• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.601-629
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• 2022

Social networking sites (SNSs) have become an essential part of people's lives. It is thus crucial to understand how individuals use these platforms. Previous literature has divided usage into numerous activities and then grouped them into dimensions to avoid excessive granularity. However, these categories have not been derived from a uniform theoretical background; consequently, these dimensions are dispersed, overlapping, and disconnected from each other. This study argues that "SNS usage" is a complex phenomenon consisting of multiple activities that can be grouped into dimensions under the umbrella of communication theories and these dimensions are related to each other in a particular multi-dimensional architecture. "SNS usage" is conceptualized as a third-order construct formed by "producing," "consuming," and "communicating." "Producing," in turn, is proposed as a second-order construct manifested by "commenting," "general information sharing," and "self-disclosure." The proposed model was assessed with data collected from 414 USA adult users and PLS-SEM technique. The results show empirical support for the theorized model. SNS providers now have this architecture that clarifies the role of each dimension of use, which will allow them to design effective strategies to encourage the use of these networks.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-57
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to propose the design elements useful to give place identity to street space. The theory for place identity is studied and the components-Physical element, Sense, Program, Activity, Context-for identity of place is created. In the case study of SamcheongdongGil, the qualitative research method of Free Picturing Technique and Cognitive Mapping is executed and the samples gathered from the research are analyzed. In the process of analysis, the contents of qualitative evaluation by users is put in order as components for identity of place. Moreover, the design elements for street space are extracted from the case study and theories of urban design. The design elements are summarized as the followings: street pattern with high permeability, various streetscapes, greenscapes, semi public(private) spaces, the third places, public arts, transparent facades, and outdoor activities. Finally, the fruits and boundary of this study are described and the importance of place identity is.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.419-426
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• 2019

In this paper, buckling analyses of composite plate reinforced by Graphen platelate (GPL) is studied. The Halphin-Tsai model is used for obtaining the effective material properties of nano composite plate. The nano composite plate is modeled by Third order shear deformation theory (TSDT). The elastic medium is simulated by Winkler model. Employing nonlinear strains-displacements, stress-strain, the energy equations of plate are obtained and using Hamilton's principal, the governing equations are derived. The governing equations are solved based on Navier method. The effect of GPL volume percent, geometrical parameters of plate and elastic foundation on the buckling load are investigated. Results showed that with increasing GPLs volume percent, the buckling load increases.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.10-30
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• 2001

