• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.662-668
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• 1997

Linoleic acid(LA) was examined to evaluate its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for MG-63 human osteosarcoma and AZ-521 gastric cancer cells. The treatment of LA(0.005% for 6 days) to the MG-63 and AZ-521 cancer cells inhibited growth of the cancer cells by 54% and 52%, respectively as compared to that of the controls. It also exhibited that LA with 0.01% concentration decreased the [$^3$H] thymidine incorporation by more than 90% in the both cancer cells. In additions we observed morphological changes in MG-63 and AZ-521 cells under inverted microscope, and the changes in membrane fatty acid compositions of the cancer cells when LA was added at the level of 0.005%. The treatment with LA revealed that the contents of 16:0 and 18:0 decreased significantly, but fatty acids that C numbers are more than 20 and unsaturated(20:4, 22:6, and 24:4) increased, concomitantly the morphological changes of the cells were observed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.554-559
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• 1991

The photophysical and photochemical properties of khellin were compared with those of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP). Quantum yields of fluorescence and triplet formation decreases as solvent polarity increases, which is opposite to 8-MOP, and photocycloadditivity of khellin to olefins is much lower than that of 8-MOP. Electron ejection from khellin by laser flash was not observed, but observed from 8-MOP. As models of 4',5'-monoadducts of khellin or 8-MOP with thymine base, khellin<>dimethylfumarate 4',5'-monoadduct (KDF) was also compared with 8-MOP<>thymidine 4',5'-monoadduct (F-2) in those properties to give some insight on the second-step biadduct formation resulting in cross-links of DNA duplex. KDF and F-2 were very similar to khellin and 8-MOP in photophysical properties, respectively. However, KDF did not form adducts with various olefins, and thus it is thought that 2,3-double bond of chromone moiety in khellin is hardly reactive in contrast with 3,4-double bond of coumarin moiety in 8-MOP. These results indicate that khellin is fairly photostable compound, a poor type Ⅰ photodynamic sensitizer and producer of ${O_2}^{-}$ which is some cause of phototoxic erythemal reactions and undesirable side effects. Therefore khellin is safer to use than 8-MOP in photochemotherapy of some skin diseases. Although khellin is much less reactive than 8-MOP, khellin must be also a monofunctional drug. Since khellin is, however, as effective as 8-MOP in photochemotherapy of some skin diseases, it is suggested that khellin may be different from 8-MOP in the action mechanism.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2021

To understand the temporal variation of prokaryotic communities in a temperate coastal area, prokaryotic abundance, activity, and community composition were investigated every week for over a year at a coastal monitoring station of Yeong-do, Busan. The prokaryotic abundances fluctuated about 10 times, ranging from 2.0 to 20.1 × 10⁵ cells mL^-1 and tended to be high in spring when phytoplankton bloom occurred. The prokaryotic thymidine incorporation rates (TTI) varied in a low range between 0.2 and 11.5 pmol L^-1 h^-1 in winter. However, in summer, TTI were increased up to a range of 8.3 to 17.4 pmol L^-1 h^-1, showing an increasing pattern in summer. During the study period, Alphaproteobacteria was the most dominant class for most of the year, followed by Flavobacteria. While the seasonal variation of prokaryotic composition was not apparent at the class level, many prokaryotic species showed a distinct temporal or seasonal variation for the year. In the coastal site, prokaryotic biomass and activity did not show significant correlations with temperature and chlorophyll-a, which are well known to regulate prokaryotic growth in marine environments, suggesting that the study area may be affected by diverse sources of organic matter for their growth.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.615-620
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• 2022

