• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.170-179
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the sustainable agriculture of no-tillage technique to minimize tillage problems under rain interception green house condition including recycling of the ridge and the furrow for following cultivation in Korea. Chemical properties in soils were investigated at 3-years after cultivation at conventional tillage [CT; 2-years no-tillage (2009-2010) and 1-year (2011) tillage] and no-tillage [NT; 2009-2011] field. Soil pH maintained between 5.8 and 6.0 irrespectively tillage and no-tillage. Salinity (EC), contents of total nitrogen (TN), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable cations (K, Ca and Mg) in soil were remarkably higher in CT than in NT treatment. Salinity (EC), contents of OM, TN, CEC, and exchangeable cations in top soil and subsoil indicated higher deviation in CT than NT treatment. Organic matters and inorganic matters in soil were positive (+) correlation. Suppression of pepper growth and increase of yield were observed in no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil. These results indicated that no-tillage technique in crop culture could play an important role with respect to chemical properties in silt loam soil.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.326-329
• /
• 2007

Quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) has long been considered to improve our understanding of soil productivity, soil carbon dynamics, and soil quality. And also SOC could contribute as a major soil management factor for prescribing fertilizers and controlling of soil erosion and runoff. Reducing tillage intensity has been recommended to sequester SOC into soil. On the other hand, determination of traditional SOC could barely identify the tillage practices effect. Physical soil fractionation has been reported to improve interpretation of soil tillage practices impact on SOC dynamics. However, most of these researches were focused onupland soils and few researches were conducted on paddy soils. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate paddy soil tillage impact on SOC by physical soil fractionation. Soils were sampled in conventional-tillage (CT), partial-tillage (PT), no-tillage (NT), and shallow-tillage (ST)plots at the National Institute of Crop Science research farm. Samples were obtained at the three sampling depth with 7.5-cm increment from the surface and were sieved with 0.25- and 0.053-mm screen. Soil organic carbon was determined by wet combustion method. Significant difference of SOC contentwas found among sampling soil depth and soil particle size. SOC content tended to increase at the ST plot with increasing size of soil particle fraction. We conclude that quantifying soil organic carbon by physical soil particle fractionation could improve understanding of SOC dynamics by soil tillage practices.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.662-668
• /
• 2016

No-tillage dry-seeding of rice can offer potential benefits by reducing time and labor cost compared with conventional tillage practices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of no-tillage dry-seeding on rice growth and soil hardness in comparison with other rice cultivation methods, machine transplanting and wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy. The seedling stand fell within optimum range for both no-till dry-seeding and wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy. Plant height, number of tillers and SPAD values in no-tillage dry-seeding cultivation were higher than those observed in other methods. There were no significant differences in grain yield of rice among three cultivation methods. The quality characteristics of milled rice grown in no-tillage dry-seeding were similar to those grown in other cultivation methods. Soil hardness in top 10 cm depth was significantly higher in no-tillage dry-seeding than other cultivation methods, while soil hardness below 10 cm depth was highest in machine transplanting cultivation. Results indicate that no-tillage dry-seeding practice is comparable to conventional tillage system in terms of seedling establishment, growth, yield and grain quality.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.369-378
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to developed high-efficient rotary tillage system for a power tiller by improving the rotary blade. A kind of the rotary blade with single-edged blade(DS) was developed that requires lower tillage energy than conventional double-edged blade(CD) on the design theory for Japanese rotary blade. In order to find out the tillage characteristics between the single-edged blade and the double-edged blade for power tiller, experiments were performed in soil-bins which were filled up clay loam, loam and sandy loam, and then analyzed the effects of the factors such as soil texture, travelling speed, rotational speed, and tillage depth to each of the blades. And field tests were carried out to compare tillage performances of the two blades using rotary cultivator driven by conventional power tiller. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1) On the soil bin experiment, it was found that tillage torque of the single-edged blade was less than the ones of the double-edged blade. The decreasing ratios of maximum tillage torque of the single-edged blade to the ones of the double-edged blade were 1 to 8% at clay loam, 5 to 20% at loam and 9 to 31% at sandy loam, respectively. 2) By the field tests, that the tillage performances with the single-edged blade compared with the double-edged blade was improved about 19% in field capacity, about 34% in fuel consumption, and 12.5% in soil breaking ratio. Furthermore, the fluctuation of engine speed, the variation of exhaust gas temperature, and the amount of soil clogging on the blade and straw wound on the rotary shaft showed lower values with the developed blade than the conventional blade. So, it may be concluded that tillage performance by the developed single-edged blade was improved compared with the one by the conventional double-edged blade.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study has been conducted to investigate the applicability of motion analysis of tillage blade for estimation of tillage characteristics of crank-type and rotary-type rotavators. Methods: The interrelation between tillage traces from motion analysis and field test results including rotavating depth, pulverizing ratio and inversion ratio at the same work conditions were analyzed for both crank-type and rotary-type rotavators. The work conditions include working speed of prime mover tractor and PTO speed of rotavators. For the motion analysis, joint conditions of main connecting component were specified considering the actual working mechanism of rotavator. Results: There were important correlations for the trend between motion analysis and field test results. Conclusions: Although further study is needed for applying motion analysis to estimate the accurate tillage related parameters such as rotavating depth, the soil pulverizing ratio and inversion ratio, it could be used to compare the tillage characteristics of various rotavators quickly and simply.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.208-208
• /
• 2017