Oriental medicine needs to be armed with theories on health-improvement concept under it and basic data matching its views, in order to participate in the health-improvement service in industrial work places. The Orient medicine health-improvement program defines factors that determine individuals' lifestyle, and provides information and technologies for workers to practice in life. To that end, this research compares and analyzes health-improvement concept and health care, defines relations between individuals' health state and their lifestyle as the basic data needed to perform health-improvement business for workers. 1. The subjects employed for this research is categorized into; by gender, males 52.1% and females 47.9% with no big difference between them; and by age, 20s, 6.1%, 30s. 33.9%, 40s, 34.1%, and 50s, 24.8% with 30-50 accounting for most of it. By marriage status, unmarried represents 7.1%, and married 79.1% with most of them married; by revenue, under one million won represents 3.0%, 1-2 million won 26.4%, 2-2.49 million won 11.2%, above 2.5 million won 11.2%, and 1-2.5 million won a majority. By living location, owned houses represents 65.4%, rented houses 14.7%, monthly-rented 9.5%; and by education, elementary and middle school represent 16.9%, high school and its dropouts 22.6%, and junior college and higher 51.6%, with high school and higher occupying most of the group. 2. By job, office workers and managerial workers represent 12.3%, part-timers 21.0%, manual workers 11.4%, jobless 0.6%, professionals 35.6%, service 0.6%, housewives 8.4%, and equipment/machinery operation/assemblers 10.1%. Of this, jobless and part-timers, totaling three, are dropped from this research. By years worked, 0-3.9 years represents 9.7%, 4-7.9 years 6.7%, 8-14.9 years 18.4%, above 15 years 28.7%, and no respondents 36.5%. 3. The degree of the subjects practicing life-improvement lifestyle, on a scale of 1 to 4, is an average of 2.69, personal relations 3.04, self-realization 2.92, stress management 2.76, nutritional state 2.73, responsibility for health 2.47, and athletic activities 2.18, with personal relations earning the highest points and athletic activities the lowest. As for factors influencing health-improvement lifestyle, there is no significant difference between gender, age, and marriage status. Meanwhile, there is significant difference between revenue, dwelling pattern, education level, etc. That is, higher income-bracket, owned houses, rented houses, monthly-rented houses, and higher-educated, in this order, show higher average in health-enhancement lifestyle. By job, housewives, manual workers, office workers, professionals, equipment/ machinery operation/ assemblers, and part-timers, in this order show higher points, while there is no difference with significance by years worked. 4. Factors that affect health-improvement lifestyle are shown below. Self-realization is influenced by age, marriage status, type of dwellings, and level of education; responsibility for health by type of dwellings; athletic activities by gender and age; nutrition by age, marriage status and type of dwellings; personal relations by marriage status; and stress management by type of dwellings. 5. Areas with high points by job show this: in self-realization, office workers, manual workers, housewives, professionals, equipment/ machinery operation/ assemblers, in this order, show difference with significance; in the area of responsibility for health, manual workers, housewives, equipment/ machinery operation/ assemblers, professionals, office workers and part-timers, in this order, do. In athletic activities, manual workers, housewives, office workers, professionals, equipment/ machinery operation/ assemblers, and part-timers, in this order, show difference with significance; in nutrition, housewives, office workers, manual workers, professionals, equipment/ machinery operation/ assemblers, and part-timers, in this order do; and in stress, housewives, office workers, manual workers, professionals, equipment/ machinery operation/ assemblers, part-timers, in this order do. By years worked, more years showed higher points in the area of responsibility for health and nutrition; in the area of athletic activities, above 15 years, 4-8 years, below 4 years and 8-14 years, in this order, show higher points; and no difference shows in realization, personal relation, and stress area. 6. To look at correlation between overall and divisional health-improvement practice degree, this researcher has analyzed it using Person's correlation coefficient. Self-realization, responsibility for health, athletic activities, nutrition, support for personal relations, and stress management show significant correlation with the sub-divisions, while all health-improvement lifestyle shows significant correlation with the six sub-divisions.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.173-187
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• 2002

The purpose of this study through ethnographic inquiry is to describe how an elementary teacher teaches mathematics with understanding. The ways that teachers'beliefs affect instructional activities, what means understanding from the view of cognitive psychology, and ethnographic research tradition were reviewed to anchor theoretical background of this study. A third-grade teacher and his 45 students were selected in order to capture vivid and thick descriptions of the teaching and learning activities of mathematics. Three major sources of data, that is, participant-observation with video taping, formal and informal interviews with the teacher and his students, and a variety of official documents were collected. These data were analyzed through two phases: data analysis in the field and after the fieldwork. According to data analysis, ‘teaching mathematics with understanding’ was identified as the teachers central belief of teaching mathematics. In order to implement his belief in teaching practices, the teacher made use of three strategies: ⑴ valuing individual student's own way of understanding, ⑵ bring students' everyday experiences into mathematics classroom, and ⑶ lesson objectivies stated by students. It is suggested for future research that concrete and specific norms of mathematics classroom for the improvement of mathematics understanding are needed to be identified and that experienced and skillful teachers' practical knowledge should be incorporated with theories of teaching mathematics and necessarily paid more attention by mathematics educators.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.497-516
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• 1998

A relatively simple two-dimensional multilayered shell model is presented for predicting both global quantities and stress distributions across the thickness of multilayered thick shells, that is based on a third-order zig-zag approach. As for any zig-zag model, the layerwise kinematics is accounted for, with the stress continuity conditions at interfaces met a priori. Moreover, the shell model satisfies the zero transverse shear stress conditions at the upper and lower free surfaces of the shell, irrespective of the lay-up. By changing the parameters in the displacement model, some higher order shell models are obtained as particular cases. Although it potentially has a wide range of validity, application is limited to cylindrical shell panels in cylindrical bending, a lot of solutions of two-dimensional models based on rather different simplyfying assumptions and the exact three-dimensional elasticity solution being available for comparisons for this benchmark problem. The numerical investigation performed by the present shell model and by the shell models derived from it illustrates the effects of transverse shear modeling and the range of applicability of the simplyfying assumptions introduced. The implications of retaining only selected terms depending on the radius-to-thickness ratio are focused by comparing the present solutions to the exact one and to other two-dimensional solutions in literature based on rather different simplyfying assumptions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.322-328
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• 2000

