• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1994

This study is designed to delve into the measuring systems of different periods so as to help with more exact representations of cultures of different periods. The basis of the measuring system in china stems from the huangjong (Huangzhong : the yellow bell) of the period of Huangdi, the length of the bell being the width of 90 black millet grains. Do (Du : width) ; 1 bun=the width of one black millet grain, 1 Chon=10 Buns, 1 Chuk=10 Chons, 1 Jang=10 Cheoks, 1 In=10 Jangs. Ryang (Lyang : volume) ; 1 Yak=the weight of 1,200 grains in the yellow bell, 1 Hab=2 Yaks, 1Seung=10 habs, 1 Du=10 Seungs, 1 Gok=10 Dus. Hyung (Hung : weight) ; 12 Jus=the weight of 1 Yak, 1Yang=24 Jus are equal 1 Hab in weight, 1 Geun=16 Ryangs, 1 Jo=30 Geuns, 1 Seo=4 Jo. In the era of Eun (In) it was decided that the 9-chon length of the Yellowbell shall be 1 Cheok. The Cheok of Ju was set at 4/5 of the length of the yellow bell. The Cheok of Ju breaks into Yongjocheok, Joryegicheok, Pogeumcheok. Yongjocheok, arising from Rohbancheok of the Ju period, is part of Gokcheok also used as a measuring tool for wooden works. The Han cheok has the same length as the yellow bell. The Sang Cheok is 4/5 of the length of the yellow bell. The Tang Cheok was originally the same as the Sang cheok but became longer and longer to be the Long cheok (31.3cm). The length-measuring system used in the three-nation era of Korea includes the gijeom cheil (35.52cm), Ju cheok (25.45cm), sunje Cheok (23.5cm), the Long Tang Cehok (29.706 cm), making 10 Bun 1 Chon and 10 Chon 1 Cheok. The volume-measuring system(Seung) was 198.81 ㎤ before 681 BC in the shilla Dynasty and was 596.42 ㎤ after that. In the seventh year of Kng Munjong of the Koryo dynasty the standard measuring system with the Long Tang Cheok as its basis was adopted, and the standard volume-measuring tools were used under the name of Migok, Daesodugok, Mijangdu, (29.706 cm), making 10 Bun 1 Chon and 10 Chon 1 Cheok. The volume-measuring system(Seung) was 198.81㎤ before 681 BC in the shilla dynasty and was 596.42 ㎤ after that. In the seventh year of King Munjong of the Koryo dynasty the standard measuring system with the Long Tang Cheok as its basis was adopted, and the standard volume-measuring tools were used under the name of Migok, Daesodugok, Kijangdu, Habseung and gokseok. The 1 Seung volumes of theses toolas were 596,447,927 and 1053㎤, respectively. were called Migok, Daesodugok, Mijangdu, Habseung and Gokseok, being respectively 596,447,927, 1053 ㎤, respectively. In the Chosun Dynasty the length of the Yeongjocheos was 27.6 cm or 31.220 in the Sejong era, 29.8 from Heonjong through Gojong, and 30.3 cm after the 6th year of King Kwangmu, and the volume of Du(Mal) also changed like 4.121 or 5.964, 5.187, 23.08 $\ell$, and the 1-Jeonjung also changed like 2.66 or bout 4, 3.45, 3.75 in line with the changes of the length system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.180-187
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• 2013

The dinger in solar generation is the amount of sunlight which the solar cells absorb. Various types of solar trackers, which rotate themselves in order to make the solar cells face the sun as much as possible, have been developed, and especially the method of tracking with two axes has greatly contributed in increasing the generation amount at work sites. Among theses 2-axis solar trackers, the inclination-dependent 2-axis solar tracker are widely utilized for its advantages of requiring less initial investment and easy maintenance due to a solid structure. However, the drawback is that the generation efficiency is relatively low because of the structural restriction that limits the rotation angle, thus making it less efficient when tracking the sun. This paper proposes a method to increase the generation efficiency of the inclination-dependent 2-axis solar tracker. It also contains the derived equations needed for precise controlling along with a method to keep tracking with the other axis even when one has reached its angle limit. To confirm that the proposed method increases the amount of incidence onto the solar cells, formulas needed for operation on the proposed method and tracking the exact position of the sun are derived, and applying this to the quarterly data of Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute it shows maximum over 11.1% more incidence compared to existing methods.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.425-438
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• 2018

