• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.423-425
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• 2001

The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique was applied to investigate the effects of Reynolds number and the characteristics of the organized motions or coherent structures as a function of downstream position from x/D=2 to 6 in a turbulent axisymmetric shear layer at Reynolds numbers of 78,400, 117,600, and 156,800. Data were collected simultaneously using the 138 hot-wire probe used by Citriniti and George (2000). The POD was then applied to a double Fourier transform in time and azimuthal direction of the double velocity correlation tensor. The lowest azimuthal mode for all POD modes, which dominated the dynamics at x=D = 3 in the previous experiments, dies off rapidly downstream. This is consistent with a trend toward homogeneity in the downstream evolution, and suggests that some residual value may control the growth rate of the far jet. On the other hand, for the higher azimuthal modes, the peak shifts to lower mode numbers and actually increases with downstream distance. These mixing layer data, normalized by similarity variables for the mixing layer, collapse at all downstream positions and are nearly independent of Reynolds numbers.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.311-325
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• 2018

This article presents the bending analysis of FGM rectangular plates resting on non-uniform elastic foundations in thermal environment. Theoretical formulations are based on a recently developed refined shear deformation theory. The displacement field of the present theory is chosen based on nonlinear variations in the in-plane displacements through the thickness of the plate. The present theory satisfies the free transverse shear stress conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factor. Unlike the conventional trigonometric shear deformation theory, the present refined shear deformation theory contains only four unknowns as against five in case of other shear deformation theories. The material properties of the functionally graded plates are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness, according to a simple power law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. The elastic foundation is modeled as non-uniform foundation. The results of the shear deformation theories are compared together. Numerical examples cover the effects of the gradient index, plate aspect ratio, side-to-thickness ratio and elastic foundation parameters on the thermo-mechanical behavior of functionally graded plates. Numerical results show that the present theory can archive accuracy comparable to the existing higher order shear deformation theories that contain more number of unknowns.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.821-826
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• 2009

Due to environmental concerns $CO_2$ has been reintroduced as a potential candidate to replace HFCs in refrigeration systems. Oils are always required in a vapor-compression cycle, and thus actual working fluid in the system is $CO_2$-oil mixtures even though the oil concentrations are low at the heat exchangers and the expansion device. The cooling heat transfer coefficients for $CO_2$-oil mixtures under supercritical condition are required to designing of the gas cooler in the $CO_2$ refrigeration system properly. In the present study, the gas cooling heat transfer coefficients for $CO_2$-PEC9 was estimated by using the Gnileinski correlation, and the Kim and Ghajar model through the previous prediction models for the thermo-physical properties of $CO_2$-oil mixture. The Gnileinski correlation was used when the oil wt.% in the mixture is less than 1.0, and for the higher oil concentration the Kim and Ghajar model was applied. The estimated results agree with the experimental results conducted by the Dang et al.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 Pre-symposium of the 10th ISWPC Recent Advances in Paper Science and Technology
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• pp.375-380
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• 1999

In order to improve the optical properties of high yield pulp, bleached chemi-thermo-mechanical pulp (BCTMP) was produced from CTMP of Betula maximowicziana Regel by two staged ozone-hydrogen peroxide bleaching. This pulp was used for the evaluation of the improvement of optical properties, chemical characteristics of lignin in fiber, and the relationship between lignin and optical properties in fiber cell wall. By hydrogen peroxide treatment, the brightness was improved, but the post color number (PC No.) was not. There was little improvement on optical properties by ozone treatment, but his could be solved by using two staged ozone-hydrogen peroxide bleaching. The hydrogen peroxide treatment did not make nay change on chemical characteristics of lignin in cell wall, but by ozone treatment, it was found that the non-aromatic conjugated structure was existed in the surface of cell wall, but this could be removed by hydrogen peroxide treatment in two staged ozone-hydrogen peroxide treatment. Therefore, the optical properties was significantly improved due to the removal of non-aromatic conjugated structure.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1990