No-tillage practices are expected to provide several benefits such as increasing soil organic matter, reducing labor time and saving energy cost compared with conventional tillage practices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of no-tillage dry-seeding on rice growth and soil properties in comparison with other rice cultivation methods, machine transplanting and wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy. Rice seedling establishment was slightly higher in no-tillage dry-seeding treatment ($145seedling\;m^{-2}$) than wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy treatment ($111seedling\;m^{-2}$), but the seedling establishment in both treatments fell within the optimum range for direct seeding rice cultivation. Plant height, number of tillers and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of rice in no-tillage dry-seeding treatment were higher than those of the other treatments. However, no significant differences in grain yield was observed among three cultivation methods, and the yield ranged 5.8 to $5.9ton\;ha^{-1}$. The heading date from seeding under no-tillage dry-seeding treatment was on average 109 days, which was similar to that under machine transplanting treatment (112 days), but 10 days later than that under wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy treatment (99 days). Grain quality characteristics grown in no-tillage dry-seeding were similar to those grown in the other cultivation methods. These results indicate that no-tillage dry-seeding practice is comparable to conventional tillage system in terms of seedling establishment, growth, yields and grain quality.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 2007

In the study, the cone index, the cohesion and the internal friction angle of soil were measured before and after tillage in order to suggest relative improvement in soil properties by comparing the two measured values before and after tillage. The tillage methods tested in the study were five combinations of plowing and rotovating; one plow tillage operation, one plow followed by one rotary, one plow followed by two rotary, one rotary without plow and two rotary without plow. The experiments were performed in a soil bin in Sunggyunkwan Univ. and in four selected test fields in Yeoju, Seodun-Dong, Suwon (especially, two different fields) and Chungju. In general, the internal friction angle and cohesion of soil increased with the increase of soil compaction. After applying the tillage operations, the internal friction angle reduced by 14 degree and the cohesion decreased up to about $2.2N/cm^2$ on the soil bin in comparison with those before tillage. The two values, however, reduced by 9 degree and up to about $1.0N/cm^2$ on the tested fields. The CIs for all the tillage operations on the soil bin and on 4 different test fields were decreased by 800 kPa in comparison with those before tillage. The best combination of tillage operations for decreasing the CIs of soil was one plow operation followed by one rotary. The CIs for one plow operation followed by two rotary were slightly higher than that for one plow operation followed by one rotary because one plow operation followed by two rotary crushed down the soil excessively, so that the porosity of soil decreased.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 1996

" Row -Zone Tillage" systems apply tillage procedures only to narrow strips of land where the next crop rows will be planted. The tilled zones are no more than 25% of the field area. Row-zone tillage procedures of crop production are conservative, where in the soil remains partially covered with protective residues while crops are planted , fertilized , grown , and harvested in the row-zones. Specially adapted implements are being developed for these operations. There is potential for minimizing farm machinery inventories. Limited crop response data are available from Canada and the USA.d the USA.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.781-796
• /
• 2015