Existing studies that analyze the causes and effects of water circulation use mostly rainfall - runoff models, which requires much effort in model development, calibration and verification. In this study, hydrological sensitivity analysis which can separate quantitatively the impacts by natural factors and anthropogenic factor was applied to the Hwacheon dam upper basin from 1967 to 2017. As a result of using various variable change point detection methods, 1999 was detected as a statistically significant change point. Especially, based on the hydrological sensitivity analysis using 5 Budyko based functions, it was estimated that the average inflow reduction amount by Imnam dam construction was $1.890\;billion\;m^3/year$. This results in this study was slightly larger than the those by existing researchers due to increase of rainfall and decrease of Hwacheon dam inflow. In future, it was suggested that effective water management measures were needed to resolve theses problems. Especially, it can be suggested that the monthly or seasonal analysis should be performed and also the prediction of discharge for future climate change should be considered to establish resonable measures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.488-493
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• 2012

Hemangioma and vascular malformation are the most common benign tumors that are caused by congenitally or traumatic events. Theses tumors represent approximately 1/3~1/4 of all hemangiomas and vascular malformations in the head and neck. There are many forms of treatment for hemangioma and vascular malformation including closed observation, surgery, radiotherapy, laser therapy, steroid therapy, compression, embolization, and sclerotherapy. Ethanolamine oleate is an unsaturated fatty acid salt that has been used as a sclerosing agent because of its excellent thrombosing properties. This paper presents 1 case of intraoral multiple venous malformations treatment with 1.25% ethanolamine oleate (3.6~9.6 mg dose) intralesionally injected for 6 to 14 weeks over 2 week intervals. After the sclerotherapy, lesions almost completely disappeared without side effects. In conclusion, sclerotherapy using ethanolamine oleate is very effective against venous malformations, and sufficiently provides alternative support for surgical and other methods.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.59-80
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current problems with the recovery methods and support systems for harm caused by digital sexual assault, based on cases in the U.S., U.K., and Australia. The significance of this study is the implications on problem solving related to digital sexual assault based on the legislation and systems of advanced foreign nations. The analytical method behind this study is the investigation of research literature. The reference materials are from judicial precedents, comparative analysis on media data, experts' advisory conferences, study forums, foreign theses, and documents on law and policy. As shown by the results of this study, we need to examine digital sexual exploitation and seek countermeasures from the victim's perspective after comparing foreign cases to determine the best protections and support systems. As digital sexual content can spread indefinitely, we certainly recognize the inherent difference between digital sexual crimes and offline sexual crimes. Thus, each case needs to be professionally categorized and an appropriate punishment must be suggested that satisfies the victims' needs. Ultimately, this study is meaningful for suggesting preventive measures against digital sexual crimes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.412-418
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• 2014

In this paper, for better boarding performance and pleasant boarding sensitivity of the ship, comparison and analysis was performed of motion sickness questionnaire with MSI(Motion Sickness Incidence) calculation based on ship motion theory(Strip Method) due to sea condition, incident angle in main sail way, economic speed, and calculation position of the training ship Kaya of Pukyong National University. On theses works, the rougher sea conditions became, the higher total motion sickness rate was occurred. The weights of vertical acceleration and the rates of MSI were higher at the bridge and the accommodation, which were located farther from the center of gravity of the ship. And effects of the vertical acceleration of the ship were increased in rolling then in head sea. In comparison between motion sickness questionnaire with MSI calculation, when the vertical acceleration increased, the motion sickness rate increased. The location to increase vertical acceleration and the location to cause motion sickness were agreed.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.842-846
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• 2016

It's possible for a human to breathe under water, but the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water is small and a large amount of water is necessary to obtain sufficient dissolved oxygen from water. So, large separation system with large water pumps, having large surface areas, and large battery sources are needed. Exhalation gases are used to solve this problem. Theses gases contain some oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide; they contain less oxygen and more carbon dioxide compared to air. Therefore, reduction of the amount of carbon dioxide is necessary. If exhalation gases are employed appropriately, the separation device can be made more compact. Inlet water mixed with exhalation gases is supplied into the separation device, and dissolved gases are separated from the mixed water as it passes through the device. The inlet part of a typical separation system with a water delivery pump before the membrane module has more than one atmosphere. Hence, a compressor is used to mix the exhalation gases. In this study, the pressure at the inlet due to the use of a suction pump after the membrane module was less than one atmosphere; hence, compressors were not required. Separation characteristics were studied using a separation device without a compressor. The use of exhalation gases led to an increase in the amount of dissolved gases being separated. As the amount of inlet exhalation gases was increased, the separation of dissolved gases was increased as well.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.70-80
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• 1998

