• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 1971

Anesthetized dogs were tilted from horizontal to the upright and head down position. Tilting to the upright position was followed by an increase in heart rate. In the head down position a decreased heart rate was obtained. The arterial blood pressure was decreased in the upright position and was decreased markedly in the head down position. The central venous pressure was decreased in the upright position and was markedly decreased down to the negative pressure in the head down position. The respiratory rate was slightly increased in the upright position comparing to that in the horizontal position. No remarkable changes were noted in the head down position. From the above results the following factors were discussed The decreased arterial blood pressure during the upright position was supposed to be the secondary effect from the diminished venous return that was suggested by the decreased central venous pressure. The decreased arterial blood pressure in the head down position was also supposed as the above reason as the diminished central venous pressure during the tilt. In addition the cardioinhibitory effects originated from the baroreceptors might have been operated during head down tilting. In the heart rate there was slight tachycardia in the upright position this was assumed as the abolished cardioinhibitory impulses from the baroreceptor in the upright position. On the contrary, despite of the decrease of arterial blood pressure in the head down position as well as in the upright, the bradycardia have been appeared. This was suggestive of cardioinhibitory impulses from the baroreceptors which was stretched during head down tilting. From the above findings there is a possibility of continous cardioinhibitory responses during head down tilting for this kind of the short period of 10 minutes which was chosed in this study.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제26권7호
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 1989

무늬로 부터의 3차원 정보의 복구에 있어서, 투영의 왜곡효과는 왜곡된 무늬로 부터 구별되어야 한다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 가우스 구상의 보이는 면, 즉 반구상에서 무늬의 국소 해석을 통하여 면방향을 구하는 근사화된 최대유사 추정법을 제시한다. 정사영과 원을 영상시스템과 무늬소로 가정하고 원의 호길이에 일정하게 존재하는 법선방향의 정사영을 통한 법선 분포의 변화로 부터 면방향을 구한다. 구해진 면의 방향은 그래디언트 공간상의 한점으로 표시한 슬랜트와 틸트로 나타낸다. 또 구해진 면방향은 바늘지도로 나타낸다. 입력 데이터로는 임의로 만든 제주도 지도와 원무늬를 사용하여 알고리듬을 적용하였다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 1996

To use effectively the solar energy in greenhouse heating, a high performance solar collector should be developed. And then the size of the solar collector and thermal storage tank should be determined through the calculation of heating load. The solar collector must be set in the optimum tilt angle and direction to take daily solar radiation maximally, and the flow rate of heat transfer fluid through the solar collector should be kept in the optimum range. In this research, the performance tests of a capillary tube solar collector were performed to determine the optimum water flow rate and the results summarized as follows. 1. The regressive equations for efficiency estimations of the capillary tube solar collector in the open loop were modeled in the water flow rate of 700-l,000 $\ell$/hr. 2. The optimum water flow rate of the solar collector was estimated by the second order polynomial regression and the maximum efficiency was 80% at the water flow rate of 850 $\ell$/hr. 3. The solar thermal storage system consisted of a capillary tube solar collector and a water storage tank was tested at the water flow rate of 850 $\ell$/hr in the closed loop, and obtained the solar thermal storage efficiency of 55.2%. 4. As the capillary tube solar collector engaged in this experiment was made of non-corrosive polyolefin tubes, its weight was as light as 1/30 of the flat plate solar collector made of copper tubes. Therefore it was considered to be suitable for the greenhouse heating system.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.145-153
• /
• 1984