The murine leukemia virus-based semi-retroviral replicating vectors (MuLV-based sRRV) had been developed to improve safety and transgene capacity for cancer gene therapy. However, despite the apparent advantages of the sRRV, improvements in the in vivo transduction efficiency are still required to deliver therapeutic genes efficiently for clinical use. In this study, we established a gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV) envelope-pseudotyped semi-replication-competent retrovirus vector system (spRRV) which is composed of two transcomplementing replication-defective retroviral vectors termed MuLV-Gag-Pol and GaLV-Env. We found that the spRRV shows considerable improvement in efficiencies of gene transfer and spreading in both human glioblastoma cells and pre-established human glioblastoma mouse model compared with an sRRV system. When treated with ganciclovir after intratumoral injection of each vector system into pre-established U-87 MG glioblastomas, the group of mice injected with spRRV expressing the herpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) gene showed a survival rate of 100% for more than 150 days, but all control groups of mice (HSV1-tk/PBS-treated and GFP/GCV-treated groups) died within 45 days after tumor injection. In conclusion, these findings sug-gest that intratumoral delivery of the HSV1-tk gene by the spRRV system is worthy of development in clinical trials for the treatment of malignant solid tumors.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.18.1-18.10
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• 2022

Background: Canine herpesvirus type 1 (CaHV-1) infects dogs and is associated with neonatal deaths and reproductive, ocular, neurological, and respiratory problems. In Brazil, reports of CaHV-1 have been restricted to the southeast and south regions, particularly in municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Objectives: To assess the presence and variability of CaHV-1 in canine populations in the state of Pará, North Brazil. Methods: Biological samples from 159 dogs from 4 municipalities in the State of Pará were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analyses, with the target being the viral enzyme, thymidine kinase. Results: CaHV-1 was detected in 13 dogs (8.2%), with 2 animals being from the municipality of Santa Bárbara do Pará, 8 from Algodoal Island, 2 from Salinópolis, and one from Capanema. The study sequences revealed 100% identity among themselves and 64% to 100% identity with the other nucleotide sequences from Australia, Brazil, United Kingdom, and United States, including 100% identity with the 2002 isolate from Australia. The 1996 isolate from France was grouped in a branch that was different from the sequence of this study. Conclusions: This study presents the first molecular detection of CaHV-1 in dogs from the Amazon region in northern Brazil. The nucleotide identity between the strains and cytosine insertion in the sequences isolated in this study suggests at least 2 strains of CaHV-1 circulating in Brazil (Pará and BTU-1).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 2003

Purpose: The human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, K562, expresses the chimeric bcr-abl oncoprotein, whose deregulated protein tyrosine kinase activity antagonizes via DNA damaging agents. Previous experiments have shown that nanomolar concentrations of herbimycin A (HWA) coupled with X-irradiation have a synergistic effect in inducing apoptosis in the Ph-positive K562 leukemia cell line, but genistein, a PTK inhibitor, is non selective for the radiation-induced apoptosils on $p210^{bcr/abl}$ protected K562 cells. In these experiments, the cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways, the Induction on a number of transcription factors and the differential gene expression in this model were investigated. Materials and Methids: K562 cells in the exponential growth phase were used in this study. The cells were irradiated with 0.5-12 Gy, using a 6 Mev Linac (Clinac 1800, Varian, USA). Immediately after irradiation, the cells were treated with $0.25/muM$ of HMA and $25/muM$ of genistein, and the expressions and the activities of abl kinase, MAPK family, NF- kB, c-fos, c-myc, and thymidine kinase1 (TK1) were examined. The differential gene expressions induced by PTK inhibitors were also investigated. Results: The modulating effects of herbimycin A and genistein on the radiosensitivity of K562 cells were not related to the bcr-abl kinase activity. The signaling responses through the MAPK family of proteins, were not involved either in association with the radiation-induced apoptosis, which is accelerated by HMA, the expression of c-myc was increased. The combined treatment of genistein, with irradiation, enhanced NF- kB activity and the TK1 expression and activity. Conclusion: The effects of HMA and genistein on the radiosensitivity on the K562 cells were not related to the bcr-abl kinase activity in this study, another signaling pathway, besides the WAPK family responses to radiation to K562 cells, was found. Further evaluation using this model will provide valuable information for the optional radiosensitization or radioprotection.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.79-116
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• 2000