This study discusses cognition as a computable mapping in cognitive system and relates G del's Incompleteness Theorems to the computability of cognition from a metamathematical perspective. Understanding cognition as a from of computation requires not only Turing machine models but also neural network models. In previous studies of computation by cognitive systems, it is remarkable to note how little serious attention has been given to the issue of computation by neural networks with respect to G del's Incompleteness Theorems. To address this problem, first, we introduce a definition of cognition and cognitive science. Second, we deal with G del's view of computability, incompleteness and speed-up theorems, and then we interpret G del's disjunction on the mind and the machine. Third, we discuss cognition as a Turing computable function and its relation to G del's incompleteness. Finally, we investigate cognition as a neural computable function and its relation to G del's incompleteness. The results show that a second-order representing system can be implemented by a finite recurrent neural network. Hence one cannot prove the consistency of such neural networks in terms of first-order theories. Neural computability, theoretically, is beyond the computational incompleteness of Turing machines. If cognition is a neural computable function, then G del's incompleteness result does not limit the compytational capability of cognition in humans or in artifacts.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.74 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2020

Several classical and higher order plate theories were used to study the buckling of functionally graded material (FGM) plates. In the great majority of research, a power function is used to represent metal and ceramic material transverse distribution (P-FGM). Therefore, the effect of having other transverse variation of material properties on the buckling behavior of thick rectangular FGM plates was not properly addressed. In the present work, this effect is investigated using the Third order Shear Deformable Theory (TSDT) for the case of simply supported FGM plate. Both a sigmoid function and an exponential functions are used to represent the transverse gradual property variation. The plate governing equations are combined with a Navier type expanded solution of the unknown displacements to derive the buckling equation in terms of the pre-buckling in-plane loads. Finally, the critical in-plane load is calculated for the different buckling modes. The model is verified by a comparison of the calculated buckling loads with available published results of Al-SiC P-FGM plates. The conducted parametric study shows that manufacturing FGM plates with sigmoid variation of properties in the thickness direction increases the buckling load considerably. This improvement is found to be more significant for the case of thick plates than that of thin plates. Results also show that this stiffening-like effect of the sigmoid function profile is more evident for cases where the in-plane loads are applied along the shorter edge of the plate.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5542-5550
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• 2012

Third-order shear deformation theory is reformulated using the nonlocal elasticity of Eringen. The equation of equilibrium of the nonlocal elasticity are derived. This theory has ability to capture the both small scale effects and quadratic variation of shear strain through the plate thickness. Navier's method has been used to solve the governing equations for all edges simply supported boundary conditions. Analytical solutions of buckling of nano-scale plates are presented using this theory to illustrate the effect of nonlocal theory on buckling load of the nano-scale plates. The relations between nonlocal third-order and local theories are discussed by numerical results. Further, effects of (i) length (ii) nonlocal parameter, (iii) aspect ratio and (iv) mode number on nondimensional buckling load are studied. In order to validate the present solutions, the reference solutions are used and discussed. The present results of nano-scale plates using the nonlocal theory can provide a useful benchmark to check the accuracy of related numerical solutions.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.221-231
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• 2023

Nowadays, more and more countries are paying attention to basic teaching, so it can be found that they are carrying out a new round of basic teaching reform. The fundamental purpose is to adapt to the economic, cultural and technological development of the 21st century, so that their nationals will not be eliminated in the competition of the world environment, the spiritual civilization and material life of the nationals can be further improved, and they can have an advantage in the competition and catch up with the advanced level of the world. The cultivation of preschoolers' mental health determines the future development of a person. Through the long-term practice of art teaching at the Longyuan Branch of the District Third Kindergarten of Guangxi, This paper summarizes some effective teaching methods to cultivate children's connection ability and sense of security through aesthetic education.Firstly, preschoolers' contact ability was studied, and the aspects such as the definition of contact ability and the reasons for the formation of contact ability were explored. Secondly, the development of preschoolers' sense of security, what to avoid in order to develop a good sense of security and the effects of security on children were investigated. Finally, several specific teaching cases were written based on these theories. Through these cases, aesthetic education was utilized to promote preschoolers' contact ability and develop a sense of security. The study mainly draws the following conclusions that if children want to have a successful career, a happy family in the future, it is crucial to have the ability of connect and security in childhood. Aesthetic education can promote the formation of children's ability of connection and security.Finally, I write specific teaching cases based on the above theories and practice, through which these cases use aesthetic education to promote the formation of children's contact ability and sense of security.