• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2000

Electrocatalytic effects for the reduction of thionyl chloride in $LiAICI_4/SOCl_2$ electrolyte solution containing Schiff base M(II) (M; Co and Fe) complexes are evaluated by determining kinetic parameters with cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry at a glassy carbon electrode. The charge transfer process during the reduction of thionyl chloride is affected by the concentration of the catalyst. The catalytic effects are demonstrated from both a shift of the reduction potential for the thionyl chloride toward a more positive direction and an increase in peak currents. Catalytic effects are larger in thionyl chloride solutions containing the binuclear [M(II) $_2$ (TSBP)] complex rather than mononuclear [M(II)(BSDT)] complexes. Significant improvements in the cell performance have been noted in terms of both thermodynamics and activation energy for the thionyl chloride reduction. The activation energy calculated from the Arrhenius plots is 4.5-5.9 kcal/mole at bare glassy carbon electrodes. The activation energy calculated for the catalyst containing solution is 3.3-4.9 kcalmole, depending on whether the temperature is lowered or rasied.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.412-424
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• 2015

Objectives: An ultra dry air environment of nearly ${\leq}2%$ RH is often required in lithium battery factories. The objective of this study is to evaluate the subjective eye, pulmonary, nose, and skin symptoms of workers exposed to ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride. Methods: We recruited 274 workers using a self-reported questionnaire in March 2014. Those who worked in ultra-low relative humidity and with thionyl chloride were identified and their prevalence of symptoms was compared with that of other workers. We excluded white collar workers, researchers and other workers who were exposed to various hazard factors, and finally included 164 workers. Results: There were significant differences in the rate of self-reported eye and skin symptoms between exposure group_1 and exposure group_2. Exposure group_2 experienced more frequent eye, and skin symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression analysis for experience of dry eye symptoms and skin symptoms in exposure group_2 showed that dry eye symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 6.33, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19-18.24, p<0.001), and itchiness (OR, 6.45, 95% CI, 1.94-21.43, p<0.01) were the significant variables. The complaints of workers experiencing ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride were high compared with other workers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that exposure to ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride may be associated with more frequent eye and skin symptoms than exposure to ultra-low relative humidity alone. The current precautions to protect workers from the adverse effects of ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride appear to be insufficient, indicating that additional management plans to reduce symptoms should be considered.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.205-210
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• 1995

Catalytic effects of various Schiff base metal(II) complexes on the reduction of thionyl chloride at glassy carbon electrode are evaluated by determining the kinetic parameters from cyclic voltammetry technique. The charge transfer process is affected strongly by the concentration of catalysts during the reduction of thionyl chloride. The catalytic effects are shown by both a shift of the reduction potential for thionyl chloride toward more positive direction and an increase in peak current. The diffusion coefficient value, Do, of the 8.17 ${\times}$ 10-9 $cm^2/s$ was observed at the bare glassy carbon electrode, whereas larger values (0.9-1.09 ${\times}$ 10-8 $cm^2/s$) were observed at the catalyst supported glassy carbon electrode. Significant improvements in the cell performance have been noted in terms of both exchange rate constants and current densities at glassy carbon electrode.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.223-227
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• 1996

Catalytic effects of transition metal (Co2+, Ni2+) complexes of N,N-bis(salicylaldehyde)-o-phenylenediimine (SOPD), N,N-bis(salicylaldehyde)-m-phenylenediimine (SMPD), and N,N-bis(salicylaldehyde)-p-phenylenediimine (SPPD), on the reduction of thionyl chloride at glassy carbon electrode, are evaluated by determining the kinetic parameters with cyclic voltammetric technique. The charge transfer process for the reduction of thionyl chloride is strongly affected by the concentration of the catalysts. Some quadridentate Schiff base-M(Ⅱ) complexes show sizable catalytic activities for the reduction of thionyl chloride. Catalytic effects of [M(Ⅱ)(SOPD)] complexes are slightly larger compared to [M(Ⅱ)2(SMPD)2] and [M(Ⅱ)2(SPPD)2] complexes. On those electrodes deposited with the catalysts, the observed exchange rate constants (ko) are in the range of 0.89-2.28 × 10-7 cm/s, while it is 1.24 × 10-7 cm/s on the bare glassy carbon electrode.