The KGBT has been used to weak children with anorexia, fatigue, and growth retardation. This study was carried out to prove the effects of the hematopoiesis and the immune proliferation by KGBT. Previously, C57BL/6 mice was treated with cyclophosphamide(100mg/kg) for leukopenia, and then administered KGBT (concentration is 1.37 g/kg, 504 mg/kg, and 137 mg/kg) to the treated mice. The mice was analyzed expression of thrombopoietin(TPO), stem cell factor(SCF) and interleukin-3 from bone marrow cell, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon-$ {\gamma}$(INF-${\gamma}$) from splenic cell, and NOSⅡ gene from macrophage using by RT-PCR. Also proliferation of immune cell was analyzed using 3H-thymidine uptake and flow cytometery in splenic cells. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. The total number of WBC, RBC and PLT was increased in the KGBT treated group than in the control group. 2. In vitro, the proliferation of splenic cells was increased in normal, control, and KGBT treated group. And Administration of KGBT was reduced the cytotoxicity by CTX. 3. In bone marrow cell, the gene expression of immune regulatory factor that associated with hematopoiesis, such as TPO, SCF, and IL-13 was increased in the KGBT treated group than control. 4 The titer of hemagglutinin and hemolysin was increased in the KGBT treated group than control. 5. In analysis of positive leucocytes from splenic cell of BALB/c mice, the subpopulation percent of CD4+, CD8+,and CD19+ was increased in the KGBT treated group than control. The KGBT has been used to weak children with anorexia, fatigue, and growth retardation. This study was carried out to prove the effects of the hematopoiesis and the immune proliferation by KGBT. Previously, C57BL/6 mice was treated with cyclophosphamide(100mg/kg) for leukopenia, and then administered KGBT (concentration is 1.37 g/kg, 504 mg/kg, and 137 mg/kg) to the treated mice. The mice was analyzed expression of thrombopoietin(TPO), stem cell factor(SCF) and interleukin-3 from bone marrow cell, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon-$ {\gamma}$(INF-${\gamma}$) from splenic cell, and NOSⅡ gene from macrophage using by RT-PCR. Also proliferation of immune cell was analyzed using 3H-thymidine uptake and flow cytometery in splenic cells. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. The total number of WBC, RBC and PLT was increased in the KGBT treated group than in the control group. 2. In vitro, the proliferation of splenic cells was increased in normal, control, and KGBT treated group. And Administration of KGBT was reduced the cytotoxicity by CTX. 3. In bone marrow cell, the gene expression of immune regulatory factor that associated with hematopoiesis, such as TPO, SCF, and IL-13 was increased in the KGBT treated group than control. 4 The titer of hemagglutinin and hemolysin was increased in the KGBT treated group than control. 5. In analysis of positive leucocytes from splenic cell of BALB/c mice, the subpopulation percent of CD4+, CD8+,and CD19+ was increased in the KGBT treated group than control. 6. The expression of IL-10 gene was reduced in the KGBT treated group than control, whereas the expression of INF-${\gamma}$ was increased in the KGBT treated group. 7. In macrophage, the production of NO and gene expression of NOSH was increased in the KGBT treated group than control. 8. After infection of EMC virus, the survival time of infected mice was longer in the KGBT treated group than control.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.541-547
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• 2003

Purpose : Gap junction intercellular communication(GJIC) is an important mechanism of the bystander effect in herpes simplex thymidine kinase/ganciclovir(HSVtk/GCV) gene therapy Therefore, we attempted to enhance the bystander effect in vitro by exogenous overexpressing connexin 37(Cx37) in cells to increase GJIC. Methods : NIH3T3 cells were transfected with the Cx37 and HSVtk gene or the HSVtk gene alone by the calcium phosphate method, and we detected their expression from these cells by RT-PCR. GCV-mediated cytotoxicity and the bystander effect of each transfectant was then assessed and compared. Results : Cells transfected with HSVtk became sensitive to low concentration of GCV. We found significantly increased cytotoxicity in HSVtk/GCV gene therapy after introduction of the HSVtk and Cx37 genes together compared with the cytotoxicity seen after introduction of the HSVtk gene in vitro. Co-expression of the HSVtk and Cx37 genes potentiates HSVtk/GCV gene therapy through the bystander effect. Conclusion : These results indicated that the increase of GJIC using Cx37 have potentiated the bystander effect of HSVtk/GCV therapy, and may be a new approach to improve response in suicidal cancer gene therapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.618-628
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• 1999

