• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.333-337
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• 1997

Pods and kernels of two peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, a Shinpung type, Shindaekwangtangkong and a Virginia bunch type, Namdaetangkong were harvested periodically after the gynophore earthing in the field condition and their developments were monitored by observation of the changes in size, weight and moisture content. Seed germinability and seedling vigor were tested to set up a method for hastening the generation advancement in breeding procedure. Pods and kernels reached the maximum in size at 30 to 40 days after gynophore earthing and at that time the kernels had one hundred percent germinability and the seedlings sprouted from those kernels exhibited practically acceptable viability enough to grow for the next generation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2002

Varietal difference in seed shape and size, water absorption rate, and soybean sprouts was compared. In general, soybean seeds of yellow seed-coat and spherical shape with 100 seeds of 9.0$\pm$2g were evaluated as the best ones; Pungsannamulkong out of tested varieties was considered to be the best one in these respect. Varietal difference in water absorption yale depending on the soaking duration and temperature was recognized; Jungeri and Jillin 3 showed higher water absorption rate at higher temperature but it was completely vice versa for Pungsannamulkong. It took about 15 hours(soaking at 2$0^{\circ}C$) for seed shape of size to grow to 10mm in length. Maximum enlargement in thickness of soybean seeds was made right after the completion of repeated soaking-drying treatment but three hours and nine hours soaking were needed for one time-soaking and non-soaking treatment, respectively. Varietal difference in germination rate was recognized between one hour's soaking at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and two hour's soaking at 15$^{\circ}C$ The growth rate for Jillin 3 was excellent at all soaking methods and temperatures while three hours of soaking was the best for Jungeril and Pungsannamulkong, regardless of soaking temperatures. The growth of hypocotyl length showed somewhat faster in repeated soaking-drying than one time-soaking and non-soaking while the increase of hypocotyl thicknes was better in one-time soaking than repeated soaking-drying.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.483-487
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• 2006

In this study we investigated the effect of soybean germination on protein solubility, water and oil absorption and foaming and emulsion Properties. The soybeans were at germinated at $20^{\circ}C$ for 12 and 24 hr and then ground fine enough to Pass through a 60 mesh sieve. The germinated whole soy flour (GWSF) was relatively low in oil absorption capacity and protein solubility at pH 2 and 10 and high in water absorption capacity compared to ungerminated soy flour. Relatively low foaming capacities were measured for GWSF at pH 2 and 12 while the stabilities of GWSF were higher than that of ungerminated soy flour at pH 2-12 and setting time of 30-120 min. Emulsion capacity and stability were improved by germination at pH 10-12.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.750-758
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• 2013

Anthrax is a bacterial disease caused by the aerobic spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which is an important pathogen owing to its ability to be used as a terror agent. B. anthracis spores can escape phagocytosis and initiate the germination process even in antimicrobial conditions, such as oxidative stress. To analyze the oxidative stress response in B. anthracis and thereby learn how to prevent antimicrobial resistance, we performed protein expression profiling of B. anthracis strain HY1 treated with 0.3 mM hydrogen peroxide using a comparative proteomics-based approach. The results showed a total of 60 differentially expressed proteins; among them, 17 showed differences in expression over time. We observed time-dependent changes in the production of metabolic and repair/protection signaling proteins. These results will be useful for uncovering the metabolic pathways and protection mechanisms of the oxidative response in B. anthracis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.526-531
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• 2009

This study was conducted to identify the optimum condition for dehydration and storage for maintaining the seed vigor in pelleted carrot seeds. The water content of solid materials of un-pelleted seeds was 4.9% (F.W. basis), and that of pelleted seeds was 24%. When we dehydrated pelleted seeds for 3 hr at $25^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, and $45^{\circ}C$, all seeds were dehydrated to 5% - the same level of water content as that before pelleting. Pelleted seeds did not show any significant difference in germination from un-pelleted seeds, and neither was there any significant time or germination difference between pelleted and un-pelleted seeds at the tested dehydration temperatures. However, the $T_{50}$ value of pelleted seeds increased about 3 days larger than that of un-pelleted seeds. Germination speed of pelleted seeds in which the dehydration period was prolonged at $45^{\circ}C$ was delayed compared to those prolonged at $25^{\circ}C$ or $35^{\circ}C$ for the same period. The optimum dehydration condition, which could be applied for large scale in the industry, was dehydration at $35^{\circ}C$ for 3 hr, and the optimum storage temperature which could maintain the seed performance was $5^{\circ}C$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.505-513
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the variation of chemical components in stagnant water under different mulching amount of barley straw after combine harvesting and the effect of stagnent water on the germinatidn and seedling elongation at early growth stage in rice. pH was lower in barley straw mulching than non-mulching and decreased with increasing of mulched barley straw but was not different among treatments in stagnant water at 15 days after flooding. Dissolved oxygen decreased with the increasing of mulched barley straw and increased with the passing of time, while saline content increased with the increasing of mulched barley straw, showing significant difference among treatments, was peaked at 15 days after flooding and thereafter, decreased. NH4-N was higher 5 days after flooding with thicker barley straw mulching but was not different at 10 days. N $O_3$-N increased up to 10 to 15 days after flooding and increased with thicker barley straw mulching. Water soluble phosphorus and cation content ( $K^{+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$)were higher in thicker barley straw mulching and peaked at 10 and 15 days after flooding. Germination rate was decreased by thicker straw mulching and was high in order of medium late, medium and early maturing rice variety. Keumobyeo, Gancheokbyeo, Ilpumbyeo, Dongjinbyeo and Gyehwabyeo showed higher germination rate. Seedling elongation at early growth stage was poorer with increasing of barley. straw mulching. Ilpumbyeo had good seedling elongation in one time amount of barley straw mulching and Shinunbongbyeo, Unjangbyeo, Nonganbyeo and Dongjinbyeo had poorer, in two times.mes.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.267-280
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• 2015

