• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.305-317
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• 2020

The navigation message is composed of the information contained in the message and the structure for transmitting this information. In order to design a navigation message, considerations in terms of message content and message structure must be elicited. For designing a Korea Positioning System (KPS) navigation message, this paper explains performance indicators in terms of message structure and message content. Most of the performance analysis of GNSS navigation messages already in operation was performed only for Time-to-first-fix-Data (TTFFD). However, in the navigation message, the message content is composed of Clock-Ephemeris Data (CED) and additional information. So, this paper proposes a new performance indicator R_(Non-CED) that can be analyzed from the viewpoint of receiving additional information along with an explanation of TTFFD focusing on the CED reception time. This paper analyze the performance in terms of message structure using these two performance indicators. The message structures used for analysis are the packetized message protocol like GPS CNAV and the packetized and fixed pattern message protocol like GPS CNAV-2. From the results, it is possible to proffer how KPS navigation messages can have better performance than GPS navigation messages. And, these two performance indicators, TTFFD and R_Non-CED, can help to design the minimum TTFF required performance of KPS navigation messages.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1348-1356
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• 2013

Disney Animation has showed not only artistic excellence but also technological innovations through a lot of animation films that they released. Especially with the unique concept that free-willed game characters dive into different worlds of games in animation film, received both critical and commercial acclaim for its stunning visuals and outstanding CG (computer graphics) effects. The purpose of this study is to analyze different styles of game worlds, Disney's layout pipeline, and in-house camera capture system used in . This paper analyzes that three game worlds in this film such as Fix-It Felix Jr., Sugar Rush, and Hero's Duty express different styles by using appropriate character animation and camera movements. Especially Hero's Duty game which new in-house camera capture system is extensively used maximizes unseen visuals by perfectly making realistic and believable game world. Disney's newly developed in-house camera capture system, which is used in this film for the first time, allows real camera's motion and shake and real-time camera's movement and correction within animation set. Result of this study proves that this system improves directing of feature animation and enhance efficiency of the layout department's production process. Therefore, it contributes to a great extent to development of animation films' business.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.587-598
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• 2015

We examined various existing threshold methods for the determination of the first arrival time of acoustic emission (AE), and developed a new variable threshold method that could determine the first arrival time of AE more accurately and more quickly than existing methods. The new method, a modification of an existing threshold method, does not fix the threshold, but applies variable thresholds for the AE signals according to noise analysis. Two- and three-dimensional models were established to test the effectiveness of the new method. It could determine source locations of AE in a two-dimensional model 38.3% more accurately than the pre-existing threshold methods. Its accuracy improvement over the existing methods in a three-dimensional model was about 15.2%. A practical test involved measuring the source locations of AE during three-point bending tests of granite cores. The new method placed the sources closer to the fracture plane than did the pre-existing methods, indicating its superior (and quicker) ability to determine the source locations of AE.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07d
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• pp.1759-1760
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• 2006

GPS 수신기에서 항법을 수행하기 위해서 신호탐색, 신호추적, 데이터 동기, 데이터 복조, 측정치 생성 및 위치 계산의 과정을 거쳐야 한다. TTFF(Time To First Fix)는 이러한 시간의 합으로 수신기의 성능을 나타내는 중요 평가지수 중의 하나이다. 일반적인 수신기의 TTFF는 80~90초인 것으로 알려져 있으며, 고속으로 운동하는 항체의 경우, 빠른 TTFF를 필요로 하므로 가장 긴 시간이 소비하는 신호탐색 과정의 시간을 줄여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 고속으로 운동하는 항체에서 GPS 신호의 코드 탐색 시간을 줄이기 위하여 다중 상관기 구조를 가지는 수신기를 설계 하고자한다. 설계한 수신기는 수신된 신호의 코드위상을 여러 개의 상관기에서 동시에 탐색하도록 다중 상관기를 구성하여 코드위상 검색에 소요되는 시간을 단축시킨다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 GPS 모의 신호 발생기를 이용하여 실험을 수행하였다. GPS 신호는 IF 데이터 수집 장치로부터 수집된 신호를 이용하며, 실험 수행 결과 다중 상관기를 이용하였을 때 TTFF가 단축되는 것을 확인하였다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.741-750
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• 2011

