• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.117-124
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• 2009

To inspect the quality of data collected from a large-scale body measurement and investigation project, it is necessary to establish a proper data editing process. The three-dimensional body measurement may have measuring errors caused from measurer's proficiency or changes in the subject's posture. And it may also have errors caused in the process of algorithm expressing the information obtained from the three-dimensional scanner into numerical values, and in the course of data-processing dealing with numerous data for individuals. When those errors are found, the quality of the measured data is deteriorated, and they consequently reduce the quality of statistics which was conducted on the basis of it. Therefore this study intends to suggest a new way to improve the quality of the data collected from the three-dimensional body measurement by proposing a working procedure identifying data errors and correcting them from the whole data processing procedure-collecting, processing, and analyzing- of the 2004 Size Korea Three-dimensional Body Measurement Project. This study was carried out into three stages: Firstly, we detected erroneous data by examining of logical relations among variables under each edit rule. Secondly, we detected suspicious data through independent examination of individual variable value by sex and age. Finally, we examined scatter-plot matrix of many variables to consider the relationships among them. This simple graphical tool helps us to find out whether some suspicious data exist in the data set or not. As a result of this study, we detected some erroneous data included in the raw data. We figured out that the main errors are not because of the system errors that the three-dimensional body measurement system has but because of the subject's original three-dimensional shape data. Therefore by correcting some erroneous data, we have enhanced data quality.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.537-549
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• 2017

In this study, the turbulent flow around a bluff body for different wind velocities was investigated numerically by using its two- and three-dimensional models. These models were tested to verify the validity of the simulation by being compared with experimental results which were taken from the literature. Variations of non-dimensional velocities in different positions according to the bluff body height were analysed and illustrated graphically. When the velocity distributions were examined, it was seen that the results of both two- and three-dimensional models agree with the experimental data. It was also seen that the velocities obtained from two-dimensional model matched up with the experimental data from the ground to the top of the bluff body. Particularly, compared to the front part of the bluff body, results of the upper and back part of the bluff body are better. Moreover, after comparing the results from calculations by using different models with experimental data, the effect of multidimensional models on the obtained results have been analysed for different inlet velocities. The calculation results from the two-dimensional (2D) model are in satisfactory agreement with the calculation results of the three-dimensional model (3D) for various flow situations when comparing with the experimental data from the literature even though the 3D model gives better solutions.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.443-450
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• 2022

This study developed a three-dimensional helmet mold design software that can design helmets for treating the infant plagiocephaly (flat head syndrome) using three-dimensional head scan data. For this, the three-dimensional head data of sixth SizeKorea body measurement project as well as the data produced by a head modeling software were used to prepare the head shape data of plagiocephaly patients. A total of 14 landmarks and 10 dimensions of heads required for helmet mold shape design and plagiocephaly diagnosis were automatically measured using an anthropometric analysis software. Using the software developed in this study, plagiocephaly can be diagnosed not only visually by three-dimensional head data visualization but also quantitatively by calculating the medically defined indices such as cranial index, which measures the proportions of the head, and the cranial vault asymmetry index, which measures the asymmetry of the head. The basic shape of the helmet mold was automatically generated based on the head scan data. Additionally, it is possible to fine tune the shape of the mold to reflect individual characteristics by using a free form deformation technique. Finally, the designed helmet mold was converted into the data that can be printed on a three-dimensional printer for generating the actual prototype.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.5 s.95
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• pp.55-64
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• 2005

The concern with three-dimensional measurement has been growing in recent years. And over the last few years, several studies have been made on three-dimensional measurement. Some of the studies using a three-dimensional measurement have focused on type of form of human body and evaluation of fitness. But there has been no study about applications of three-dimensional measurement system for shape analysis. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate about application of three-dimensional mea-surement system lot shape analysis. The instrument and tools for three-dimensional measurement was Whole Body 3D scanner(model name: Exyma-WBS2H). Analysis program used in experiment is Rapid Form 2004 PPI (INUS technology, Int, Korea). The following results were obtained; 1. The point data using three-dimensional measurement system built 3D model. 2. The three-dimensional data were used to analyze length and curvature of shape. 3. The shape using three-dimensional measurement system could be used in variety field.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.94.5-94
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• 2001

Unrestricted measurement method of three-dimensional walking distance utilizing body acceleration and terrestrial magnetism is discussed. The three-dimensional walking distance is derived by the integration of the three dimensional acceleration of foot during swing phase. Since the sensor system attached on the foot rotates during swing phase, the acceleration data measured on the foot include acceleration of gravity which causes inaccurate calculation of the velocity and the distance. Three gyros are used to compensate the rotation of the sensor system. Moreover, one geomagnetic sensor is employed to derive the heading direction of the subject Healthy volunteers performed ...

