• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.127-139
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• 2023

Numerous genuine issues, for example, financial exchange expectation, climate determining and so forth has inalienable arbitrariness related with them. Receiving a probabilistic system for forecast can oblige this dubious connection among past and future. Commonly the interest is in the contingent likelihood thickness of the arbitrary variable included. One methodology for expectation is with time arrangement and auto relapse models. In this work, liner expectation technique and approach for computation of forecast coefficient are given and likelihood of blunder for various assessors is determined. The current methods all need in some regard assessing a boundary of some accepted arrangement. In this way, an elective methodology is proposed. The elective methodology is to gauge the restrictive thickness of the irregular variable included. The methodology proposed in this theory includes assessing the (discretized) restrictive thickness utilizing a Markovian definition when two arbitrary factors are genuinely needy, knowing the estimation of one of them allows us to improve gauge of the estimation of the other one. The restrictive thickness is assessed as the proportion of the two dimensional joint thickness to the one-dimensional thickness of irregular variable at whatever point the later is positive. Markov models are utilized in the issues of settling on an arrangement of choices and issue that have an innate transience that comprises of an interaction that unfurls on schedule on schedule. In the nonstop time Markov chain models the time stretches between two successive changes may likewise be a ceaseless irregular variable. The Markovian methodology is especially basic and quick for practically all classes of classes of issues requiring the assessment of contingent densities.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.271-278
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• 2008

The electro-mechanical characteristics were theoretically analyzed for the wideband ultrasonic transducer made of non-uniform thickness piezoelectric vibrator. This paper proposes a combination of exponential functions which describes the thickness variation along the length of the vibrator to derive the input admittance and power transfer function of the transducer. The bandwidth and the power transfer function of the transducer were investigated while the lateral shape of the vibrator changes. The results showed there is an optimum shape for the wideband characteristics of the transducer, and the bandwidth has increased up to over 100% as the ratio of minimum value of thickness to maximum value decreases. However, the power transfer function had a downward trend as the ratio of thickness decreases. Also we confirmed that even though the value of transfer function increases as the length of the piezoelectric vibrator increases, the shape providing wideband characteristics is very limited. It means that precision processing is required to manufacturing a wideband ultrasonic transducer with high efficiency.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.563-581
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• 2024

This paper presents a novel finite element model for the free vibration analysis of variable-thickness functionally graded porous (FGP) microplates resting on Pasternak's medium in the hygro-thermal environment. The governing equations are established according to refined higher-order shear deformation plate theory (RPT) in construction with the modified couple stress theory. For the first time, three-node triangular elements with twelve degrees of freedom for each node are developed based on Hermitian interpolation functions to describe the in-plane displacements and transverse displacements of microplates. Two laws of variable thickness of FGP microplates, including the linear law and the nonlinear law in the x-direction are investigated. Effects of thermal and moisture changes on microplates are assumed to vary continuously from the bottom surface to the top surface and only cause tension loads in the plane, which does not change the material's mechanical properties. The numerical results of this work are compared with those of published data to verify the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. In addition, the parameter study is conducted to explore the effects of geometrical and material properties such as the changing law of the thickness, length-scale parameter, and the parameters of the porosity, temperature, and humidity on the free vibration response of variable thickness FGP microplates. These results can be applied to design of microelectromechanical structures in practice.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.210-219
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• 2001

Quenched and slow cooled as well as isothermally crystallized poly(tetramethylene succinate)(PTMS) films at two different temperatures were prepared. In the process of hydrolysis of the four specimens, structural changes such as the crystallinity, crystal size distribution, lattice parameter, lamellar thickness, long period and surface morphology were investigated by using wide and small angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrolytic degradation of quenched film was faster than that of slow cooled and isothermally crystallized films. The film crystallized at 100$\^{C}$ exhibited extensive micro voids and thus showed faster degradation than that crystallized at 75$\^{C}$, demonstrating surface morphology is another important factor to govern degradation rate. The crystallinity of the specimen increased by 5-10% and long period decreased after hydrolysis for 20 days. At the initial stage of degradation, the lamellar thickness of quenched film rather increased, while that of slow cooled and isothermally crystallized films decreased. The hydrolytic degradation preferentially occurred in the amorphous region. The hydrolytic degradation in crystal lamellae are mainly at the crystal surfaces.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was conducted to test alopecia by external application with traditional oriental hair care products. Methods : A total of 20 males who visited Daegu Hanny Oriental Medical Center from December 15th, 2007 to September 30th, 2008 were included in this study. In this study, they were treated with the hair care products(shampoo, hair tonic) containing herbs. For 12 weaks hair density and hair thickness content were measured by Folliscope 2.5. Comparative analysis result between before treatment and after treatment was checked. And satisfaction after using shampoo, hair tonic was checked. Results : Change of hair density and hair thickness between before treatment and after treatment (4, 8, 12 weeks) showed significant changes(p<0.05). Comparative analysis result between before treatment and after treatment showed significant changes(p<0.0001). Satisfaction after using shampoo, hair tonic was near good. Conclusions : Considering the above results, we have concluded that hair care products containing herbs have the remarkable effect on alopecia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.76-88
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• 1993