본 연구에서는 먼저 집열기의 열성능에 관한 가장 전형적인 Hottel-Whillier- Bliss의 모델을 사용하여 모의 실험을 수행하였다. 모의 실험에 사용한 집열기의 주 요 변수는 덮개 유리의 수(N), 집열판의 방사율(.epsilon.$_{p}$), 집열판의 흡수율(.alpha.$_{p}$T),집열기 단위 면적당의 유량(G), 집열기 단열재의 $L_{b}$/ $K_{b}$, 집열기 경사각 (S),일사량(I) 등이며 이들 집열기 변수의 대표치(typical values)를 중심으로 각 변 수의 값을 변화시켜서 여기에 따른 집열기 효율 곡선의 변화를 조사하였다. 모의 실 험결과와 비교하고, 모의 실험에 사용한 수학적 모델이 집열기의 열성능을 평가하는 데에 적합한가를 확인하고, 운전중에 인위적으로 그 값을 조절할 수 있는 운전 변수중 특히 유량(G)의 변화에 따른 집열기 효율변화와 최적유량의 범위를 동시에 실험적으로 조사하기 위하여, 액체 가열식 집열기 시험장치의 회로를 보완하여 실제 태양 아래에 서 실험을 수행하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제41권9호
• /
• pp.799-807
• /
• 2017

본 논문은 하지부의 각 분절에 부착된 착용형 관성센서의 자세 및 각속도 정보와 하지부 기구학을 기반으로 착용자의 보행속도를 추정하는 방법에 관한 연구를 다룬다. 보행 주기 중 발바닥과 지면이 완전히 접촉되지 않는 구간에서는 골반부에 장착된 관성센서의 가속도 출력을 적분하여 보행속도를 추정할 수 있다. 이 때, 보행 시 골반부의 기울어짐으로 인하여 발생되는 가속도의 측정오차의 누적 영향을 최소화하기 위하여, 하지부 기구학을 기반으로 추정된 보행속도를 매 보행 주기마다 골반 관성센서의 가속도 출력신호 적분 초기값으로 갱신한다. 그 결과 6분 가량의 야외 보행 실험을 수행한 결과, 오차 누적에 의한 영향은 관찰되지 않았으며, 보행속도 추정 오차의 RMS는 0.08m/s 이하인 것으로 확인되었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.1368-1389
• /
• 2014

Three-dimensional multiple-input multiple-output (3D MIMO) and large-scale MIMO are two promising technologies for upcoming high data rate wireless communications, since the inter-user interference can be reduced by exploiting antenna vertical gain and degree of freedom, respectively. In this paper, we derive the achievable sum rate of 3D MIMO systems employing zero-forcing (ZF) receivers, accounting for log-normal shadowing fading, path-loss and antenna gain. In particular, we consider the prevalent log-normal model and propose a novel closed-form lower bound on the achievable sum rate exploiting elevation features. Using the lower bound as a starting point, we pursue the "large-system" analysis and derive a closed-form expression when the number of antennas grows large for fixed average transmit power and fixed total transmit power schemes. We further model a high-building with several floors. Due to the floor height, different floors correspond to different elevation angles. Therefore, the asymptotic achievable sum rate performances for each floor and the whole building considering the elevation features are analyzed and the effects of tilt angle and user distribution for both horizontal and vertical dimensions are discussed. Finally, the relationship between the achievable sum rate and the number of users is investigated and the optimal number of users to maximize the sum rate performance is determined.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제43권9호
• /
• pp.799-804
• /
• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 인공위성의 자세제어 추력기 배기가스가 태양전지판에 충돌하여 생기는 동적 영향인 교란력과 교란토크를 분석하는 것이다. 두 개의 매개변수인 태양전지판과 추력기 사이의 거리와 추력기의 경사각을 사용하는 Sweep Analysis를 실시하여 교란력과 교란토크 원(原)데이터베이스를 만들었다. 이 데이터베이스를 기반으로 이 두 개의 매개변수에 의해 달라지는 교란력과 교란토크의 특성을 기술하는 3차 다항 근사식을 만들고, 각 태양전지판의 각(角)위치에 대해 근사식의 계수들을 최종 결과로서 얻는다. 이 결과들은 자세제어계의 입력 자료로서 사용되어 추력기 배치 최적화에 사용된다. 정지궤도복합위성의 후보 태양전지판 두 종류에 이 분석을 적용하여, 교란력과 교란토크 결과를 비교 분석하였다.

