• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.100-112
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• 1991

Software system is a hierarchical structure with collection of program units. Software system can import external packages globally or locally depending on the usage within a system. If the imported package is used globally, the soft-ware system can be influenced globally by any change of package and programmer's debugging time for the program maintenance will be greater. To solve these problems, it is desirable to use the imported package locally right on the usage point within the system. The model presented in this paper analyzed entity usage of package in structure of program, identified the usage level to obtain localization and provided information for restructure of the program to localize package usage. To obtain localization, it identified declared entities inside the imported package and analyzed the specification and body part of program unit to identify entities referenced from the imported package. The proposed model can be used to improve the maintainability of software system and contributed to reduction of programmer's debugging time in program maintenance.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.696-699
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• 2004

Generally, the time history analysis among seismic response analyses of a structure needs more times than static analysis. Therefore the mechanical model of a structure has been used as a simple lumped parameter model in time history analysis. For the most cases, the simple mechanical model shows the similar results to that of detailed finite element model. so it is reasonable to use the simple mode] in preliminary analysis. In seismic design of liquid storage tank, such as LNG storage tank, the lumped parameter mode] also is being used in preliminary analysis, however sometimes shows the differences to the results of detailed finite element model. Therefore in this study, the dynamic characteristics between lumped parameter model and detailed finite model is compared for the variables such as height/diameter of liquid-storage tank and thickness of wall, then the applicability of beam mode] to the seismic response analysis are evaluated for some liquid storage tanks.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.800-806
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• 1999

This paper proposes IIKBAG(Intelligent Interlocking Knowledge Base Generator) which can build automatically the interlocking knowledge base utilized as the real-time interlocking strategy of the electronic interlocking system in order to enhance it's reliability and expansion. The IIKBAG consists of the inference engine and the knowledge base. The former has an auto-learning function which searches all the train routes for the given station model based on heuristic search technique while dynamically searching the model, and then generates automatically the interlocking patterns obtained from the interlocking relations of signal facilities on the routes. The latter is designed as the structure which the real-time expert system embedded on IS(Interlocking System) can use directly in order to enhances the reliability and accuracy. The IIKBAG is implemented in C computer language for the purpose of the build and interface of the station structure database. And, a typical station model is simulated to prove the validity of the proposed IIKBAG.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.697-708
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• 2006

Various adaptive mesh refinement techniques are often employed in numerical simulations for increasing spatial and temporal resolution beyond the limits imposed by available CPU time and memory space. Recently, an octree-based adaptive mesh structure was successfully used in fluid animation to place more grid cells efficiently in visually interesting regions of fluids. In an attempt to optimize the use of computational resources further in fluid animation, this paper extends this adaptive technique by modifying the mesh refinement scheme so that the camera's viewing properties are dynamically exploited during the simulation. Based on a simple adaptive mesh structure, we show that the new meshing strategy can save a substantial amount of computation time and memory space by using a view-dependent adaptive approach. The experimental results reveal that the proposed technique provides a good compromise between the computational effort and the simulation's fidelity, and may be used quite effectively in 3D animation production.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.29-32
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• 2008

Cultural assets are subject to general elements of deterioration due to aging of materials and surrounding conditions over time and these elements do not influence structural safety. However, wood cracking(penetrative), disparity of joints, deformation of structure, damage by insects and ground subsidence as the elements of structural deterioration as well as slanting of building structure caused by composite elements exert serious impact on safety of cultural assets. Therefore, repair must be administered by deciding the appropriate time and investigating the status. However, there are no grounds for making such decisions because investigative data on cultural assets have not been organized analyzed and the results of investigation have not been established as database. There is also lack of objectified bases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate organize elements of structural deterioration with reference to cultural assets of building structures in Seoul so that to use the results found as the basic data for preservation of cultural assets.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2011

Land-use changes due to the socio-economic environment influence landscape patterns and processes, which affect habitats and biodiversity. This study considers the effects of such land-use changes, particularly on the traditional rural "Maeul" forested landscape, by analyzing landscape structure and vegetation changes. Three study areas were examined that have seen their populations decrease and age over the last few decades. Five types of plant life-forms (Raunkier life-forms) were distinguished to investigate ecosystem function. Principle component analysis was used to understand vegetation dynamics and community characteristics based on a vegetation similarity index. Ordination analysis transformed species-coverage data was introduced to clarify vegetation dynamics. Landscape indices, such as area metrics, edge metrics, and shape metrics, showed that spatial heterogeneity has increased over time in all areas. Pinus densiflora was the main land-use plant type in all study areas but decreased over time, whereas Quercus spp. increased. Over a decade, P. densiflora communities shifted to deciduous oak and plantation. These findings indicate that the impact of human activities on the Maeul landscape is twofold. While forestry activities caused heavy disturbances, the abandonment of traditional human activities has led to natural succession. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the type and intensity of these human impacts on landscape heterogeneity relate differently to vegetation succession. This reflects the cause and consequence of patch dynamics. We discuss an approach for sustainable landscape planning and management of the Maeul landscape based on traditional management.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-17
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• 2000