The study was conducted to evaluate effects of time and degree of defoliation on growth of 'Wonhwang' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) trees managing with low pesticides as well as regrowth of cuttings in vitro. Treatments included degree of defoliation (20% and 60%) with time of defoliation (Early-Aug, End-Aug, and Early-Sep); Early-Aug (20%), Early-Aug (60%), End-Aug (20%), End-Aug (60%), Early-Sep (20%), Early-Sep (60%), and No defoliation. No defoliation and Early-Sep (20%) defoliation increased growth of water sprouts and new shoots, which were improved by delayed defoliation or 20% of defoliation. Total-C, total-N, B, and free sugar contents increased in No defoliation-shoots but decreased in End-Aug (60%)-shoots. Delayed defoliation increased total-C, total-N, and free sugar in shoots, with high contents of C, K, Ca, Mg, and B observed for 20% of defoliation-trees. Fruit yield and weight or fruit length increased in No defoliation, End-Aug (20%) defoliation, and Early-Sep (20%) defoliation, but reduced in End-Aug (60%). Fruit soluble solids content reduced in defoliation in August. Time of defoliation did not affect the fruit yield and fruit quality, while degree of defoliation influenced yield and fruit weight and length. Defoliation at End-Aug (60%) mostly increased the leakage rates of the stem cuttings at $-18^{\circ}C$ and $-21^{\circ}C$ in vitro and reduced the germination rates at $-24^{\circ}C$ and $-27^{\circ}C$. Under comparison of time and degree of defoliation, the Early-Sep defoliation increased germination rates of the stem cuttings at $-27^{\circ}C$ in vitro, and 60% of defoliation decreased the germination rates compared to the 20% of defoliation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1997

These studies were carried out to investigate seed propagation method and conducted using stem cuttings of Styrax japonicus for using as a woody landscape plant. The results are obtained as follows. After the H\sub2\SO\sub 4\ and GA\sub 3\ treatment to the seeds of Styrax japonicus, three months of warm treatment followed by cold stratification for four months increased seed germination rate. The rooting rate of Styrax japonicus was increased by the treatment with concentrated IBA, especially highest at 7,000ppm. Rooting percentages were highest for cuttings taken on July 15, 1995. Therefore, the most effective method for rooting of Styrax japonicus was treatment with 7,000ppm IBA on July 15 cuttings, which showed rooting rate of over 90%. Half-leaf-remained cuttings were more effective than those with two leaves on rooting of Styrax japonicus. Dipping for 10 seconds in IBA solution resulted in rooting rate of over 70%. The longer the treatment time the worse the rooting.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.26-37
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• 2004

This study was to investigate the rational propagation of the Vitex rotundifolia, which is distributed as a community naturally at coastal area in Korea. The germination rate of ordinary temperature stored fruits was the highest with 67%. In the matter of the number of seedlings per fruit, 1 seed germinated fruit was the most with 40.3 % and the mean was 1.4 seedlings per fruit. The best rooting rate of both greenwood and hardwood cutting was 96.7% in the case of cuttings soaked in IBA 2500ppm for 1 minute on the Compost+Sand bed-soils. Generally the root development of cuttings was higher in the high IBA concentration with soaking in a moment than in the low IBA concentration with soaking in long time, and bed-soils mixed with sands and composts. And in the rooting rate, greenwood cutting was better about 10% than hardwood cutting of Vitex rotundifolia.

• Mycobiology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2005

Infection structures were observed at the penetration sites on the leaves of cucumber plants inoculated with Colletotrichum orbiculare using a fluorescence microscope. The cucumber plants were previously drenched with suspension of bacterial strains Pseudomonas putida or Micrococcus luteus. The plants pre-inoculated with both bacterial strains were resistant against anthracnose after inoculation with C. orbiculare. To investigate the resistance mechanism by both bacterial strains, the surface of infected leaves was observed at the different time after challenge inoculation. At 3 days after inoculation there were no differences in the germination and appressorium formation of conidia of C. orbiculare as well as in the callose formation of the plants between both bacteria pre-inoculated and non-treated. At 5 days, the germination and appressorium formation of the fungal conidia were, however, significantly decreased on the leaves of plants pre-inoculated with M. luteus at the concentration with $1.0{\times}10^7\;cfu/ml$. Furthermore, callose formation of plants cells at the penetration sites was apparently increased. In contrast, there were no defense reactions of the plants at the concentration with $1.0{\times}10^6\;cfu/ml$ of M. luteus. Similarly, inoculation P. putida caused no plant resistance at the low concentration, whereas increase of callose formation was observed at the higher concentration. The results of this study suggest that the resistant mechanisms might be differently expressed by the concentration of pre-treatment with bacterial suspension.