In this paper, we derive an software mixed debugging model based on a Markov process, assuming that the length of time to perform the debugging is random and its distribution may depend on the fault type causing the failure. We assume that the debugging process starts as soon as a software failure occurs, and either a perfect debugging or an imperfect debugging is performed upon each fault type. One type is caused by a fault that is easily corrected and in this case, the perfect debugging process is performed. An Imperfect debugging process is performed to fix the failure caused by a fault that is difficult to correct. Distribution of the first passage time and working probability of the software system are obtained; in addition, an availability function of a software system which is the probability that the software is in working at a given time, is derived. Numerical examples are provided for illustrative purposes.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.39
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• pp.179-220
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• 2008

The notion of the 'court' is most unique to ICC arbitration. This paper focuses on what the court is and how it works and what the role and the duties of the Court under the ICC arbitration imply for the KCAB International Arbitration Rules. The Court is an administrative body that administers arbitrations taking place under the ICC Rules of Arbitration. The Court consists of 126 members from 88 countries around the world. Court members participate in decision-making process by way of attending the committee sessions and plenary sessions. At the Court's committee sessions, the Court fixes advance on costs; reviews the prima facie existence of arbitration agreements; fixes the place and language of arbitration, and the number of arbitrator(s); confirms and approves arbitrators; scrutinizes draft awards, determines the costs of arbitration; decides on extensions related to Terms of Reference, draft awards and correction and interpretation of the awards. At the Court's plenary sessions, the Court performs only two responsibilities: the challenge or replacement of arbitrators or the scrutiny of draft awards. The Court is required to scrutinize draft awards involving states or state entities, drafts with huge amounts in dispute or complex technical or legal questions, and as well as draft awards to which a dissenting opinion has been attached. Turning to the KCAB International Arbitration Rules, Article 1(3) provides that the KCAB shall establish an International Arbitration Committee. Further, it is provided that the KCAB shall consult with the said Committee with respect to challenge and replacement/removal of arbitrators pursuant to Article 1(3). The notion and role of the International Arbitration Committee was originally adapted from the Court to ICC arbitration, but its role was quite reduced in the process of enactment of its Rules. Accordingly, I examined the detailed roles of the Court to ICC arbitration in this paper and hereby suggest that the KCAB International Arbitration Rules shall be amended in the following ways: The Secretariat of the KCAB shall: fix advance on costs at the first stage and the costs of arbitration at the final stage of the proceedings; determine the number of arbitrators; review the prima facie of existence of arbitration agreement; confirm arbitrators; decide extensions related to time table, draft awards and correction and interpretation of the awards. I, also, suggest that the arbitral tribunals shall fix the place of arbitration and the language of arbitration and make a final decision on the validity of arbitration agreement. With regard to the International Arbitration Committee, it is desirable for its Rules to empower the Committee to recommend any prospective arbitrator and to review and decide challenge and replacement/removal of arbitrators.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.89-100
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• 2010

This study is intended to analyze current status of costume in the cultural industry and explore feasibility of integrating costume as important cultural contents in the digital era. Among the websites for contents as the cultural archetypes, some have strong foundations while others don't. First, as for various archetypal characters restored based on the Korean history, most of their clothes focus on shapes and colors but lack details. They should be produced in 3D to provide back views or textile patterns to users. To ease understanding of the history of costume, user-friendly services such as launch of a pop-up window when users click on specific contents in question should be available for detailed information. At least there should be a link to other related sites where users can conveniently find more details. Second, some sites have too much data under one subject, increasing complexity and undermining orderliness. As a result, it takes long time to identify the site map. In this case, it is required to rearrange the contents with Quick View by subject and related links for in-depth study. Third, each subject is important to develop the archetypes for a variety of purposes. Creation of design derived from them or their commercialization can be an example but these activities should not restrict imagination of users or degrade the value of the archetypes. Last, it is needed to adopt validation system to detect the needs for a regular update (renewal) and to fix errors. We found many servers whose operation is not stable in general. When these technical issues are addressed for stable operation, users will rely on the sites to utilize them for their purpose of developing the cultural archetypes. In conclusion, advancement of www.culturecontent.com is essential. Based on efficient management and operation of the system, the quality of contents would be increased and multi-faceted advertising campaigns focusing on needs should be launched, to promote application of the contents. This is the recommendation for the future of the cultural archetype industry in Korea.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.91-111
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• 2006

