• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding induced molting on the visceral organs and blood component profile in laying hens and designed to test 400 flocks of 60 week old Leghorn laying hens for 34 weeks. A total of four molting treatment methods by including the molted with customary molting by fasting method (c), feeding single diet of corn (T1), feeding single diet of wheat bran (T2) and feeding single diet of alfalfa meal (T3) were tested, and each treatment was repeated for 5 times, and 20 laying hens were randomly assigned in an cage for each repeat. As the result of the experiment, ovary was $2.03{\sim}6%$ and oviduct was $2.51{\sim}3.47%$ in visceral organs for body weight at pre-molting term, but there was no significant difference. At post-molting, no significant difference was found, ovary was $0.25{\sim}0.41%$, uterus of control, T1, T2 and T3 was 1.12%, 0.82%, 0.48% and 0.90%, respectively. T2 was significantly lower than control, T3 (p<0.05) at the 50% of egg production. Ovary was $2.20{\sim}2.60%$ and oviduct was $2.98{\sim}3.45%$. In addition, ovary was $2.65{\sim}3.01%$, oviduct was $3.23{\sim}3.64%$ at the peak egg production, but there was no significant difference by non-feeding and feeding molting treatments. In blood component profile, cholesterol was $179.8{\sim}245.7\;mg/dL$ at pre-molting, but there was no significant difference and at post-molting, concentration of cholestrol in control, T1, T2 and T3 was 353.6, 229.1, 261.8 and 300.6 mg/dL, respectively. T1 was significantly lower than control and T3 (p<0.05). In addition, first laying day was $228.1{\sim}271.8\;mg/dL$, 50% of egg production was $236.5{\sim}284.8\;mg/dL$, there was no significant difference. Concentration of cholestrol in control, T1, T2 and T3 was 324.1, 591.6, 363.0 and 315.6 mg/dL, respectively, at the peak egg production period. T1 was significantly higher than other treatment (p<0.05).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.187-196
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• 1982

The followings are the results of the study on industrial accidents occurred at 12 factories manufacturing metal products during the period of 2 years from January 1980 to December 1981 in the area of Yong-Dung-Po in Seoul. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The incidence rate of industrial injuries was 45.7 per 1,000 workers of the sample group and the rate of male (54.0) was three times higher than that of female (17.5). 2. In age groups, the highest rate was observed in the group of under 19 years old with 83.5, while the lowest in the group of 40s. 3. It was found that those who had short term of work experience produced a higher rate of injuries, particularly, the group of workers with less than 1 year of experience showed the highest rate of it as 48.1%. 4. In working time, the highest incidence rate occurred 3 and 7 hours after the beginning of their working showing the rate of 6.0 and 6.1 per 1,000 workers, respectively. 5. The highest incidence rate was observed on Monday as 8.4 per 1,000 workers, and it was 18.3% in aspect of the days of a week. 6. In aspect of the months of a year, the highest incidence was observed on July 1,000 workers and the next was on March as 4.8. These figures account for 11.8% of total occurrence in respective month. as 5. 4 per and 10.5% 7. In causes of injuries, the accident caused by power driven machinery showed the highest rate with 37.5%, the second was due to handling without machinery with 17.2%, and the third was due to falling objects with 14.2%, and striking against objects with 10.2%, and so on. 8. By parts of the body affected, the most injuries 84.3% of them occurred on both upper and lower extremities with the rate of 58.8% for the former and 25.5% for the latter. Fingers were most frequently injured with a rate of 40.3%. Comparing the sites of extremities affected, rate of injuries on the right side was 55.0% and 45.0% on the left side. 9. In the nature of injury, laceration and open wound were the highest with 34. 0%, the next was fracture and dislocation with 31. 9%, and sprain was the third with 8.1%. 10. On the duration of treatment, it lasted less than one month in 68.9% of the injured cases, of which 14.5% of the cases were recovered within 2 weeks, and 54.4% of them were treated more than 2 weeks. And the duration of the treatment tended to be prolonged in larger industries. 11. The ratio of insured accidents to uninsured accidents was 1 to 4.7.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.10