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.495-503
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• 2020

This study classified lower body shape according to thigh and waist shape to improve the fit of skinny blue jeans in adult women in their 20s. We analyzed the three-dimensional automatic measurement data, three-dimensional indirect measurement data, and index data using the three-dimensional female (20-29 years old) body scan data provided by Size Korea (6^th Korean Human Dimensional Survey Project). Factor analysis was performed to classify body type. We selected and analyzed 34 items related to thigh shape based on index items, angle items, and protrusion amount items from 99 items; consequently, seven factors were extracted and 82.39% of the total variance was explained. Cluster analysis according to factor analysis classified it into 4 types, and a post-test Duncan test was conducted to classify thigh features according to classified types. As a result, the characteristics of lower body shape according to the thigh types of women in their 20s are as follows. Lower Body Type 1 is shape with a more prominent belly and less prominent thighs. Lower Body Type 2 is a slender body figure with larger hips. Lower Body Type 3 has more prominent thighs compared to the waist and belly. Lower Body Type 4 has both a prominent belly and prominent thighs.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1197-1208
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• 2014

The problem of the oblique water entry of a three dimensional body is considered. Wagner theory is the theoretical framework. Applications are discussed for an elliptic paraboloid entering an initially flat free surface. A dedicated experimental campaign yields a data base for comparisons. In the present analysis, pressure, force and dynamics of the wetted surface expansion are assessed.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.713-720
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to propose the method reproducing three dimensional figure data to a reconstructed body by the styrofoam board. To make the reconstructed body, the 3D figure data were rotated to make symmetry and the surfaces were edited. The horizontal curves were gathered equally-spaced based on the waist horizontal plane. we proposed the process to cut the styrofoam board according to the horizontal curves, to assemble them to organize the shape of the body figure and to coat the surface with the knitted. The 3-dimensional figure data of straight type, swayback type, lean-back type and bend-forward type were selected and the reconstructed bodies were made as above. And the compatibility was verified by the measurement comparison and deviations between 3-dimensional figure data and reconstructed body.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to suggest computer assisted neck-base's landmark identification algorithms and measurement extraction methods from three-dimensional human scan data. So we developed the algorithms for automatic identification of landmarks related to the neck-base types. The subjects were 58 women $18{\sim}24$ years of age. Their body were measured directly and indirectly by using camera and three-dimensional body scanner. They were measured during the months of October in 2001. Based on the characters of classified neck-base types, algorithms for the automatic identification of landmarks and methods of automatic measurement are developed. The three-dimensional automatic measuring program is made by $C^{++}$ language. Using this program, 4 landmarks are identified and 6 items are measured. In the verifying the precision of automatic measurement, the height measurements(cervicale, side neck point, front neck point) were relatively accurate, but neck-base width measurement was measured wide.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to extract typical body shapes of Korean adults based on the three-dimensional Korean anthropometric data measured through 5th national anthropometric survey and to examine the suitability of the 3-D human shape data for the interior packaging. 36 three-dimensional anthropometric variables related to the design of vehicle interior were considered for the appraisal of typical body shapes. Four major factors were extracted by the factor analysis and factor scores were calculated for all subjects. Typical or standard drivers of Korean adults were selected by the minimum deviation criteria for the four factor scores with respect to 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles, respectively. Typical drivers of Korean adults were visualized by the CATIA-HUMAN program due to the absence of proper application software for three-dimensionally scanned human body data. There are considerable differences between the anthropometric data of Korean adults and those provided by CATIA-HUMAN program, which shows that the modeling data provided by CATIA-HUMAN should not be directly applied to the ergonomic evaluation for the vehicle design. This suggests the necessity for the development of suitable software for scanned human shape data. It is also expected that the anthropometric data of typical drivers extracted from this study help design package layouts and improve the suitability of ergonomic evaluation for Korean customers.