시설채소 무경운 유기재배와 분할관수 효과를 구명하고자 시험을 수행한 결과 1회 전량 관수한 경운재배 토양의 수분함량은 30 cm 깊이까지 관수개시 후 급격하게 증가 후 다음 관수 직전까지 계속하여 감소되었다. 경운 토양의 수분함량 편차는 토양이 깊어질수록 감소되었다. 1회 전량 관수한 무경운 토양 표토와 지하 20 cm 깊이의 수분함량은 해가 뜨기 시작하면 증가되고 야간에는 감소되는 증발산에 의한 주기적인 일변화를 보였다. 그리고 2회 분할 관수한 경운 표토와 무경운 표토와 지하 20 cm 깊이까지의 수분함량은 증발산에 의한 주기적인 일변화를 나타내었다. 토양의 염류농도는 관수 후 증가되기 시작하여 다음 관수 직전까지 계속하여 감소되었으며, 토양이 깊어질수록 염류농도 증가 시간은 지연되었다. 무경운 표토의 염류농도 오전 11시부터 정오 12시 사이에 증가되기 시작하여 오후 2~6시경을 정점으로 1일 1회 증가와 감소되는 증발산작용에 의한 일변화를 보였다. 30 cm 깊이의 무경운 토양에서는 염류농도의 일변화가 측정되지 않았다. 토양수분 함량과 염류농도는 경운방법에 관계없이 정(+)의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 무경운 토양에서 재배된 고추의 생육은 경운 토양에서 재배된 고추에 비하여 생육이 억제되는 경향을 보였다. 경운방법에 관계없이 50%씩 2회 분할 관수한 토양에서 재배된 고추는 1회 전량관수에 비하여 주지의 길이와 경경 등 생육이 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 고추의 수확과수는 1회 전량관수에 비하여 2회 분할 관수가 경운과 무경운 처리에서 각각 49%와 47% 정도 현저하게 증가되었다. 고추 수량은 무경운 재배가 관행 경운재배에 비하여 8% 정도 증수되었다. 2회 분할관수의 고추 수량이 1회 전량관수에 비하여 수확과수의 증가로 경운 재배에서는 36%, 무경운 재배에서는 39% 정도 현저하게 증수되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.285-292
• /
• 2008

벼 수확 후 돈분액비 시용 논에서 경운방법에 따른 청보리 재배시 생육 및 토양영향을 평가하고자 2004년 10월부터 2006년 5월까지 2년에 걸쳐 지산통에서 액비 무시용과 화학비료 표준시비량에 대한 N100%, 150%, 100+50%, 200%를 시용하고 무경운, 무경운 + 볏짚피복 및 로타리경운 후 휴립광산파 하였다. 토양화학성 변화, 토양 중 무기태질소 함량, 유거수 중 화학성분, 사료가치 및 수량성 등을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 액비 시용 후 시간별 암모니아 가스 방출량은 액비 시용량이 많을수록 높았으며 볏짚피복 및 로타리 처리로 현저히 감소되는 경향을 나타냈다. 토양화학성 변화는 액비 시용량이 많을수록 pH, EC, CEC가 높아지고 유기물, 유효인산 및 치환성양 이온 함량이 증가되었으며, 무경운 + 볏짚피복구에서 크게 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 토양 중 $NH_4-N$, $NO_3-N$ 함량은 액비시용량이 많을수록, 무경운+볏짚 피복구 > 로타리경운구 > 무경운구 순으로 많았으며 수확기에는 낮아지는 경향을 나타냈다. 표면 유거수 중 무기성분 유실량은 무경운구 > 로타리경운구 > 무경운+볏짚피복구 순으로, 액비시용량이 많을수록 증가되었고 SO4, $NO_3-N$, K 성분이 많이 용탈되는 경향을 나타냈다. 청보리 건물수량은 무경운 N100%($1,185kg\;10a^{-1}$) 대비 무경운+볏짚피복구 N100%+50%, N200% 및 로타리경운구 N200%에서 49% 증수되었다. 청보리에 대한 사료가치 중 조단백질 함량은 로타리경운구 N150%가 9.7%, ADF 함량은 로타리경운구 N150%가 29.4%, NDF 함량은 무경운+볏짚피복구 N150%가 56.7%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 답리작 청보리 재배시 안전생산을 위한 돈분액비 시용량은 볏짚을 전량 환원 후 액비 기비N100%를 살포하고 로타리경운하여 1.5 m 간격으로 휴립광산파 재배하면 관행(NPK) 수준의 수량을 얻을 수 있으며 지하수 및 하천오염을 경감할 수 있다.