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• pp.5-50
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• 2006

The terminology "human body" simply means a physical body but also more often, as an object in art works, carries symbolic concepts incorporating the whole history of human lives. Human body has been employed as an artistic object capturing physical body, delivering artist's idea expressing life indicators from different standpoints of times and places. This point of view about human body in art works has in fact rather short history since 1960's when modern thinking paradigm focusing upon rationality and reasoning has begun declining and on the contrary when the body used to be the servant of the mind and soul for a long time has begun attracting artist's attention as a real entity from the viewpoint of dichotomy. During the 1960's, frequent performances in Pop art and of Fluxus showed that the human body has been an important media for artistic communication after importance of body performances had been raised in Action painting in 1940's. The human body became a more determined media in body art works that had got into stride after Yves Kline's conceptual works applying body and its traces. These kinds of art works have continued and consolidated into the Feminism came into blossom in 1980's and into fragmentated and disembodied body art trend in 1990's. Through development of trends in body works, human body now might well be regarded as a clue provide from individual identity with implication over the world. This thesis is to analyse in semiotic way main works of Kiki Smith who is a representative artist devoting to Feminism and proposing extended significance of human body. In the analysis process of works done by two great artists with histrorical background of art trend in order to find and open an significance horizon of human body, semiotics and bodism are therefore perceived as pertinent and applied as basic tools. The first stage of analysis is to get the significances emerged in between expression part and contextual parts, which are separated structually from the most basic level. The study deals with body works furthermore in the way of structual cohesion of the expression and the context from the view of A J. Greimas' Structural Semantics and tried to build up a basic frame for the extended significances of human body. This thesis is, on the other hand, to attempt to contribute for extension of disembodied and fragmentated body discussed in the structural semantic frame earlier by Julia Kriesteva who delivers abjection concepts and phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty who enables to overview relationship between the body and the world from the viewpoint of Bodism, further into interpretation level. The other works are Kiki smith's that showed epics about death in mid-1980's, detailed humbleness of vulnerable human body exposed to dichotomy and fragmentation in 1990's and religion and mythology incorporating wouln healing in 2000's and henceforth. Through the analysis of Kiki Smith's representative work 'Pee body', it is verified and confirmed that fragmentated body showed beyond boundary gap of the human body and ultimately tends to imply human healing owing to divine maternity. Bodily symbols in Kiki Smith's are extended to the universal world to imply human life and death on the one hand and religion and mythology of human wound and divine healing one the other hand. This thesis through these process and results of analysis is in a broad context, to emphasize that human body as objectified text has a key indicator role to understand world as well as semiotic extension in art works in late 20th century so that we might confirm bodily symbol as a cultural context constitutes a section of contemporary visual arts.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2002

A field survey and experiment was conducted from 1996 to 1998 to develop rational technology for turfgrass vegetation of runway side of Incheon International Airport on the reclaimed tidal land in Young-Jong Island. Backfill of the experimental site was finished on August 1995. The experimental site was 8 ha located in the middle of the construction place for the main parking lot in front of the terminal building construction. The experimental field was drained by main open ditch, and divided three main plots, no subsurface tile drain, subsurface tile drain spacing with 22.5m, and with 45 m, respectively. The 17 sub plots were designed to test the effect of soil covering with red earth loam by 5 cm