• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the SDAR (solvent deasphaltene residue), which is obtained from the solvent deasphalting (SDA) process, as a pavement material. METHODS : The physical properties of the SDAR were evaluated based on its chemical composition, and asphalt mixtures with the SDAR were fabricated and used for the evaluation of mechanical properties. Firstly, the chemical composition of SARA (saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene) was analyzed using the TLC-FID (thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detector). Moreover, the basic material properties of the asphalt binder with the SDAR were evaluated by the penetration test, softening point test, ductility test, and PG (performance grade) grade test. The rheological properties of the asphalt binder with the SDAR were evaluated by the dynamic shear modulus ($G^*$) obtained using the time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle. Secondly, the mechanical properties of the asphalt mixtures with the SDAR were evaluated. The compactibility was evaluated using the gyratory compacter. Moreover, the tensile strength ratio (TSR) was used for evaluating the moisture susceptibility of the asphalt mixtures (i.e., susceptibility to pothole damage). The dynamic modulus $E^*$, which is a fundamental property of the asphalt mixture, obtained at different temperatures and loading cycles, was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the asphalt mixtures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION : The SDAR shows stiffer and more brittle behavior than the conventional asphalt binder. As the application of the SDAR directly in the field may cause early failures, such as cracks on pavements, it should be applied with modifiers that can favorably modify the brittleness property of the SDAR. Therefore, if appropriate additives are applied on the SDAR, it can be used as a pavement material because of its low cost and strong resistance to rutting.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2013

Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of Ziziphus mucronata (ZM) fruit extract. Methods: The different types of fruit extract were prepared by soaking the dry powdered fruit in different solvents followed by rotary evaporation. Each extract was tested for its phenol content and antioxidant activities. An in vivo study was performed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Thirty adult male SD rats (aged 21 weeks) were divided into six groups of five rats each and treated as follows: The normal control (NC) received distilled water while the dimethoate control (DC) received 6 mg/kg.bw.day-1 dimethoate dissolved in distilled water. The experimental groups E1, E2, E3, and E0 received dimethoate (6 mg/kg.bw) + ZMFM (100 mg/kg.bw-1), dimethoate (6 mg/kg.bw) + ZMFM (200 mg/kg.bw-1), dimethoate (6 mg/kg.bw) + ZMFM (300 mg/kg.bw-1), and ZMFM (300 mg/kg.bw-1) only. Both the normal control and the dimethoate control groups were used to compare the results. After 90 days, rats were sacrificed, blood was collected for biochemical assays, and livers were harvested for histological study. Results: High phenol content was estimated, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) spectrophotometric, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and 2, 2-Azobis-3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays showed a high antioxidant activity among the extracts. The preventive effects observed in the E1, E2 and E3 groups proved that the extract could prevent dimethoate toxicity by maintaining normal reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and E, superoxide dismutase, catalase, cholineasterase and lipid profiles. The preventive effect was observed to be dose dependent. The EO group showed no extract-induced toxicity. Histological observations agreed with the results obtained in the biochemical studies. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that ZM methanol fruit extract is capable of attenuating dimethoate-induced toxicity because of its high antioxidant activity.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2016

This study is performed that furniture and interior materials of MDF's (Medium Density Fiberboard) biodegradation properties, and the goal of this study is investigation of possibility of waste-MDF's composting after landfilling. To investigate biodegradation, this study was performed according to KS M ISO 14855-1, and there were two different soil conditions including a compost condition and an activated vermiculite condition as artificial soil. This experiment was tested for 40 days. The measurement of carbon-dioxide generation was processed every 24 hour in 1-2 week, and every 48 hour after 3 week. In the same days, MDF showed 24.4% of biodegradation in compost condition, and 6.2% in activated vermiculite. Also, the reference material of TLC (thin-layer chromatography) grade cellulose showed 26.4%, 11.4% in compost and activated vermiculite respectively. The dilution plate method was performed for biological analysis in the study. This experiment was used for investigation of inoculum's (Bacillus licheniformis) activity. As the result of bioassay, compost has more other germs include inoculum than activated vermiculite in the first week. Especially in the 2nd week, the reference material under the compost condition showed the most germ's activity, and also the biodegradation was the highest. Consequentially, compost condition was able to reduce a performing period of biodegradation testing than activated vermiculite. However, activated vermiculite could be stabilizing errors between repetition.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1157-1157
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• 2001