Maternal body weight, skinfold thickness and circumference measurements were examined in 23 lactating women and 10 nonlactating women longitudinally from 1 week to 12 weeks postpartum. The dietary intakes of Korean lactating and nonlactating women were measured by 24-hour recall method and effects of maternal energy intake on body weight change were analyzed by Pearson correlation. The mean daily energy intake of breast-feeding(BF, n=12), combination of breast and formula-feeding (CF, n=11), and formula-feeding (FF, n=10) mothers were 1941kcal, 187kcal and 1727kcal, respectively. A significant decrease in weight was observed at all group. Weight losses at 12 weeks of postpartum in BF, CF and FF motheres were 3.18kg, 3.91kg and 5.15kg respectively. Weight losses increased as calorie intake decreased (${\gamma}$2=0.3803, p<0.05). The skinfold thickness and circumferences on all regions were decreased significantly except triceps and upper arm circumferences. However, there were no significant differences between lactating and nonlactating women. Anthropometric measurements decreased at the trunk but not at the limbs. Weight change was significantly correlated with changes of the scores for proximal circumference (${\gamma}$2=0.4999, p<0.05). There results suggest that lactation does not promete weight loss in well-nourished women and that the Korean RDA for energy in lactation may be too high.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.191-203
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• 2016

To investigate the dynamic sorptive and hygroexpansive behaviors of wood by different cyclic hygrothermal changing effects, poplar (populus euramericana Cv.) specimens, were exposed to dynamic sorption processes where relative humidity (RH) and temperature changed simultaneously in sinusoidal waves at 75-45% and $5-35^{\circ}C$ (condition A) and where RH changed sinusoidally at 75-45% but temperature was controlled at $20^{\circ}C$ (condition B), both for three cyclic periods of 1, 6, and 24 h. Moisture and dimensional changes measured during the cycling gave the following results: Moisture and transverse dimensional changes were generally sinusoidal. Moisture and dimensional amplitude increased with increasing cyclic period but all were lower for thicker specimens. The amplitude ratio of condition A to condition B ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 with the maximum value of 1.57 occurring at the shortest cyclic period, not as much as expected. T/R increased as cyclic period increased or specimen thickness decreased. T/R from condition B was weaker than that from condition A. Sorption and swelling hysteresis existed in both conditions. Sorption hysteresis was negatively related to cyclic period but in positive correlation with specimen thickness. Sorption hysteresis was found more obvious in condition B, while moisture sorption coefficient and humidity expansion coefficient showed the opposite results.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2003

The dimensional stability of tissue conditioners characterizes the ability of the materials to yield accurate functional impressions of oral mucosa. This study evaluated the viscoelastic property and the linear dimensional changes with the factor of time and thickness of tissue conditioners ($COE-COMFORT^{TM}$, Visco-gel. $COE-SOFT^{TM}$, Soft-Liner). The thickness of these materials were changed (1.5mm, 3.0mm) and the percentage changes in dimension were measured at 1h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 3day, 7day after specimen preparation. From the results large differences appear between the various tissue conditioners. The results suggest that the period recommended for forming functional impression would be 2-3days after insertion in the mouth. in addition. it is important to select tissue conditioners suitable for functional impression because of the wide range of dimensional stability among the materials.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.51-62
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• 2013

PURPOSE : This study of 20 healthy male subjects by applying various scapular stabilization exercise to compared Serratus anterior and lower trapezius is change in ultrasound images. METHOD : Thirty healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this study. Ultrasound imaging was recorded from the increasing the activity of Serratus anterior(SA) and Lower trapezius(LT) muscles using Push-up plus, Wall slide, Scapular plane shoulder elevation with resistance exercise. Thickness changes in the Serratus anterior(SA) and lower trapezius(LT) muscles between the relaxed and contracted states in the each exercises. To identify statistical significance, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used with the significance level of .05. RESULT : The results of this study were as follows : 1) There were statistically significant difference in thickness changes in the Serratus anterior(SA) and lower trapezius(LT) muscles between the relaxed and contracted states in the each exercises. 2) The Scapular plane shoulder elevation with resistance is more effective to Strengthening in the scapular stabilization muscles than Push up-plus and Wall slide. CONCLUSION : The Scapular plane shoulder elevation with resistance may be used to effectively that patient with various shoulder pain.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.213-222
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to study free vibration analysis of thick plates resting on Winkler foundation using Mindlin's theory with shear locking free fourth order finite element, to determine the effects of the thickness/span ratio, the aspect ratio, subgrade reaction modulus and the boundary conditions on the frequency paramerets of thick plates subjected to free vibration. In the analysis, finite element method is used for spatial integration. Finite element formulation of the equations of the thick plate theory is derived by using higher order displacement shape functions. A computer program using finite element method is coded in C++ to analyze the plates free, clamped or simply supported along all four edges. In the analysis, 17-noded finite element is used. Graphs are presented that should help engineers in the design of thick plates subjected to earthquake excitations. It is concluded that 17-noded finite element can be effectively used in the free vibration analysis of thick plates. It is also concluded that, in general, the changes in the thickness/span ratio are more effective on the maximum responses considered in this study than the changes in the aspect ratio.