• 아동학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to examine the prospective links among perspective taking, attachment security, and executive function and the mediating role of executive function on the relationship between attachment security and perspective taking. Methods: The participants included 147 preschoolers living in Gyeonggi. The data-analysis methods included descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVAs, Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, and the Sobel test. Results: First, preschoolers' perspective taking was significantly related to attachment security, and executive function. Furthermore, there was a significant association between attachment security and executive function. As expected, the correlations were positive in all cases. Second, the effects of attachment security on intention and emotion perspective takings were fully mediated by executive function when holding children's age and vocabulary constant. However, executive function did not predict thought perspective taking, whereas attachment security did. Conclusion: Given that parent-child attachment security might play an important role in child cognitive and socio-cognitive development, parents' endeavors to enhance the quality of the attachment relationship could be a fruitful path for preschoolers' developing executive capacities and perspective taking.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-61
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• 2020

The Chinese Communist Party's 'with-Chinese-characteristics' discourse proclaims its superiority in reflecting people's genuine needs without poisonous partisan politics, as in Western democracies. The Party's Consultative Democracy is key to this superiority. To evaluate Consultative Democracy in Contemporary China from a perspective of popular sovereignty, which is the essential purpose of every kinds of democracy, this research looks into Consultative Democracy from two dimensions: theoretical dimension and institutional dimension. Theoretically, CCP's Consultative Democracy seeks its theoretical sources from their traditional thought as well as from Marxism, and especially emphasizes CCP's leadership to fulfill the consultation results. And through the analysis of various field investigations, we find that there are some prominent problems in grass-roots society's institutional mechanism for Consultative Democracy, such as insufficient connection between institutional innovation and existing legal system, inefficient consultation, insufficient representation of consultative subjects and weak motive force for sustainable development. By legitimizing certain groups or individuals as representatives in their consultative process, CCP can be de-legitimize by containing, dividing or denouncing others so that critics can be co-opted, neutralized or isolated. The CCP's consultative and representational processes are different from taking policy inputs as dialogue or negotiation as in democracies, it is a dynamic, largely one-way process of enforcement and direction with a clear political agenda: maintaining Party hegemony.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.855-863
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• 2012

The organic and holistic recognition method about nature in east asian philosophy is also applied to the study of the human body in Korean medicine. In Korean medicine, the human body is being understood from a holistic point of view rather than a mechanical or reductive one. The main east asian philosophies are the heavens thought and the Yin-yang/Five Phase Theory. This study will explore the influence the general flow of heavens thought has on explaining the human body in Korean medicine and the formation of how the human body is perceived in "Huangdineijing"(黃帝內經). First, the primitive meaning of heaven was developed to include the natural heaven of Xia (夏), the lord heaven of Shang(商) and the moral heaven of Zhou(周) dynasties. Among these, the natural heaven notion of the Xia(夏) dynasty which recognized heaven as the one with the power to create everything. This was followed by Taoism which established the contrasting system of heaven and earth. Based on this, "Huangdineijing"(黃帝 內經) developed the perception of the human body, taking into account, heaven as the original substance to generate the human body through the mutual sympathy between heavenly energy and earthly form. The perspective of the correspondence between nature and human in "Huainantzu"(淮南子) and "L$\breve{u}$shichunqiu"(呂氏春秋) was succeeded by Tung Chung-Shu(董仲舒). Based on this development, the perception of the human body in "Huangdineijing"(黃帝內經) is related to the seasonal cycle and the notion of night and day to balance the physiology of the human body. It recognizes that its structure, shape, emotional state and physiological actions are correlated with heaven.

• 중국학논총
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• 제72호
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• pp.201-222
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• 2021

By analyzing the film context and taking the film "Blind Mountain", which adapted from a real event in China, as a template, this article aims to analyze the relationship between this type of film and the society from the characteristics of the film adapted from the real event and the relationship with the society after being adapted to films. From the perspective of characteristics, the author also analyzed that firstly, the interactive relationship of presentation is the film's exposure of the real "ugliness" and the perception of "beauty" in the real society. Secondly, the supporting interactive relationship not only enriches the social experience of film creators, but also enhances the film's ability to re-news. Thirdly, the pressure-type interaction is not only to regulate the power of social behavior, but also to promote the intangibility of social thought.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Thought-action fusion (TAF) is a tendency to blindly assume causal relations between their thoughts and external reality. On the other hand, cognitive fusion (CF) is a tendency to take internal experiences, such as thoughts and feeling, literally rather than view them as random events. However, these two terms are often confusedly used and, in fact, have conceptual overlaps. Therefore, this study aimed to identify their distinctive features through a comprehensive review of the definition, origin, measurements and clinical implications especially on the understanding of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The cognitive-behavioral concept of TAF is confined to erroneous and maladaptive beliefs about the connection between thoughts and behaviors. The CF is a broader construct that entails taking thoughts and feelings as facts and engaging or struggling with them such that the quality of life is lowered. They also have different theoretical backgrounds, developing processes and therapeutic approaches. From the perspective of the obsessive-compulsive disorder, both concepts have been studied as mid-structures for this illness. Recently, the effectiveness of psychological therapies related to these concepts such as defusion therapy has been tested. However, it is yet still in its infancy. In the future, complementary advances between the two concepts with studies on biological substrates is needed.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2001