Technology development of modern society reduces times, costs and labor costs but demands work forces requiring expert knowledge on technology. Consequently knowledge worker becomes important. Not changing into a specialist acquired expert knowledge, people can't survive in competitive society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to grasp the actual condition of private security industry and to examine problems. The final goal is to find the way to improve the professionalism of workers in private security industry. First. Now we must make up for the subject for examination actually and be in a triangular position and complement a professional materials for teaching. At the same time it must strengthen the education using advanced instruments seek to Total Security System. Moreover it is demanded 'institutional supplement of security guard instructors' which means job training for security guard instructor Second. On the job training which can deal with a state of emergency through 'security guard training' with a theory and an actual training must be strengthen. Also, most security guards have low understandings and interests because their ages are from 50's to 60's. Accordingly proper education must be offered to security guard. Third. Certification system of the private security guards are needed to fix the problems on an indiscreet issue and an abuse of license through deliberation on the security license. Fourth. Universities must find a new market to minimize the squandering of human resources because of oversupply and reduce the personnel. Also with enhancing the employment rate through specialized education, universities must offer an education which keeps pace with the times for not an entrance strategy but a long-term development. Effort for education of specialist will produce an improvement in business quality and improved services produce a customer satisfaction. A customer satisfaction will produce a fame of a successful company and positive images in market area. Finally the private industry will be developed by productivity improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

Cloths wrapped around the body have been the basis of the dress of people all over the world for centuries. This study is to research detailed modifiable fashion styling methods in history and to give ideas to people such as fashion professionals who are interested in fashion styling so that they can create modifiable fashion styling easily in fashion fields. The characteristics of modifiable fashion styling methods from ancient to middle ages are as follows. The first modifiable styling method is to expose the knots on the surface of the garments, and the knots were mainly located on the upper part of the body. The second method is a wrapping type of the modifiable styling method, which shows a lot of variant simple shapes of cloths. This method helped develop many wrapping methods over time. The third way is the fixed type of the modifiable styling method, and it uses accessories such as fibulae, belts to fix cloths, to create many different styles. The accessories are located on around either the neck or waist. The fourth method is the composite type of the modifiable styling methods mentioned above. This styling method is adapted in robe type clothes which makes the clothes look full of beautiful drapery. This study suggests that simple shapes of cloths can create enormous amount of styling which can be easily adapted and created nowadays.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.135-138
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• 2008

As the procedure of the close examination of disaster impact at the initial stage of the beginning of development plans, the newly extablished Pre Disaster Impact Assessment Review Deliberation (PDIARD) system which have been introduced through the revision of the Natural Disaster Countermeasure Act-revised at August, 2005 is enforced for the purpose of the disaster prevention which caused during a development projects. From that time down to this day, the PDIARD system have been reviewed about 6,000 cases totally. However, the current the PDIARD system at the uppermost limit in the aspect of every Acts and operational problems is in need of sustaining supplementation at the present situation. To cope with this operational remedy related to the PDIARD system, this study deals in 3 major concerns. First, it is required to fix a criterion in detail because of a wide range of the subject plans of deliberation. Second, there is some ambiguity according to the area or length of the subjected administrative and development plans. So it should be excepted of the targeted plans which has few probability in disaster potential or vulnerability. Finally, the subjected plans need to be added as to the continuous urbanization and industrialization and the enactment or revision of the Acts related. This study focuses on the investigation and analysis to find out the improvement way about the main problem pending of the PDIARD system, consequently suggests a effective remedy and new categories, including future directions and detailed plans for operation.