This study is designed to contribute to the nursing intervention of adolescent domestic violence victims by describing specifically what they go through and on this basis work out a grounded theory on the adolescent's experience in domestic violence. The data were analyzed in the framework of grounded theory as mapped out by Strauss & Corbin(1990). The major findings of this research are as follows : The core category was found to be the the adaptation of "Joyudeum" or “Straight jacketing”. The sub-categories identified in the process of grounded data analysis were 'menacing', 'being harassed', 'being pressed', 'being attacked', 'being strapped', 'being filled with anger'. 'getting angry', 'being oppressed', 'being strained', 'becoming hard', 'endurance', 'regulation', 'seriousness'. 'repitition'. 'being helpful', 'dependence', 'thinking oriented', 'blowing off', 'going astray', 'self-deprecating', 'shaking off', 'covering up', 'governing', 'being devoted', 'performing', 'being transformed'. 'bolting', 'being shaken', 'withdrawing', 'disliking', 'bitterness'. These categories were again grouped into 13 categories including 'threatening'. 'straight jacketing', 'tolerance', 'violence', 'supporter', 'supporting type', 'thinking oriented'. 'impulsive response', 'self-controlled', 'response', 'self-reliance', 'wandering', 'withdrawal' and pain'. Of these the five sub-categories 'being filled with anger'. 'getting angry', 'being oppressed', 'being strained', 'becoming hard' were grouped into a core category "straight jacketing". Those adolescents brought up in a violent family go through three stages of the adaptation of "straight Jacketing". that is, generation, response and adaptation. The following four theses were confirmed on the basis of repetitive relations : 1) If a subject's tolerance is strong, the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious, with the resulting straight jacketing being stronger but the subject's supporter is highly mature, the supporting type is concrete and the thinking oriented is wishful, the responses to the straight jacketing result in a self-control whose consequence is self-reliance with part of it resulted in withdrawal and pain. 2) If a subject's tolerance is weak, the episodes of the violence are frequent but not serious, with the resulting straight jacketing being weaker but the subject's supporter is immature, the supporting type is superficial and the thinking oriented is extemporary, the responses to the straight jacketing result in an impulsion whose consequence is wandering with part of it resulted in withdrawal and pain. 3) If a subject's tolerance is weak, the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious, the straight jacketing is strong, the subject's supporter is immature and the supporting type is superficial but the thinking oriented is wishful, the responses to the straight jacketing result in an impulsion whose consequence is withdrawal and pain with part of it resulted in wandering. 4) If a subject's tolerance is strong and the episodes of the violence are infrequent and not serious, the straight jacketing is weak, the subject's supporter is immature and the supporting type is superficial but the thinking oriented is wishful, the responses to the straight jacketing result in a self-control whose consequence is withdrawal and pain with part of it resulted in self-reliance.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2006

The aims of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiographic features of temporomandibular dysfunction in the patients with RA to elucidate whether the RA patients would be a risk group for TMD. The 35 patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction were included for this study, of which 15 had rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed by a rheumatologist, and other 20 was control group and they didn't have any history or clinical signs related to it. Clinical symptoms and signs of temporomandibular joint disorders, radiographic and MRI findings of temporomandibular joint were investigated. The results were compared between two groups. In RA group bilateral pain, morning stiffness, reduced opening range, and crepitations were more frequently reported than control group. Radiologic findings such as sclerosis and flattening of condylar head, marginal proliferation, and erosion of glenoid fossa were more frequently observed in RA group than control group. Disk destruction, cortical bone erosion, and intraarticular enhancement were more prominenet in RA group. From theses results, it can be concluded that many RA patients will develop TMD symptoms and the structural changes of TMJ is more extensive than the usual TMD cases.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2005

Purpose: The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the effect of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) curriculum on development of comprehension of basic medical knowledge and quality of semi-structured problem solving including scientific reasoning skill. This scientific reasoning contained five components including: size of simple, design of research cause-effect, construction of risk factor, analysis statistic of data, interpretation of result. Materials and Methods: Seoul National University Dental students (100) participated in this experience during two weeks, 2004. Forty eight multiple-choice questions (MCQ) concerned "Infection Control and Prevention" were asked before and after two sections of Lecture-Based Learning (LBL) and PBL (pretest-posttest control group design). A semi-structured problem in epidemiological research was asked to these students after two sections (posttest-only control group design). Data (mean and SD) were analysed using the t Test for two independent samples (p<.05), comparing PBL versus LBL. Results: Our analyse of scores show no difference between LBL and PBL in the development of comprehension of "Infection Control and Prevention". The quality problem solving (epidemiological research) was significantly different between the two groups (p=.029); specially, two components' scores of reflection on scientific reasoning cause-effect (p=.000) and interpretation of result (p=.001) were significantly better for PBL than for LBL. Conclusion: Theses results indicate that comparing LBL and PBL, PBL curriculum have not been disadvantaged in comprehension of basic knowledge, and have contributed to develop the scientific reasoning in problem solving.