• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.529-539
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• 2019

Current paper deals with thermoelastic static and free vibrational behaviors of axisymmetric thick cylinders reinforced with functionally graded (FG) randomly oriented graphene subjected to internal pressure and thermal gradient loads. The heat transfer and mechanical analyses of randomly oriented graphene-reinforced nanocomposite (GRNC) cylinders are facilitated by developing a weak form mesh-free method based on moving least squares (MLS) shape functions. Furthermore, in order to estimate the material properties of GRNC with temperature dependent components, a modified Halpin-Tsai model incorporated with two efficiency parameters is utilized. It is assumed that the distributions of graphene nano-sheets are uniform and FG along the radial direction of nanocomposite cylinders. By comparing with the exact result, the accuracy of the developed method is verified. Also, the convergence of the method is successfully confirmed. Then we investigated the effects of graphene distribution and volume fraction as well as thermo-mechanical boundary conditions on the temperature distribution, static response and natural frequency of the considered FG-GRNC thick cylinders. The results disclosed that graphene distribution has significant effects on the temperature and hoop stress distributions of FG-GRNC cylinders. However, the volume fraction of graphene has stronger effect on the natural frequencies of the considered thick cylinders than its distribution.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.939-953
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• 2014

Using the infinitesimal theory of elasticity and analytical formulation based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is presented for axisymmetric thick-walled cylinders made of functionally graded materials under internal and/or external uniform pressure. The material is assumed to be isotropic heterogeneous with constant Poisson's ratio and radially exponentially varying elastic modulus. At first, general governing equations of the FGM thick cylinders are derived by assumptions of the FSDT. Then the obtained equations are solved under the generalized clamped-clamped conditions. The results are compared with the findings of both FSDT and finite element method (FEM).

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1503-1520
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• 2015

This paper provides a novel solution for thick-walled cylinders made of functionally graded materials (FGMs). In the formulation, the cylinder is divided into N layers. On the individual layer, the Young's modulus is assumed to be a constant. For an individual layer, two undetermined constants are involved in the elastic solution. Those undetermined coefficients can be evaluated from the continuation condition along interfaces of layers and the boundary conditions at the inner surface and outer surface of cylinder. Finally, the solution for thick-walled cylinders made of functionally graded materials is obtainable. This paper provides several numerical examples which are useful for engineer to design a cylinder made of FGMs.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.477-483
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• 2003

An independent kinematic hardening material model in which the reverse yielding point is defined by the Bauschinger effect factor (BEF) , has been defined for stainless steel SUS 304. The material model and the BEF are obtained experimentally and represented mathematically as continuous functions of effective plastic strain. The material model has been incorporated in a non-linear stress analysis for the prediction of reverse yielding in thick-walled cylinders during the autofrettage process of these vessels. Residual stress distributions of the independent kinematic hardening material model at the onset of reverse yielding are compared with residual stresses of an isotropic hardening model showing the significant effect of the BEF on reverse yielding predictions. Critical pressures of direct and reverse yielding are obtained for the most commonly used cylinders and a range of permissible internal pressures for an efficient autofrettaged process is recommended.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.245-248
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• 2005

During manufacturing thick composite cylinders, large thermal residual stresses are developed and induce catastrophic interlaminar failures. Since the residual stresses are dependent on many process parameters, such as temperature distribution during cure, cure shrinkage, winding tension, and migration of fibers, calculation of the residual stresses is very difficult. Therefore a radial-cut method have been used to measure the residual stresses in the composite cylinders. But the conventional radial-cut method needs to know numerous material properties which are not only troublesome to obtain but also vary with change of fiber arrangement during consolidation. In this paper, a new radial-cut method with cut-cylinder-bending test was proposed and the measured residual stresses were compared with calculated thermal residual stresses. It was found that the new radial-cut method which does not need to know any of material properties gave better estimation of residual stresses regardless of radial variation of material properties. Additionally, interlaminar tensile strength could be obtained by the cut-cylinder-bending test.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.699-707
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• 2006

In the paper, a direct method of solution of the Navier equation is presented. An orthotropic thick hollow cylinder under a one-dimensional steady-state temperature distribution and a uniform magnetic field with general types of thermal and mechanical boundary conditions is considered. The Navier equation in terms of displacement is derived and solved analytically by the direct method, and magnetothermoelastic responses and perturbation of the magnetic field vector in the orthotropic thick hollow cylinder is described. The present method is suitable for orthotropic thick hollow cylinders placed in an axial magnetic field with arbitrary thermal and mechanical boundary conditions. Finally, numerical examples are carried out and discussed.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.49-52
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• 2000

A new composite manufacturing technique which combines winding and curing together is studied and analyzed. This method is especially suited to the manufacture of thick composite materials in which thermal spiking is a common problem. An experimental apparatus was designed and built for use with a filament winder to continuously cure a thick composite cylinder. A hoop-wound composite cylinder with 152 mm wall thickness was manufactured and embedded thermocouples and strain gages were monitored throughout the cure process. The experimental data were compared with analytical results.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.321-329
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• 1998

To ensure the structural integrity of the autofrettaged thick-walled cylinder subjected to cyclic internal pressure loading, the fatigue crack propagation life of the cylinder was evaluated. Stress intensity factors of the external cracked cylinder due to internal pressure and autofrettage loadings were calculated using the finite element method. The fatigue crack propagation lives of the cylinder based on the fracture mechanics concepts were predicted and compared to the experimental fatigue lives evaluated from the C-shaped simulation specimens. There were good correlations between the predicted and experimental fatigue lives within a factor of 3 for the single and double grooved C-shaped simulation specimens. Predicted fatigue crack propagation lives of the double grooved cylinders were about 1.5-5 times longer than those of the single grooved cylinders depending on the levels of autofrettage.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.311-316
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• 2008

Thick-walled cylinders, such as a cannon or nuclear reactor, are autofrettaged to induce advantageous residual stresses into pressure vessels and to increase operating pressure and the fatigue lifetimes. As the autofrettage level increases, the magnitude of compressive residual stress at the bore also increases. The purpose of the present paper is to predict the accurate residual stress of SCM440 high strength steel using the Kendall model which was adopted by ASME Code. Hydraulic pressure process was applied and thick-walled cylinders were autofrettaged up to 30% overstrain levels. Electro polishing was performed to get more accurate data. Residual stresses were measured by X-ray diffraction method. The autofrettaged surface which was plastically deformed analyzed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). Although there were some differences in measured residual stress and numerical, there is a tendency to agree.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2009

외부 수압을 받는 필라멘트 와인딩 후판 복합재 원통의 좌굴 및 파손을 유한요소법과 시험으로 연구하였다. 자체 개발 프로그램인 ACOS와 상업용 프로그램인 MSC.NASTRAN(선형)과 MSC.MARC(비선형)를 이용한 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 복합재 원통 시편은 T700 카본-에폭시로 필라멘르 와인딩 기법에 의해 $[\pm30/90]_{FW}$, $[\pm45/90]_{FW}$, $[\pm60]_{FW}$, $[\pm60/90]_{FW}$의 각도로 제작하여 수압시험을 수행하였다. 사용한 세 가지 프로그램 중 ACOS가 시험값과 1.7~14.3%의 차이를 보이며 좌굴 압력을 가장 잘 예측하였다. 모든 경우에 좌굴 후 지지하중이 초기 좌굴하중보다 커지지 못하고 최종파손으로 연결되었다.