최근 열에너지를 기계에너지로 변환이 가능한 신소재인 형상기억합금으로 제작된 새로운 형태의 actuator를 이용한 해저로봇의 개발에 관하여 많은 연구들이 행하고 있다. 저자들은 로봇의 모양을 실제 동물의 형태인 "게" 모양으로 하고, 로봇을 구동시키는 게의 다리의 모든 연결부분의 인공근육을 Ni-Ti계 형상기억합금 스프링 또는 와이어로 구성되어져 있으며, 마이크로 컴퓨터에 의하여 구동이 자유로이 조절이 가능한 게 형태의 모양 로봇을 실제의 1/20크기로 제작하였다. 이 로봇의 특징은 구조가 간단하고, 고강도, 고내식성 그리고 부드럽고 자유롭게 3차원적 동작이 가능하다는 것을 들 수 있다. 해저 로봇의 최종목표는 심해자원의 탐사 및 채굴이 이용하는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 그 가능성 및 기술적 문제 그리고 미래의 이러한 형상기억합금 로봇에 의한 심해자원 탐사를 위한 국제적인 협력의 필요성에 대하여 연구 검토하고자 한다. 검토하고자 한다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2006

For studies of fibrinolytic enzyme strain K-54 was isolated from the Korean traditional food chungkook-jang. Isolated strains K-54 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The molecular weight of fibrinolytic enzyme from B. subtilis K-54 was 27 kDa. Optimum temperature for fibrinolytic enzyme of B. subtilis K-54 was $50-70^{\circ}C$ and optimum pH for producing the enzyme of this strain was ranging from 8 to 12. Also, it was found out enzyme activity was completely inhibited by 1mM PMSF. The result indicated this enzyme was thermo-stable alkaline serine protease with strong fibrinolytic activity. The wool and silk were treated with protease of B. subtilis K-54. As a result, the property of dyeing of wool fabrics was increased. By the increasing of treatment time became smoothened. But the change of mechanical properties were not changed.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

The automatic turbine startup system provides turbine control based on thermal stress. During the startup, control system monitors and evaluates main components of turbine using damage mechanism and life assessment. In case of valve chest, the temperature of inner/outer wall is measured by thermo-couples and the safety of these values are evaluated by using allowable ${\Delta}T$ limit curve during the startup. Because allowable ${\Delta}T$ limit curve includes life assessment, it is possible to apply this curve to turbine control system. In this paper, low cycle fatigue damage and combined rupture and low cycle fatigue damage criterion proposed for yielding the allowable ${\Delta}T$ limit curve of CV(control valve) chest. To calculate low cycle fatigue damage, the stress analysis of valve chest has peformed using FEM. Automatic turbine startup to assure service life of CV was achieved using allowable ${\Delta}T$ limit curve.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2020

In order to improve fatigue life of transmission gear carburizing is normally used. Carburizing is a very good process to achieve low cost and high performance. The machined gears are heated up to carburizing temperature and then cooled rapidly in an oil bath to produce high surface hardness. The gears may undergo excessive thermal distortion during heating and rapid cooling. In order to predict the distortion during heating and rapid cooling, a coupled thermo-mechanical simulation is needed. In the current research, the simulation of heating and cooling was performed. The results show that the thermal distortion and the residual stresses are well predicted by the coupled simulation. In addition, induction heating and rapid cooling simulation is carried out to predict the thermal distortion. The amount of distortion is compared. It is shown that induction heating is very effective to reduce thermal distortion.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.316-321
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• 2000

In this study, heat collecting performance was study of flat plate solar collector by the angle. A method of study on were made turn out artificial sun by the angle of 0, 15, 30 degrees. The heat performances were measured the tube array surface temperature by thermo-couple. The winter season natural condition for 4 times on the angles of various general and emboss glass at optimum distance(0.68m) calculated of between sun and solar collector. To sum up temperature rise is appear more or less that emboss glass is all the better for general glass. The temperature variable at below of 30 degree was appear very less. The maximum performance of this system at that it is tilt angle of 30 with general glass is appear Q:11.54(kcal/min) and ${\Delta}T=18.9^{\circ}C$.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2018

Removal of angular deformation induced during the welding of butt joints in thick steel plates needs expert skill and is costly. To reduce deformation, proper joint designs are studied with a prediction of deformation prior to welding. However, as the thickness of a plate increases, a predictive analysis of the welding process is more difficult, especially if there is an increase in the number of welding passes in the joint. In this study, a numerical model with the finite element method (FEM) was developed to analyze the angular deformation in the multi-pass welding of butt joints of plates made of AH32 steel that had a thickness of up to 100 mm. A series of numerical simulations were then performed based on the developed model to predict the deformations for thick plates. With the results obtained by the analyses, this study suggested optimal X-shape grooves for the butt joints of thick plates to minimize the angular deformation. As the thickness of the plate increased to 100 mm, the ratio of the depth of the front-side groove to that of the back-side groove should be gradually increased to nearly 1:3.