cdma2000 offers several enhancement as compared to TIA/EIA-95, although it remains fully compatible with TIA/EIA-95 systems and allows for a smooth migration from one to the other-Major new capability include:1)connectivity to GSM-MAP in addition to IP and IS-41 networks; 2) new layering with new LAC and MAC architectures for improved service multiplexing and QoS management and efficient use of radio resource ;3) new bands and band widths of operation in support of various operator need and constraints, as well as desire for a smooth and progressive migration to cdma 2000; and 4) flexible channel structure in support of multiple services with various QoS and variable transmission rates at up to 1 Mbps per channel and 2 Mbps per user. Given the phenomenal success of wireless services and desire for higher rate wireless services. improved spectrum efficiency was a major design goal in the elaboration of cdma2000. Major capacity enhancing features include; 1) turbo coding for data transmission: 2)fast forward link power control :3) forward link transmit diversity; 4) support of directive antenna transmission techniques; 5) coherent reverse link structure; and 6) enhanced access channel operation. As users increasingly rely on their cell phone at work and at home for voice and data exchange, the stand-by time and operation-time are essential parameters that can influence customer's satisfaction and service utilization. Another major goal of cdma2000 was therefore to enable manufacturers to further optimize power utilization in the terminal. Major battery life enhancing features include; 1) improved reverse link performance (i.e., reduced transmit power per information bit; 2) new common channel structure and operation ;3) quick paging channel operation; 4) reverse link gated transmission ; and 5) new MAC stated for efficient and ubiquitous idle time idle time operation. this article provides additional details on those enhancements. The intent is not to duplicate the detailed cdma2000 radio access network specification, but rather to provide some background on the new features of cdma2000 and on the qualitative improvements as compared to the TIA/EIA-95 based systems. The article is focused on the physical layer structure and associated procedures. It therefore does not cover the MAC, LAC, radio resource management [1], or any other signaling protocols in any detail. We assume some familiarity with the basic CDMA concepts used in TIA/EIA-95.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.459-464
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• 2010

컴퓨터 프로그램은 기계, 우주, 항공, 의학을 비롯한 사회 전 분야에서 필요로 한다. 하지만 프로그래밍 교육과정은 수많은 교재와 동영상 강의에도 불구하고 어려워하고 있다. 프로그래밍 언어는 매우 다양하지만 대부분의 언어들은 동일한 구조를 사용하며, 표현 방식에 차이가 있을 뿐이다. 그래서 하나의 프로그래밍 언어를 습득하면 또 다른 언어를 배우는데 많은 시간과 노력을 기울이지 않아도 된다. 대부분의 프로그래밍 언어들은 일반적으로 순서, 선택, 반복 구조를 사용한다. 프로그래밍을 배우는 사람에게 중요한 것은 프로그램의 문법이 아니라 프로그램의 구조나 알고리즘이다. 본 논문에서는 순서도를 활용해 구조화된 프로그래밍을 학습할 수 있는 언어 학습 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2509-2528
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• 2019

There are various styles of license plates for different countries and use cases that require style-specific methods. In this paper, we propose and illustrate a multi-style license plate recognition system. The proposed system performs a series of processes for license plate candidates detection, structure classification, character segmentation and character recognition, respectively. Specifically, we introduce a license plate structure classification process to identify its style that precedes character segmentation and recognition processes. We use a K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm with pre-training steps to recognize numbers and characters on multi-style license plates. To show feasibility of our multi-style license plate recognition system, we evaluate our system for multi-style license plates covering single line, double line, different backgrounds and character colors on Korean and the U.S. license plates. For the evaluation of Korean license plate recognition, we used a 50 minutes long input video that contains 138 vehicles of 6 different license plate styles, where each frame of the video is processed through a series of license plate recognition processes. From two experiments results, we show that various LP styles can be recognized under 50 ms processing time and with over 99% accuracy, and can be extended through additional learning and training steps.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2022

Water and energy are inextricably linked and referred to as 'Water-Energy Nexus'. Recently, this topic has been drawing a lot of attention from various studies due to the exacerbated water availability. Korea's water and energy consumption has been increasing consistently, which calls for better management. This paper aims to identify changes in electricity consumption in relation to water intake and purification processes. Using Log Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) Decomposition Analysis method, this study attributes the changes to major factors such as; Total population (population effect), household/population (structure effect), GDP/household (economic effect), and water-related energy use/GDP (unit effect). The population effect, structure effect, and economic effect contributed to an increase in water-related electricity consumption, while the unit effect contributed to a decrease. As of 2019, the economic effect increased the water supply sector's electricity consumption by 534 GWh, the population effect increased by 73 GWh, and the structure effect increased by 243 GWh. In contrast, the unit effect decreased the electricity consumption by -461 GWh. We would like to make the following suggestions based on the findings of this study; first, the unit effect must be improved by increasing the energy efficiency of water intake and purification plants and installing renewable energy power generation facilities. Second, the structure effect is expected to increase over time, and to mitigate it, water consumption must be reduced through water conservation policies and the improvement of water facilities. Finally, the findings of this study are expected to be used as foundational data for integrated water and energy management.