Yeast, Kurtzurnanomyces sp. I-11, produces biosurfactant, mannosyl erythritol lipid (MEL), from soya oil. The properties of biosurfactant MEL include low-toxicity and high biodegradability. MEL provides new possibilities for a wide range of industrial applications, especially food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical fields and chemicals for biotechnology. In the fermentation process, techniques of measuring and controlling substrates and products are important to obtain high productivity with optimum concentrations of substrate and product in the culture broth. The measurement system for the concentrations of soya oil and MEL in the fermentation process was developed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Soya oil and MEL in the culture broth were extracted with ethyl acetate and NIR spectra was carried out between the second derivative NIR spectral data at 1312 and 2040 nm and MEL concentrations obtained using a thin-layer chromatography with a flame-ionization detector (TLC/FID) method. A calibration equation for soya oil was results of the validation of the calibration equation, good agreement was observed between the results of the TLD/FID method and those of the NIRS method for both constituents. NIR method was applied to the measurement of the concentrations of MEL and soya oil in the practical fermentation and good results were obtained. The study indicates that NIRS is a useful method for measurement of the substrate and product in the glycolipid fermentation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 1991

The purpose of the present study was to measure and compare the arachidonic acid metabolites in diseased periodontal tissue and vital pulp tissue of the tooth, and to investigate the relationship between periodontal and pulp disease. Diseased periodontal tissue of periodontally involved human teeth and vital pulp tissue from the same teeth which were intact with no periapical lesions were obtained. Each periodontal and pulp tissue homogenates from the same tooth were incubated with $^{14}C$ - arachidonic acid. Lipid solvent extracts were separated by thin layer chromatography to be analyzed by autoradiography and TLC analyzer. 1. The conversion into $TXB_2$, 6 - keto - $PGF_{1a}$ and $PGE_2$, and unidentified metabolite in pulp tissue were less than that in diseased periodontal tissue(P<0.05). 2. Biosynthetic levels of $TXB_2$, unidentified metabolite, 6 - keto - $PGF_{1a}$ and HETEs were not satistically significant between diseased periodontal tissue and pulp tissue. $LTB_4$ was measured highly in pulp tissue(P<0.1). 3. The percentage of each metabolite to the total converted metabolites were not statistically significant between diseased periodontal tissue and pulp tissue. But the percentage of $LTB_4$ in pulp tissue was higher than that in diseased periodontal tissue(P<0.05). 4. The relative amounts of the total metabolites formed in lipoxygenase pathway to those formed in cyclo - oxygenase pathway were 6 fold in diseased periodontal tissue and 12 fold in pulp tissue. But there was no statistical significance between diseased periodontal tissue and pulp tissue(P>0.05).

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.237-245
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• 1980

건시 저장 중 부패미생물을 분리동정하고, 유독성 곰팡이의 Aflatoxin 생성 여부를 검사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 건시 저장 초기에는 곰팡이가, 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 세균의 침해가 많았다. 2) 분리 동정한 부패 미생물의 균수는 Asp. sp.가 가장 많았고, Escherichia sp., Mucor sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp. 순으로 많았다. 3) 분리 균주 중 Aspergillus flavus Group과 Penicillium citrimum Series도 동정된 균에서와 저장건시에서 분리한 형광물질은 TLC 상에서의 Rf 값으로 보아 Aflatoxin B$_1$, G$_1$유사물질로 추정하였다. 4) 유시시료 또는 분리균주에서 분리된 Aflatoxin 유사물질은 U. V. absorption spectra 측정 결과 Asp. flavus Group에서 Aflatoxin B$_1$, Pen. citrinum Series 에서 Aflatoxin G$_1$으로 확인되었다. 이것은 앞으로 계속 더 구명하여야 하겠다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1688-1694
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• 2009

A novel strain of fluorescent pseudomonad (PB-St2) was isolated from surface-sterilized stems of sugarcane grown in Pakistan. The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas aurantiaca on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and results from physiological and biochemical characteristics carried out with API50 CH and QTS 24 bacterial identification kits. Assays using substrate-specific media for enzymes revealed lipase and protease activities but cellulase, chitinase, or pectinase were not detected. The bacterium was unable to solubilize phosphate or produce indole acetic acid. However, it did produce HCN, siderophores, and homoserine lactones. In dual culture assays on agar, the bacterium showed antifungal activity against an important pathogen of sugarcane in Pakistan, namely Colletotrichum falcatum, as well as for pathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporium and F. lateritium but not against F. solani. The antifungal metabolites were identified using thin-layer chromatography, UV spectra, and MALDI-TOFF spectra and shown to be phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), 2-hydroxyphenazine (2-OH-PHZ), and N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone (HHL) (assessed using only TLC data). The capacity of this bacterium to produce HCN and 2-OH-PHZ, as well as to inhibit the growth of C. falcatum, has not been previously reported.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.173-177
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• 1980