and 20 cm depth, application of chemical compound fertilizers and livestock manures, dressing of artifical soils and hydrophylic soil conditioners. The tested turfgrasses were three transplanting indigenous turfgrasses, Zoysia koreana, Zoysia sinica and Zoysia japonica, and two hydroseeding mixed exotic turgrasses, cool type I(tall fescue 30%, kentucky blue grass 40%, perenial ryegrass 30%), and cool type II(tall fescue 40%, perenial ryegrass 20%, fine fescue 20%, alkaligrass 20%). The soil backfilled with dredged seasand was sand textured with high salt concentration and low fertility. The soil showed high pH, low organic matter and low available phophate contents. The percolation rate was fast with high hydraulic conductivity. Desalinization was fast after installation of the main open drainage system. No subsurface tile drainage effect was found showing little difference in turfgrass growth. The covering and visual growth of turfgrasses were the best in the 20-cm soil covering with compound fertilizer treatment. The covering and visual growth of turfgrasses were satisfactory in the 5 cm soil covering with compound fertilizer treatment and with livestock manure treatments. The hydrophillic soil conditioner treatments were effective but expensive at present. The coverage and visual quality of turfgrasses were good for Zoysia koreana and Zoysia japonica. The coverages of turfgrasses by the hydroseeding with the mixed exotic turfgrasses were less than transplanting of native turfgrasses. In conclusion, for the runway side vegetation purposes, the subsurface tile drainage might not necessary as main open ditch drainage be sufficient due to fast percolation rate of the backfilled dredged seasand. The 5 cm soil covering with red earth might be sufficient for the runway side, but the 20 cm soil covering might be necessary for the runway side where high density of turfgrass coverage was necessary to protect from the airplance air blow.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 1983

To study ecological characteristics of Cyperus serotinus occuring in Korea its propagules were collected from 6 locations from the northern part to the southern part of Korea (Chuncheon, Suweon, Iri, Jeonju, Gwangju, Milyang) in 1981, cultured and replanted 4 times (May 20, June 5, June 20, July 5) in 1982. They flowered from August 10 to August 29 in the plants planted on May 20 and from August 22 to September 4 in the plants planted on July 5. Plant height, number of tillers and top fresh weight were 85-100cm, 375-1,500 tillers/$m^2$ and 500-1,750g/$m^2$, respectively, when they were planted on May 20, and 58-67cm, 300-625 tillers/ $m^2$ and 125-250g/$m^2$, respectively, when they were planted on July S. Weight of seeds and number of rhizomes per plant were 20-50g/$m^2$ and 20.75-61, respectively, whey, they were planted on May 20, and 5-17.5g/$m^2$ and 51.5-80.25 when they were planted on July 5. Local collections showed. the same morphological characteristics at the level of species identification, but there existed variations among the local collections. Cyperus serotinus from Chuncheon and Suweon were longer in the length of inflorescence, than those from Gwangju and Milyang and rhizomes from Chuncheon and Suweon were thicker than the others. Each of local collections may be regarded as different ecotype based on the above mentioned differences in morphology, growth and flowering response to the planting date. The results appear to imply that Cyperus serotinus weeds occuring in various locations of Korea are different one another in competitive ability with rice crop.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.119-133
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• 2011

Sulfonylurea (SU)-resistant weeds include seven annual weeds such as Monochoria vaginalis, Scirpus juncoides and Cyperus difformis, etc., and three perennial weeds of Scirpus planiculmis, Sagittaria pigmaea and Eleocharis acicularis as of 2010 since identification Monochoria korsakowii in the reclaimed rice field in 1998. The Echinochloa oryzoides resistant to acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors has been confirmed in wet-direct seeding rice field of the southern province, Korea in 2009. In the beginning of occurrence of SU-resistant weeds the M. vaginalis, S. juncoides and C. difformis were rapidly and individually spreaded in different fields, however, theses resistant weeds have been occurring simultaneously in the same filed as time goes by. The resistant biotype by weed species demonstrated about 10- to 1,000-fold