• 약학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-27
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• 1962

The derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid which have similar effects of desoxycorticosterone acetate was prepared glycyrrhetinyl chloride by the chlorination with thionyl chloride at low temperature. 2-Acetyl-11-keto-.DELTA. : 13 oleanolic ketol acetate (30) was synthesized by diazotating glycyrrhetinyl chloride with diazomethan and the acetylation with anhydro acetic acid. 2-Acetyl-.DELTA.12 : 13 oleanolic ketol acetate (28) was synthesized by chlorinating oleanolic acid with thionyl chloride, and by diazotatating oleanolyl chloride with diazomethan and the acetylation with anhydroacetic acid.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.702-710
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• 1993

이핵성 네자리 schiff base Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) alc Fe(II) 착물들을 촉매로 사용하여 몰리브데늄 전극과 유리질 탄소 전극에서 SOCl2의 전기화학적 환원반응을 조사하였다. 이들 전이금속(II) 착물들은 먼저 전극 표면에 흡착된 후 촉매로 작용하였으며, 각각의 전이금속(II) 착물들의 촉매 화합물은 SOCl$_2$ 를 환원시킬 수 있는 최적 조건의 농도를 나타냈다. SOCl$_2$의 환원반응에 대한 촉매 효과는 몰리브데늄 전극에서보다 유리질 탄소전극에서 더 크게 나타났고, 환원 전류는 최고 120% 정도 증가하였다. 주사속도 증가에 따른 SOCl$_2$의 환원 전류는 증가하였고 환원 전위는 음전위쪽으로 이동되었으며, SOCl$_2$의 환원과정은 확산지배적인 반응으로 진행되었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.416-423
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• 1996

Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) 및 Mn(II)의 네자리 Schiff base 전이금속 화합물들이 첨가된 1.5 M $LiAlCl_4/SOCl_2$ 전해질 용액에서 $SOCl_2$에 관한 전기 화학적 환원 반응을 조사하였다. 이들 전이 금속(II) 착물들은 먼저 전극 표면에 흡착된 후 촉매로써 작용하였으며, 각각의 전이 금속(II) 착물들의 촉매 화합물에 대해 $SOCl_2$를 환원시킬 수 있는 최적 조건의 농도를 나타냈다. 촉매가 첨가된 전해질 용액에서 $SOCl_2$의 환원 반응에 대한 환원 전류는 최고 150% 정도 증가하였다. 주사 속도가 증가함에 따라 $SOCl_2$의 환원 전류는 증가하였고 환원 전위는 음 전위 방향으로 이동되었으며, $SOCl_2$의 환원 과정은 확산 지배적인 반응으로 진행되었다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.430-436
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• 2020

Lithium thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl₂) batteries exhibit the highest energy densities seen in commercially available primary batteries because of their high operating voltages and discharge capacities. They are widely used in various extreme environments; however, they show signs of degradation at high discharge currents. The discharge performance of Li/SOCl₂ is considered to be greatly dependent on the carbon materials used in the cathode. Therefore, suitable carbon materials must be chosen to improve discharge performances. In this work, we investigated the discharge properties of Li/SOCl₂ batteries in which the cathodes contained various ratios of acetylene black (AB) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at high discharge currents. It was confirmed that the MWCNTs were effectively dispersed in the mixed AB/MWCNT cathodes. Moreover, the discharge capacity and operating voltage improved at high discharge currents in these mixed cathodes when compared with pure AB cathodes. It was found that the mesopores present in the cathodes have a strong impact on the discharge capacity, while the macropores present on the cathode surface influence the discharge properties at high discharge rates in Li/SOCl₂ batteries. These results indicate that the ratio of mesopores and macropores in the cathode is key to improving the discharge performance of Li/SOCl₂ batteries, as is the dispersion of the MWCNTs.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.744-752
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• 1993

거대고리화합물의 유도체들은 촉매로 사용하여 유리질 탄소전극과 탄소 미소전극에서 SOCl$_2$의 전기화학적 환원반응을 조사하였다. 이들 유도체들은 먼저 전극표면에 흡착된 후 SOCl$_2$를 환원시켰다. 전해질 용액에 전극이 담기는 시간과 촉매들의 농도의 변화는 SOCl$_2$의 환원에 크게 영향을 미쳤다. 유리질 탄소 전극에서 촉매효과에 의한 속도상수는 10배 증가하였고, Power 밀도는 최고 220% 까지 증가하였다. 탄소 미소전극을 사용하여 시간전류법에 의해 얻은 확산계수는 유리질 탄소전극을 사용하여 순환전압전류법에 의해 얻은 결과와 다소 다른 값으로 나타났다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.323-324
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• 1994