Background: Cell growth is a balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I), which binds IGF-I receptor(IGF-IR), mediates cellular proliferation as a potent mitogen. IGF binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) as a circulating major IGFBP can inhibit or enhance the effects of IGF-I on cellular growth by binding IGFs. Methods: We investigated the expressions of mRNA of IGF-I and IGF-IR by northern blot and phosphorylation of IGF-IR with the treatment of IGF-I by western blot in 3T3 fibroblast cells. The cellular proliferations of 3T3 cells with the treatments of IGF-I were evaluated using $^3H$-thymidine incorporation and MTT assay. Also to observe the effect of IGFBP-3 on cellular proliferation, 3T3 cells were treated with anti-IGFBP-3 and ${\alpha}IR_3$(monoclonal antibody to IGF-IR) alone or in combination. Results: Our results demonstrated that 3T3 cells showed mRNA expressions of IGF-I and IGF-IR and the IGF-I increased phosphorylation of IGF-IR. The treatments of 3T3 cells with IGF-I increased cellular proliferation in 5 % and 1 % seruma-containing media, not in serum-free media. The addition of anti-IGFBP-3 to neutralize IGFBP-3 showed 2-fold increase of cellular proliferation, and also co-incubation of anti-IGFBP-3 and ${\alpha}IR_3$ together showed similar increase of cellular proliferation in 3T3 cells. Interestingly, when the cells were pretreated with ${\alpha}IR_3$ for 4 hr, prior to the simultaneous addition of ${\alpha}IR_3$ and anti-IGFBP-3, anti-IGFBP-3-mediated cellular proliferation was decreased to control level. All of these results suggest that free IGF-I released from IGF-I/IGFBP-3 complex would be involved in the cellular proliferation. Conclusion: IGF-I is a mitogen through the activation of IGF-IR in 3T3 cells, and IGFBP-3 could be a potent inhibitor for IGF-I action by binding IGF-I.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.92-100
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• 1997

Distribution of bacterial abundance and production was investigated during October, 1995-August, 1996 in Lake Shiwha constructed artificially in 1994. Its water column was distinguished by two layers: the brackish surface layer with salinity ranged from 6 to 20‰ and the saline hypoxic/anoxic bottom layer with salinity of 17 to 27‰ Except for samples collected in March, 1996 (on average 13 ${\mu}g\;l^{-1}$), chlorophyll a concentration ranged from 27.6 to 249.5 ${\mu}g\;l^{-1}$ in the euphotic zone, indicating the hypertrophic condition of Lake Shiwha during most of the studied period. In this study, bacterial productions measured by $^3H$-thymidine incorporation method were similar to those by $^{14}C$-leucine incorporation method. In hypertrophic, surface waters of Lake Shiwha, bacterial abundance and production ranged from 1.4 to $19.5{\times}10^9\;cells\;l^{-1}$ and from 1.6 to $126.5{\times}10^7\;cells\;l^{-1}\;h^{-1}$ respectively; 2 to 4 fold and 2 to 30 fold higher than those in eutrophic coastal waters outside of Lake Shiwha, respectively. Turnover times of bacterial community in the surface layer of Lake Shiwha ranged from 0.2 to 8.9 day, indicating that bacteria in the lake seemed to adapt to the hypertrophic condition. In the hypoxic bottom layer, bacterial abundance and production was up to 3 fold and 20 fold lower than those in the surface layer, and showed slow bacterial growth. Significant correlations between the bacterial abundance, production, and community turnover time with water temperature indicate water temperature was the important factor controlling distribution and growth of bacteria. However, during summer season, bacterial production seemed to be regulated by supply of substrates.