• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.482-492
• /
• 2024

This study aims to investigate how elementary school students understand the process of sedimentary rock formation based on their perception of geological time concepts. The research was conducted with 57 fourth-grade students from U Elementary School in B Metropolitan City. Data were collected using a modified and adapted version of the LIFT (The Landscape Identification and Formation Test) assessment tool developed by Jolley et al. (2012) and structured essay questions based on the interview framework used by Charles and McConnell (2018) on geological landscape formation. The qualitative analysis of the essay responses classified the students into three groups based on their expression of geological time concepts: the "Specific Time Concept" group, the "Vague Time Concept" group, and the "No Time Concept" group. Statistical verification was performed using the scores from short-answer questions about the sedimentary rock formation process. It was found that the "Specific Time Concept" group had a statistically significantly higher understanding of the sedimentary rock formation process compared to the "No Time Concept" group (p= .04). Additionally, instances of underestimation and overestimation of geological ages, as mentioned by Ault (1982), were observed in the specific cases. Furthermore, language networks were formed and centrality analyses were conducted based on the descriptive responses collected from each group. The analysis results showed that the "Specific Time Concept" group had a relatively good understanding of all processes involved in sedimentary rock formation, with geological time concepts well connected to the phenomena. The "Vague Time Concept" group did not have a well-connected understanding of the processes of deposition, compaction, cementation, lithification, and exposure but had a relatively good understanding of geological time concepts. The "No Time Concept" group explained the sedimentary rock formation process mainly focusing on deposition, compaction, and cementation, and had almost no understanding of geological time concepts. Additionally, community analysis using the centrality of time nodes showed that the "No Time Concept" group had difficulty associating the sedimentary rock formation process with the concept of time. Based on these conclusions, suggestions were made to provide insights into geological time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.332-345
• /
• 2015

Earth science is the study to explore the planet in which we live. Among these earth science geology of the area it can be the most critical and important study. However, because of the size and scope is too broad temporal spatial eurona covered in geology is true that many students find difficult about the geology field. In this study, in conjunction with landscape formation of geologic time for the concept to be among the core areas of Geology examined the concept and recognize it as the destination for high school students. Is a test tool for the analysis was adapted for use by Jolley (2010) has developed LIFT (The Landscape Identification and Formation Test). Currently we fix the strip to match the country through a validity check of the curriculum. Results of the study were as follows: First, the ability to check the landscape and formation is expected to estimate the time and the liberal arts students was higher than the natural science students. The reason for this seems to be the influence of learning geographical subjects. Second, the concept of geological time was found to lack both natural science and liberal arts students. The reason is that the students in the previous process because it deals with the concept of geologic time from the top of Earth Science Education II seems to be because there was no chance of learning about geological time. Third, the results confirm the confidence of the students surveyed in the landscape formation time natural science students was higher than liberal arts students. The research measured gender boys higher than girls. Fourth, the students on the landscape and geological time was found to have a number of misconceptions. This appears to be due to the students to feel difficulty in thinking of the concept because the need to understand the abstract geologic time. Therefore, it is necessary just to hold misconceptions about the concept of geology students have through the study of the landscape and geological time.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 1988

This paper was made for the purpose of analyging primary school child's concept formation about Euclidian space. Using clinical method, this research was executed to 360 children at a primary school in Inchon city. Research results according to the problem were as following: (1) The concept formation about Euclidion space is later than that of Piaget's research. (2) The vertical concept formation is faster than the horizontal that. (3) Sex Difference of concept formation about Euclidian space is as follews; boy's concept formation is almost three time as fast as girl's

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.1009-1018
• /
• 2002

The Representative Interactive Flamelet (RIF) concept has been applied to numerically simulate the combustion processes and pollutant formation in the direct injection diesel engine. Due to the ability for interactively describing the transient behaviors of local flame structures with CFD solver, the RIF concept has the capabilities to predict the auto-ignition and subsequent flame propagation in the diesel engine combustion chamber as well as to effectively account for the detailed mechanisms of soot formation, NOx formation including thermal NO path, prompt and nitrous 70x formation, and reburning process. Special emphasis is given to the turbulent combustion model which properly accounts for vaporization effects on the mixture fraction fluctuations and the pdf model. The results of numerical modeling using the RIF concept are compared with experimental data and with numerical results of the commonly applied procedure which the low-temperature and high-temperature oxidation processes are represented by the Shell ignition model and the eddy dissipation model, respectively. Numerical results indicate that the RIF approach including the vaporization effect on turbulent spray combustion process successfully predicts the ignition delay time and location as well as the pollutant formation.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.339-349
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we present a finite-time sliding mode control (FSMC) with an integral finite-time sliding surface for applying the concept of graph theory to a distributed wheeled mobile robot (WMR) system. The kinematic and dynamic property of the WMR system are considered simultaneously to design a finite-time sliding mode controller. Next, consensus and formation control laws for distributed WMR systems are derived by using the graph theory. The kinematic and dynamic controllers are applied simultaneously to compensate the dynamic effect of the WMR system. Compared to the conventional sliding mode control (SMC), fast convergence is assured and the finite-time performance index is derived using extended Lyapunov function with adaptive law to describe the uncertainty. Numerical simulation results of formation control for WMR systems shows the efficacy of the proposed controller.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.157-172
• /
• 1999

