS error elements included in correction information using a low-order surface, and a modified LSM method that considers tropospheric delay characteristics depending on altitude. Both of the two methods model GPS error elements in relation to altitude, but the second method reflects the characteristics of actual tropospheric delay depending on altitude. In this study, the final residual errors of user measurements were compared and analyzed using the correction information generated by the various methods mentioned above. For the performance comparison and analysis, various GPS actual measurement data were collected. The results indicated that the modified LSM method that considers actual tropospheric characteristics showed improved performance in terms of user measurement residual error and position domain residual error.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.215-228
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• 2023

The State Space Representation (SSR) method provides individual corrections for each Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) error components. This method can lead to less bandwidth for transmission and allows selective use of each correction. Precise Point Positioning (PPP) - Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is one of the carrier-based precise positioning techniques using SSR correction. This technique enables high-precision positioning with a fast convergence time by providing atmospheric correction as well as satellite orbit and clock correction. Currently, the positioning service that supports PPP-RTK technology is the Quazi-Zenith Satellite System Centimeter Level Augmentation System (QZSS CLAS) in Japan. A system that provides correction for each GNSS error component, such as QZSS CLAS, requires monitoring of each error component to provide reliable correction and integrity information to the user. In this study, we conducted an analysis of the performance of residual error bounding for each error component. To assess this performance, we utilized the correction and quality indicators provided by QZSS CLAS. Performance analyses included the range domain, dispersive part, non-dispersive part, and satellite orbit/clock part. The residual root mean square (RMS) of CLAS correction for the range domain approximated 0.0369 m, and the residual RMS for both dispersive and non-dispersive components is around 0.0363 m. It has also been confirmed that the residual errors are properly bounded by the integrity parameters. However, the satellite orbit and clock part have a larger residual of about 0.6508 m, and it was confirmed that this residual was not bounded by the integrity parameters. Users who rely solely on satellite orbit and clock correction, particularly maritime users, thus should exercise caution when utilizing QZSS CLAS.