• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

Industrial networks has been developing various technologies from fieldbus technology to industrial Ethernet and time-sensitive networking. The industry expects that the 5G mobile network will solve the diverse and highly specific industrial site requirements. Accordingly, 3GPP has been developing standard functions to provide ultra-high reliability, ultra-high speed, ultra-connection, and ultra-low latency services, and 3GPP Rel-16 began developing ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability communication functions for 5G mobile networks to support vertical industries. In this paper, we show the related standardization trends and requirements to apply industrial IoT service scenarios to 5G mobile networks, and in particular, we introduce 5G system features and extended 5G system architecture to provide time sensitive communication and time synchronization services.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.105-113
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• 2022

In this paper, we present and analyze 5G system and IEEE time-sensitive networking(TSN) and propose a novel mobility management scheme for time sensitive communications in 5G-TSN to support ultra-low latency networks. Time-sensitive networking(TSN) has a promising future in the Industrial Automation and Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT), as a key technology that is able to provide low-latency, high-reliable and deterministic communications over the Ethernet. When a TSN capable UE moves the TSN service coverage from the non-TSN service coverage, the UE cannot get the TSN service promptly because the related mobility management is not performed appropriately. For the mobility situation with the TSN service coverage, the proposed scheme reports TSN capability to the network and triggers the initial registration in order to be provided the TSN service immediately and ultra-low latency communications compared to existing schemes in 5G mobile networks.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2006

Since Korean government has implemented the "Number Portability System" in the domestic mobile communications market, mobile communication companies have been striving to hold onto existing customers and at the same time to attract new customers. This paper presents a competing risk model that considers the characteristics of a customer in order to predict the customer's life under the "Number Portability System." Three competing risks considered are pricing policy, quality of communication, and usefulness of service. It was observed that the customers who pay more are less sensitive on pricing policy younger people are less sensitive than older people to the quality of communication and women are more sensitive than men to the degree of usefulness of service. We expect that the result of this study can be used as a guideline for effective management of mobile phone customers under the Number Portability System.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

Is very simple in tension work of screen mesh for effective printing if worker uses screen mesh of player who desire at screen print process. General method is methods that use mesh of player who want on screen frame as screen plate because tensioned. The single layer screen plate was made from one sheet screen mesh and the double layer screen plate was made from two sheets screen mesh overlapped. The thickness of sensitive emulsion applied to double layer screen plate is more thicker than two time s of thickness of emulsion applied to single layer screen plate. It seems that the sensitive emulsion inserted between an upper layer and a lower layer of double layer screen mesh.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3399-3419
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• 2020

In the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), the data transmission of time-sensitive applications requires low latency, such as accident warnings, driving guidance, etc. However, frequent changes of topology in VANET will result in data transmission failures. In order to improve the efficiency of VANETs data transmission and increase the timeliness of data, this paper proposes a relay scheme based on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) trajectory prediction, which can be used to select the optimal relay vehicle to transmit data. The proposed scheme learns vehicle trajectory in a distributed manner and calculates the predicted trajectory, and then the optimal vehicle can be selected to complete the data transmission, which ensures the timeliness of the data. Finally, we carry out a set of simulations to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme enhances the timeliness of the data and the accuracy of the predicted driving trajectory.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.57-71
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• 2023

In this study, we analyze a finite-buffer M/G/1 queueing model with randomized pushout space priority and nonpreemptive time priority. Space and time priority queueing models have been extensively studied to analyze the performance of communication systems serving different types of traffic simultaneously: one type is sensitive to packet delay, and the other is sensitive to packet loss. However, these models have limitations. Some models assume that packet transmission times follow exponential distributions, which is not always realistic. Other models use general distributions for packet transmission times, but their space priority rules are too rigid, making it difficult to fine-tune service performance for different types of traffic. Our proposed model addresses these limitations and is more suitable for analyzing communication systems that handle different types of traffic with general packet length distributions. For the proposed queueing model, we first derive the distribution of the number of packets in the system when the transmission of each packet is completed, and we then obtain packet loss probabilities and the expected number of packets for each type of traffic. We also present a numerical example to explore the effect of a system parameter, the pushout probability, on system performance for different packet transmission time distributions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.10B
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• pp.866-879
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• 2004

This paper presents a pricing model for maximizing a service provider's profit, taking into account consumers' quality-of-service dependent willingness to pay, in integrated voice/data mobile services. For the voice and the data services, time-sensitive pricing and volume-sensitive pricing mechanism will be applied, respectively, as in the case of Korea's mobile service market. Assuming that consumers are very sensitive to call interruption during handoff moments, the model presented here considers reserving guard channels exclusively for handoff traffic, in the process of frequency channels allocation, as well as guaranteeing consumers quality of service regarding call interruption rate. Ultimately, this model proposes a means to guarantee the quality of service in the short term, through pricing strategies as well as channel allocation policies, and the simulation results show that without expanding system resources, there exists a trade-off between profit and quality-of-service guarantee.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.721-733
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• 2020

Recently, there is an increasing demand for ultra-low-latency (ULL) services such as factory automation, autonomous driving, and telesurgery that must meet an end-to-end latency of less than 10 ms. Fifth-generation (5G) New Radio guarantees 0.5 ms one-way latency, so the feasibility of ULL services is higher than in previous mobile communications. However, this feasibility ensures performance at the radio access network level and requires an innovative 5G network architecture for end-to-end ULL across the entire 5G system. Hence, we survey in detailed two the 3rd Generation Partnership Party (3GPP) standardization activities to ensure low latency at network level. 3GPP standardizes mobile edge computing (MEC), a low-latency solution at the edge network, in Release 15/16 and is standardizing time-sensitive communication in Release 16/17 for interworking 5G systems and IEEE 802.1 time-sensitive networking (TSN), a next-generation industry technology for ensuring low/deterministic latency. We developed a 5G system based on 3GPP Release 15 to support MEC with a potential sub-10 ms end-to-end latency in the edge network. In the near future, to provide ULL services in the external network of a 5G system, we suggest a 5G-IEEE TSN interworking system based on 3GPP Release 16/17 that meets an end-to-end latency of 2 ms.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2020

We analyze the flow aggregate (FA) based network delay guarantee framework, with generalized minimal interleaved regulator (IR) initially suggested by IEEE 802.1 time sensitive network (TSN) task group (TG). The framework has multiple networks with minimal IRs attached at their output ports for suppressing the burst cascades, with FAs within a network for alleviating the scheduling complexity. We analyze the framework with various topology and parameter sets with the conclusion that the FA-based framework with low complexity can yield better performance than the integrated services (IntServ) system with high complexity, especially with large network size and large FA size.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2008

Today, A matter of concern of home network technology increase. The standard of communication between home network devices are required. IEEE 802.1 AVB(Audio/Video Bridging) specifies transmission method for time-sensitive data between these devices using Ethernet in bridged local area networks. IEEE 802.1 AVB and IEEE 1588 PTP(Precision Time Protocol) have various message type for grandmaster selection and synchronize the devices. These messages bring on complexity protocol. We propose a method that uses Single TimeSync frame in order to the problem. Our proposal is appropriate process complexity and low transmission delay for home network by using the TimeSync frame. Furthermore, after all devices are adjusted to the single TimeSync frame, a resource reservation, a forwarding and queueing rule are needed for a time-sensitive application.