resistance, base on $GR_{50}$ (50% growth reduction) values of the SU herbicides tested. And the resistant biotype of E. oryzoides to cyhalofop-butyl, pyriminobac-methyl, and penoxsulam was about 14, 8, and 11 times more resistant than the susceptible biotype base on $GR_{50}$ values. In history of paddy herbicides in Korea, the introduction of SU herbicides including besulfuron-metyl and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl that control many troublesome weeds at low use rates and provide excellent crop safety gave farmers and many workers for herbicide business refreshing jolt. The products and applied area of SU-included herbicides have been rapidly increased, and have accounted for about 69% and 96%, respectively, in Korea. The top ten herbicides by applied area were composed of all SU-included herbicides by 2003. The concentrated and successive treatment of ACCase and ALS inhibitors for control of barnyardgrass in direct-seeded rice led up to the resistance of E. oryzoides. Also, SU-herbicides like pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and imazosulfuron which are effective to barnyardgrass can be bound up with the resistance of E. oryzoides. The ALS activity isolated from the resistant biotype of M. korsakowii to SU-herbicides tested was less sensitive than that of susceptible biotype. The concentration of herbicide required for 50% inhibition of ALS activity ($I_{50}$) of the SU-resistant M. korsakowii was 14- to 76-fold higher as compared to the susceptible biotype. No differences were observed in the rates of [$^{14}C$]bensulfuron uptake and translocation. ALS genes from M. vaginalis resistant and susceptible biotypes against SU-herbicides revealed a single amino acid substitution of proline (CCT), at 197th position based on the M. korsakowii ALS sequence numbering, to serin (TCT) in conserved domain A of the gene. Carfentrazone-ethyl and pyrazolate were used mainly to control SU-resistant M. vaginalis by 2006, the early period, in Korea. However, the alternative herbicides such as benzobicyclone, to be possible to control simultaneously the several resistant weeds, have been developing and using broadly because the several resistant weeds have been occurring simultaneously in the same filed. The top ten herbicides by applied area in Korea have been occupied by products of 3-way mixture type including herbicides with alternative mode of action for the herbicide resistant weeds. Mefenacet, fentrazamide and cafenstrole had excellent controlling effects on the ACCase and ALS inhibitors resistant when they were applied within 2 leaf stage.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.68-87
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• 1982

In Korea, this is the situation at moment that the total demand of timber in 1972 is more than 5 million cubic meters. On the other hand, however, the available domestic supply of timber at the same year is only about, 1 million cubic meters. A great unbalancing between demand and supply of timber has been prevailing. To solve this hard problem, it has been necessitiated to build up the forest stocks as early as possible with fast grown species such as poplar. Under circumstances, poplar plantations which have been carryed on government and private have reached to large area of 116,603 hectors from 1962 up to date. It has now be come a principal timber resources in this country, and required the basic study on various properties of wood for it's proper utilization, since it has not been made of any systematic study on the properties of Populus grown in Korea. In order to investigate the properties such as anatomical, physical and mechanical properties of nine different species (P. euramericana Guiner I-214. P. euramericana Guiner I-476, P. deltoides Marsh, P. nigra var. italica (Muchk) Koeme, P. alba L.,P. alba $\times$ glandulosa P. maximowiczii Henry, P. koreana Rehder, P. davidiana Dode) of poplar for their proper use and development of new ways of grading processing and quality improving, this study has been made by the Forest Research Institute.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.200-211
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• 1993