홍삼및 백삼에서 용매추출법(溶媒抽出法)에 의해 fr. 1과 fr. 2를 분리하여 양자의 차이점(差異點)을 몇가지 관점에서 조사하고 홍삼에서 강하게 나타나는 항산화(抗酸化) 활성물질(活性物質)을 단리(單離)하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. fr. 1과 fr. 2에서의 항산화(抗酸化) 활성(活性)은 공히 홍삼(紅蔘) 분획(分劃)이 백삼(白蔘) 분획(分劃)보다 강했다. 2. 홍삼의 fr. 2에 비해 fr. 1이 비활성(比活性)이 훨씬 강했다. 3. 홍삼의 fr. 1에서 단리(單離)한 Spot a는 강력한 항산화 활성을 가졌으로 indophenol용액을 탈색(脫色)시켰다. 4. 홍삼의 fr. 2에서 단리(單離)한 Spot b도 항산화활성물질(抗酸化活性物質)로서 남색의 indophenol용액을 홍색으로 변색시켰다. 5. 인삼제품으로부터 fr. 1과 fr. 2를 분리하여 TLC 또는 HPLC에 의해 그 패턴을 조사하며 원료삼(原料蔘)이 홍삼인지 백삼인지 식별(識別)할 수 있는 지표(指標)로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.997-1002
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• 1999

The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of food preservative addition and changes in composition of herb extract product on the growth of spoilage yeast, Zygosaccharomyces sp. Herbs such as Panax ginseng, Cinnamomum cassia, Lycium chinense, Zyzyphus juiuba and Jingiber officinale were altogether put into water and essence was extracted at 80oC, and then the extract was concentrated at 75oC. The herb extract product was made by adding vitamins, amino acids and honey to the concentrated herb extract. The amount of gas produced from the herb extract product was increased as inoculated cell number increased but decreased as Brix concentration increased. Gases were produced in small amount when incubation was made at 4oC but large amounts of gases were produced at 25 or 40oC of incubation. The gas production and growth of Zygosaccharomyces sp. were measured after browning reaction was induced by heating at 85oC for 12 hours. It appeared that heating treatment did not induce any significant change in the gas production and growth of the cell. The effects of addition of various sugar to the herb extract produce were also invesigated. Amounts of gas production were in the order of glucose>sucrose>oligosaccharide>stevioside. The viable cell count was measured as 6.0$\times$107 CFU/g when glucose was added to the herb extract product. The viable cell counts were 5.0$\times$106, 3.0$\times$103, and 3.0$\times$102 CFU/g in sucrose, oligosaccharide and stevioside added herb extract product, respectively. The amount of gas production from the herb extract product was remarkably reduced by addition of such food preservatives as sodium benzoate and DF 100. TLC(thin layer chromatography) chromatogram of the herb extract showed stability of the herb extract in the above treatments.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.195-200
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• 1986

Rhizopus japonicus의 한 균주가 생산하는 효소에 의해 인삼 사포닌의 ginsenoside 중 조성비율이 가장 큰 ginsenoside $Rb_1$을 약리 효능면에서 보다 우수한 ginseuoside $Rb_1$로 선택적으로 전환할 수 있음을 TLC 및 HPLC로 정량적으로 확인하였다. Total saponin을 기질로 사용하였을 경우 ginsenoside $Rb_1$은 그 함량의 82.5%까지 ginsenoside Rd로 전환되어 ginsenoside Rd의 함량을 원래 함량에 비해 4.75배까지 증가시킬 수 있었으며, ginsenoside-Rb group saponin 기질의 경우는 80.8%의 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 ginsenoside Rd로 전환되어 ginsenoside Rd의 함량을 34.7배까지 처리효소의 농도에 비례해서 증가시킬 수 있었다. 한편 다른 ginsenoside 함량변화 없이 오직 ginsenoside $Rb_1$에서 ginsenoside Rd만으로 선택적 전환을 한다는 사실이 당이나 sapogenin의 검출로도 증명되었다.