School food service must be operated as the part of the education. But it seems that it is not to be considered as an important educational field from the perspective of educational administration. This study was conducted to suggest the effective plan to improve the quality of the school food service system. Questionaries were distributed to 51 administrators and 85 dieticians of primary schools in Incheon area from Aug 7th to Aug 31st 2000. Drawbacks of school food service system cited from the survey results were insufficient support from the authorities both in policy and in budget and shortage of specialists for food service administration. Both dieticians and administrators acknowledged that available facilities required for the school food service were insufficient. 85.9% of dietition and 51.0% of administrators thought dietition of school food service to be suitable for nutrition education. For effective nutrition education, they suggest to have teachers taking in charge of nutrition education, to have teaching system related with school food service and to develope visual auditorial teaching material. For improvement of the quality of school food service, it is necessary to acquire sufficient budget and political support from the government and to have specialists for food service administration. And regulations promoting dieticians to be teachers of nutrition education is required to be introduced in the near future.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2000

The patient, 62-years-old woman, had a constant dull pain in the right mandible and an intermittent spontaneous burning sensation of the mouth. The pain began 6 months ago. About 5 years ago, a trauma in her right mandible which was so severe that kept her in the hospital for 2 days. This was followed by mouth opening disturbance with pain for about 2 years. However, she did not have a treatment for the temporomandibular disorder symptoms. After then, she experienced the trigeminal neuralgia characterized by an electrical pain which lasted about 30 minutes in her right face and head when touching the skin or hair. After taking a year course treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, the symptom disappeared. The pain was a constant dull pain and a intermittent burning pain which are contradictory. And the pain responded to various modalities such as physical therapy, anti-inflammatory drug, carbamazepine, and amitriptyline, among which carbamazepine was most effective. The diagnosis was clinically made as an atypical trigeminal neuralgia. The term 'atypical' is used when there is something unknown and the problem is not identified. It is thought that an atypical pain may be approached in the perspective of chronic pain, neuropathic pain, and myofascial pain, the mchanisms of which are poorly understood. As the knowledge of pain physiology improves, there needs to be modification and re-evaluation. Pain disorders must be classified on the basis of an understanding of the underlying mechanism and etiology.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.249-261
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 과학자들의 문제 해결 과정에서 공감요소를 추출하고 그 공감요소가 과학자들의 문제 해결 상황에서 어떤 영향을 주고 있는지 확인해보고자 한다. 이에 본 연구는 창의성 연구자들이 언급한 과학자들 중 공통인물 6명을 분석대상으로 선정하고 그들의 자서전 및 그들의 일대기에 관련한 논문을 통해 그들의 문제 해결 사례에서 공감요소를 추출하여 이를 유목화 하였다. 총 12개의 서적과 50여개의 논문에서 제시한 사례를 Davis의 공감척도를 분석틀로 분석하였고 공통요인을 추출하였다. 그 결과 총 182개의 사례에서 과학 공감요소가 추출되었고, 이 중 33개의 공통요소가 발견되었다. 과학교육전문가집단의 내용타당도 검사를 통하여 본 사례의 타당도를 확인한 결과, 전문가의 내용타당도 I-CVI 평균은 .86, S-CVI 평균 .90값이 확인되었다. 과학자들이 문제 해결사례에서 활용하고 있는 공감요소는 인지적 공감으로 관점 취하기 측면에서 3가지(다른 학문 분야를 통한 공감, 연구대상의 관점에서 공감, 다른 사람의 의견 수용), 상상하기 측면에서 3가지(관찰 근거의 상상, 사고 실험, 연구 대상에 대한 유기체적 느낌), 정서적 공감으로 공감적 관심측면에서 3가지(동료 연구자의 의욕에 따른 반응, 연구대상에 대한 감동, 더 연구하고 싶은 흥분), 개인적 각성 측면에서 2가지(타인의 연구실패에 대한 불편한 감정, 문제에 대한 민감성)가 추출되었다. 이는 Davis의 공감요소와 완벽하게 일치한다고 할 수 없었으나 과학자들의 사례에서 발견되는 이러한 공통되는 요소를 기초로 과학 공감요소에 대한 정의가 가능할 것이다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.103-133
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to make a critique of racial aspects of Caribbean literature more ethical through a constant concern with history and political philosophy. The first step I take for this purpose is a comparative reading of C. L. R. James's view of Toussaint L'Ouverture's position and Frantz Fanon's view of race and class in the historical context of the Caribbean power-relations. In so doing, I examine how Toussaint's and Fanon's wills to negotiation were thwarted in the New World history. To elaborate upon this ethico-political approach, I have recourse to the so-called later Derrida, focusing on his books, such as The Politics of Friendship, Of Hospitality, On Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness, etc. Taking an up-close look at Derrida's thought, I argue that his political contemplation of ethics is as effective as his deconstruction of "otherness" in dealing with the nature of ethnic clashes in both the real world and minority literature. In the second half of my paper, I reexamine the issues of race, gender, and class in the three novels of Jamaica Kincaid - Annie John, Lucy, and The Autobiography of My Mother. It is conceivable that from the feminist perspective Kincaid's fiction has been read as a postcolonial Bildungsroman. In my supplementary attempts to this criticism, I reveal that the teenage narrator's precocious awareness is still under the colonial influence in the Annie John section. My analysis of Lucy contends that the reasons why the white woman fails to make friends with the young black woman should be sought in the long history of the U.S. racial politics. In the section of The Autobiography of My Mother, I discuss how difficult it is for a minority woman to liberate from the spell of history insofar as she is engaged in the issue of identity. In closing, I pose a need of consolation that literature may grant us by becoming able to produce a different interpretation on all the bleaker reality.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제32호
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• pp.29-50
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• 2008