• 한국자기학회지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.313-318
• /
• 1994

전자빔 증착 Co/Pt 다층박막에서 증발원자의 입사방향이 자기 및 자기광학적 성질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 조성변조 Co/Pt 다층박막을 증발원자의 입사방향이 $0^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;60^{\circ}$이 되도록 하여 전자빔 증착법으로 제조한 후 x-ray 회절실험, 주사전자현미경으로 구조분석을 하였고, VSM, torque magnetometer, Kerr loop tracer를 사용하여 자기 및 자기광학적 성질을 조사하였다. x-ray 회절실험을 통해 모든 시료가 조성변조 다층박막 구조로 만들어졌음을 확인하였고, 입사각이 증가함에 따라 주상구조의 성장방향은 기판 수직선에서 벗어나지만 <111> 결정방향은 기판 수직선 가까이에 존재함이 관찰되었다. 포화자화값 $M_{s}$, Kerr회전각 ${\theta}k$는 입사각이 증가하면 줄어들었는데 이는 박막의 밀도 감소 때문이다. 자기이방성 또한 입사각의 증가에 따라 줄어들었다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.66-76
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to asses the etlect of Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR). one of the oriental herbs having a capability to block calcium channels, on affecting vestibular compensation (VC) in Sprague - Dawley rats. Animals were divided into a drug treatment group receiving, UR per oral for 10 days preceding unilateral labyrinthectomy (ULX) and a control group with saline ingestion, To evaluate behavioral changes. horizontal spontaneous nystagmus (SN) and roll head tilt (RHT) were recorded by a video camem with zoom lens in the course of vestibular compensation (VC). Immunohistochemical staining was performed by conventional ABC method to visualize cFos-like immunoreactive (cFLI) neurons in the medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) and cFLI cells were counted by image analyzer. Bodyweight was increased significantly, about 35g, by UR treatment for 10 clays before ULX. Compared with the control group, the drug group showed significant reduction of RHT 6 hrs after ULX as well as fast disappearance of SN at early stages of vestibular compensation. Also, recovery of the spatial and temporal cFLI expressions in the bilateral MVN was accelerated 24 hrs after ULX. These results suggest that Uncaria rhynchophyila has a beneficial effect to ameliorate vestibular compensation in unilateral labryinthectomized rats.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of visual electromyography (EMG) biofeedback on the EMG activity of the lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), and upper trapezius (UT) muscles, the LT/UT and SA/UT EMG activity ratios, and the scapular upward rotation angle during scapular posterior tilting exercise (SPTE). Twenty-four subjects with round-shoulder posture participated in this study. The EMG activities of the LT, SA, and UT were collected during SPTE both without and with visual EMG biofeedback. The scapular upward rotation angle was measured at the baseline, after SPTE without visual EMG biofeedback, and after SPTE with visual EMG biofeedback. The LT, SA, and UT EMG activities, and the LT/UT and SA/UT EMG activity ratios were analyzed by paired t-test. The scapular upward rotation angle was statistically analyzed using one-way repeated analysis of variance. If a significant difference was found, a Bonferroni correction was performed (p=.05/3=.017). The EMG activities of LT and SA significantly increased, and the EMG activity of UT significantly decreased during SPTE with visual EMG biofeedback compared to SPTE without visual EMG biofeedback (p<.05). In addition, the LT/UT and SA/UT EMG activity ratios significantly increased during SPTE with visual EMG biofeedback compared to SPTE without visual EMG biofeedback (p<.05). Significant increases were found in the scapular upward rotation angle after SPTE without and with visual EMG biofeedback compared to baseline (p<.017), and no significant differences were observed in the scapular upward rotation angle between SPTE without and with visual EMG biofeedback. In conclusion, SPTE using visual EMG biofeedback may be an effective method for increasing LT and SA activities while reducing UT activity.