This treatise, after review recent data on Oriental Medical toxicity, gets a conclusion on toxic concept of Oriental Medicine. 1. In the oriental medicine, the concept of toxic character contains propensity which disposition is inclined, and general meaning covered with the effect of a medicine, a side effect, formation of a medicine Besides, the concept diversely is used in the cause of a disease, names, symptoms, how to treat, medicines, prevention name, etc. 2. Every herbal drugs has toxic character. Levels of toxicity are nonexistence(無毒), existence(有毒), a little(小毒), always(常毒), serious(大毒), fatal toxic(劇毒), whose concepts in the Oriental Medicine are divided relative and absolute at the same time. 3. The examples of the fatal events by poisoning up to now are more than 400 cases(in China). 4. The factors of toxicity are the amount used unsuitably, the combination, directions, and interactions between western and oriental medicine, etc. The reduction of toxicity and how to detoxicate is several methods. The toxic science in Oriental Medicine based on the formation of oriental medicine present principles which use herbal drugs safely and availablely, utilizing th dispositions and efficiencies. It has positive, learning spirits which prevent abuse of oriental medicine, and which exactly diagnose and use the herbal drugs in the treatment with absolute toxic medicine. However, I think that scientific, positive experimental research is necessary to setup dose-response relation, be in relative quantity of toxic character, operate on the reactive mechanism exactly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2009

This study is aimed at the necessity application in 'Prototype' general concept on discovering cultural identity landscape of our national characteristics landscape research. Accordingly, It is considered landscape, fundamental concept, the prototypal landscape concept from previously researches that have been used. At the same time, the concept of prototypal landscape has been established by commenting a point of view which is defining previous researches that controverted prototypal landscape, then establish concept of prototypal landscape and derive attribute by comparing and considering similar terminology of prototypal landscape. Previously, research prototypal landscape in depth by applying defined concept of prototypal landscape and considering inherence ideological and environmental background prototypal figure and structure. Formation pattern of the prototypal landscape is classified in both philosophical formative primary factor from philosophy, religion and environmental formative factor of human that accumulated cultural life from a region and life. Examples of forming the prototypal landscape by philosophical formative factor are classified as 'Feng-Shui(the theory of divination based on topography)', 'Yin-Yang theory', 'Confucian idea theory' 'Philosophical Taoism', 'Buddhism theory' and 'Nature theory' then environmental formative factor are interpreted by 'Taekliji(determining of advantageous land)', 'Imwon(forest) economical geography', 'land use', 'topography' and 'terrain' as examples. This study is anticipating a new point of view and an establishment of reliable preservation to our characteristic of the prototypal landscape by considering concept of prototypal landscape and formative factor as studying limits of prototypal landscape and researching concentrated origination of the prototype.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.136-148
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this thesis is to study multi-view fashion design with an analysis of multi-view art's formation and philosophical perspective. The production of unique artwork is dependent on how we see, think and represent what is around us. Multi-view art has great potential as a concept related to the continuity of time and space, it is not limited to space and time but it extends to infinitely, according to the artist's will and imagination. The study of time and space has been used as principles for deriving the formative of multi-view art, and the principles applied for analyzing multi-view fashion design. And the formation of multi-view art is reflected in fashion design. Simultaneity, deconstructivity, continuity and virtuality in terms of multi-view art are support the formation of multi-view fashion design, such as fabrication, expandability, concealment and transparency. As such, it is important to study multi-view fashion design as a creative design method with immense potential for further development.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 2023

"New Dimension Art" is an artistic concept of the new era that the author puts forward by combining the background, the artistic environment and the artistic market.It relates to the consciousness of thought, the way of feeling, the form of expression and even the style of language in artistic creation.The author expounds this concept of art.At the same time, this paper deeply studies the characteristics of "new dimension art" by analyzing personality and commonality, as well as the creator's personality transformation.The author hopes that he and more artists can create and express more accurately through this concept, so that his works can fully reflect the author's individual characteristics and release more dimensional field energy. We are confident that this paper will affect the area of painting in the future.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2004

As the environmental pollution becomes serious global problem, the regulation of emission exhausted from automobiles is strengthened. Therefore, it is very important to know how to reduce the NOx and PM simultaneously in diesel engines, which has lot of merits such as high thermal efficiency, low fuel consumption and durability. By this reason, the new concept called as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition(HCCI) engines are spotlighted because this concept reduced NOx and P.M. simultaneously. However, there is trade off between output and NOx in a HCCI engine. In this study, output and emission characteristics for a gasoline direct injection type HCCI engine were investigated to clarify the effects of intake air temperature, injection time and mixture formation. From these experiments, we found that the smoke was not produced when the fuel was injected earlier than BTDC 90$^{\circ}$. In addition, the output was increased because of delay of ignition time and NOx emission was decreased because of homogeneous charge of first injection in case of split injection.