이 논문은 최근에 공개된 "원교진적"에 대한 소개와 서예비평적 고찰이다. "원교진적"은 한말의 실학자이자 문인이었던 석정 이정직(1841-1910)이 원교 이광사(1705-1777)의 글씨에 대하여 비평해 놓은 것이다. 먼저 석정 이정직의 서예 활동과 함께 그의 글씨가 동국진체와 맺고 있는 관련성에 대하여 탐색해 보았다. 석정이 동국진체의 흐름에 서 있는 지에 대해서는 이 분야 전문가들의 몫으로 남아 있지만, 본고에서는 "원교진적(圓嶠眞跡)"과 "송하진적(松下眞跡)", 그리고 "창암서첩(蒼巖書帖)"을 통해서 그가 동국진체를 접하고 있었고, 한편으로 그것의 영향권에 있었던 것으로 보았다. 이번에 공개된 "원교진적"은 원교가 부령으로 유배된 다음 해인 1756년 6월을 전후로 지었던 18수의 한시 작품을 초서로 쓴 필첩이다. 여기에는 원교가 함경도 부령에서 귀양살이를 하면서 그리움과 절망감으로 점철된 그의 내면이 담겨 있다. "원교진적"은 석정이 원교의 글씨에 대하여 앞뒤로 비평적 제발을 덧붙인 자료라는 데에서 학술적 가치가 높다. 석정은 "원교진적"의 제발을 통해 서예사적 맥락을 염두에 두고 원교의 글씨에 대하여 비평을 하였다. 석정은 원교가 왕희지 이전의 글씨에 모범을 두었다는 점을 긍정적으로 받아들였다. 그러면서도, 석정은 원교가 우리나라의 풍기에 갇혀 조화(造化)하지 못한 한계를 보인다고 보았다. 석정의 이 언급은 원교의 글씨가 외면상으로 굳세지만 최고의 예술적 경지로서 '진숙'을 넘어서는 '조화'의 경지에 들어서지 못했다는 평가로 보인다. 그동안 연구자들은 석정의 서예 비평이 주로 중국 작가들에 대해서 이뤄졌던 것으로 알고 있었다. 그런데 석정이 직접 비평을 하였던 "송하진적"이나 "창암서첩"과 함께 이번에 "원교진적"이란 새로운 자료가 발굴되면서 그가 우리나라 동국진체의 작가들에 대해서도 깊은 관심을 갖고 있었다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.