Somatic hybrids of Pleurotus florida ASI 2016 and Pleurotus ostreatus ASI 2018 were obtained by protoplast fusion. The 40 fusants($P1{\sim}P40$) was examined for the yield on fermented and pasteurized rice straw in a tray. The carpophore yield of them were showed as the range of $27.0{\sim}155.2$, based on parental values of 100(ASI 2018), The pilei of fusants between orange white colored P. florida and dark grey colored P. ostreatus had mixed colors in the young stage. Other breeding programmes were performed to improve new varieties with high yield and good quality. A new oyster mushroom variety, Wonhyeongneutaribeosus(P72), was developed at the Agricultural Sciences Institute, Rural Development Administration in 1990. This P.florida-ostreatus-ostreatus hybrid P72 was selected from 38 protoplast fusion products($P41{\sim}P78$) between P.florida-ostreatus recombinant P5-M 43-arg rib and P. ostreatus ASI 2-13-0 2001-19-pro orn. The yield indexes of 38 hybrids ranged $40.5{\sim}152.7$ compared with the parental values of 100(ASI 2001). Hybrid P72 was characterized by the large fruiting bundle of semispherical shape with long stipe and by the small and circular pileus, resulting in lower harvesting cost. A significant increase in carpophore production was observed in somatic hybrids of protoplasts due to heterosis. A comparision of hybrid with parents P72 was made using isozyme analysis. The esterase banding patterns could be characterized by new bands in the hybrids. Seven fusion products of four crosses between P.florida ASI 2016 and P. ostreatus ASI 2018 were analysed with respect to the distribution of progenies and segregation of gene markers by random basidiospore analysis. Segregation of alleles should yield progeny of four genotypes in a Mendelian ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 for prototrophs, auxotrophs of one parental type, auxotrophs of the other parental type, and auxotrophic recombinants, respectively. However, five fusants of them did not detect one parental, P.ostreatus, type. Basidiospores could yield progeny of 16 genotypes in the cross of one of the recombinant P5-M43-arg $rib{\times}P. ostreatus$ ASI 2-13-pro orn but the segregants of three fusants were not detected clearly. The allele ratio of loci could be expected 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 for arg, rib, pro and orn. The ratio, however, would be changed to 4 : 1 : 1 : 1 with increasing proportion of argo In almost all the fusants, prototrophic recombinants were recovered in large numbers against auxotrophic markers. Parental genotypes were recovered with the recombinant progeny amounting to $38.68{\sim}99.56%$. The analysis provides proof of heterokaryosis and strong evidence for haploidy of vegetative nuclei, a sexual cycle consisting of nuclear fusion and meiosis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.4
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• pp.33-42
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• 1963

1. Two fermentation methods have been compared for the production of Takju (Korean native Sake). One method (S1) uses 'Nuruk' (Korean mold wheat) and the other method (S2) uses 'Nuruk' and mold rice. The chemical analysis of source material, also, have been made in order the check the quantitative changes during the fermentation. The results are summarized below: a. The rate of fermentation was slower for the S2 method than for the S1 method. However, the residual sugar in the S2 method was smaller and the amount of alcohol produced the same as with the S1 method. This was true in spite of the fact that the total initial sugar content for the S2 method was 10 percent below that of S1. b. With both the S1 and S2 methods, 80 percent of the total alcohol production was obtained with in 3 to 4 days. c. The pH value of the base material at the beginning of fermentation was markedly different between the two methods I.e.6.0 to 6.2 for S1 and 4.8 to 5.2 for S2. However, after one or two day the pH of both materials was about the same 4.0 to 4.2 and remained at this value unit the fermentation was complete. 2. Organic acids and Sugars in the source materials have been detected by the paper partition chromatography(p.p.c.) method and the followings are obtained. a. Important Organic acids are Fumalic, malic Succinic, Citric, Acetic aicds in polished rice and Fumalic, Succinic, Acetic, Citric, Malic and Oxalic acids 'Nuruk'. The same kinds of acids as in the rice are found in mold rice, However, amount of Citrice acid is markedly increased in mold rice. b. The important Sugar, Glucose, Fructose and Raffinose in polished rice, Gulcose, Fructo, se, Xylose and one which supposed to be Kojibjose in 'Nuruk'. Glucose and those supposed to be Isomaltose, Kojibiose and Sakebiose and found in rice mold, however, no Sucrose, which was exist in polished rice, was found. 3. The important Organic acids found in fermenting mash using the p.p.c. method were Lactic, Succinic and Acetic. Citric acid identified early in the fermentation, S2 method. remained throughout. However, with the S1 method Cirtic acid was detected only during the late stage of fermentation. Sugars not found in the original materials were two which supposed to be Isomaltotriose and Pentose. Maltose found at the beginning of the fermentation disappeared within one day, Isomaltose was detected throughout the period of fermentation. 4. The Somogyi method which was employed to determine the quantitative changes of sugars in the orginal meterial and mach, showed that polished rice containes in order and in largest amounts Sucrose, Glucose, Raffinose and Fructose. 'Nuruk' contained almost equal quantities of Glucose and Fructose. However, the Glucose content of the mold rice exceeded that originally in the polished rice by 25 or 30 times. Only a small quantity of free sugars was found in the mash at the end of the fermentation.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.7-19
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• 1985

The genetic variances and combinding ability of some useful characters were analyzd on sixty four combinations in the 8$\times$8 diallel cross using the four Japanese races(Jam 107, Jam 113, Jam 117 and Jam 119) and the four Chinese races(Jam 108, Jam 114, Jam 118 and Jam 120). The eight quantitative characters were the total larval stage period(TP), the fifth larval instar period(FP), the female cocoon total weight(FW), the male cocoon total weight(MW), the female cocoon layer weight(FL), the male cocoon layer weight(ML), the female cocoon layer ratio(FR), and the male cocoon layer ratio(MR). The results were as follows: The analysis of the genetic variance and the combining ability in the TP and the FP. In TP and FP, h2N was less than h2B. The GCA, SCA and RCA were at a high significant level. Hl/D and (Hl/D)1/2 ere large. The heterosis were small minus. E and D were large. The r was in the positive direction, because the recessive genes were mainly expressed as a short rearing periods. The regressions of the characters were passed below 0 point, because the characters in the TP and the FP were appeared overdominant. The order of the dominance in the TP of the parents were in the order of Jam 119>Jam 113>Jam 117>Jam 108>Jam 120>Jam 114>Jam 107>Jam 118, and that in the FP of the parents were followed in the orders of Jam 117>Jam 113>Jam 108>Jam 114>Jam 119>Jam 107>Jam 120>Jam 118. The analysis of the genetic variance and the combining ability of the FW and the MW. In the FW and the Mw, h2N was less the h2B. The GCA and SCA were large but RCA was little. Hl/D and (Hl/D)1/2 in the parents were large. Heterosis was large. E was appeared large in the FW, and small in the MW. D was small. The r was of the minus direction, because the dominance genes were less expressed. The regression of the these characters were padded below 0 point, because the characters in FW and MW were appeared overdominant. The orders of the dominance in the FW of the parents were as the order of Jam 107>Jam 108>Jam 119>Jam 113>Jam 114>Jam 120>Jam 117>Jam 118, and in the MW of them in the order of Jam 114>Jam 120>Jam 108>Jam 113>Jam 107>Jam 119>Jam 117>Jam 118. The analysis of the genetic variance and the combining ability of the FL and ML. In the FL and the ML, h2N was less than h2B. GCA and SCA were large. RCA was little. Hl/D and (Hl/D)1/2 ere large. Heterosis was large. The r was in the negative direction, because the dominance genes were less expressed. The regression of the characters of FL and ML were appeared overdominant. The dominance in the FL of parents ere in the order of Jam 120>Jam 114>Jam 119>Jam 119>Jam 118>Jam 107>Jam 117>Jam 113, and the ML of them in the order of Jam 114>Jam 108>Jam 120>Jam 117>Jam 118>Jam 107>Jam 119>Jam 113. The analysis of the genetic variance and combining ability of the FR and the MR. In the FR and the Mr, h2N was less than h2B. GCA was large. The SCA and RCA were little. In the FW, Hl/D was large but (Hl/D)1/2 was a little. In MR, Hl/D and (Hl/D)1/2 both were a littel. Heterosis was a little. E in the FR was in the negative direction, because the dominance genes were less expressed but that in the MR was the positive direction because the recessive genes were mainly expressed. The order of the dominance in the FR of the parents were in the order of Jam 117>Jam 114>Jam 108>Jam 120>Jam 118>Jam 119>Jam 107>Jam 113 and that in the MR these were in the order of Jam 114>Jam 117>Jam 108>Jam 118>Jam 107>Jam 119>Jam 120.