• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.464-477
• /
• 2019

With the sustained and rapid development of new energy sources, the demand for electric energy is increasing day by day. However, China's energy distribution is not balanced, and the construction of transmission lines is in a serious lag behind the improvement of generating capacity. So there is an urgent need to increase the utilization of transmission capacity. The transmission capacity is mainly limited by the maximum allowable operating temperature of conductor. At present, the evaluation of transmission capacity mostly adopts the static thermal rating (STR) method under severe environment. Dynamic thermal rating (DTR) technique can improve the utilization of transmission capacity to a certain extent. In this paper, the meteorological parameters affecting the conductor temperature are analyzed with the IEEE standard thermal equivalent equation of overhead transmission lines, and the real load capacity of 220 kV transmission line is calculated with 7-year actual meteorological data in Weihai. Finally, the thermal load capacity of DTR relative to STR under given confidence is analyzed. By identifying the key parameters that affect the thermal rating and analyzing the relevant environmental parameters that affect the conductor temperature, this paper provides a theoretical basis for the wind power grid integration and grid intelligence. The results show that the thermal load potential of transmission lines can be effectively excavated by DTR, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the absorptive capacity of power grid.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.143-146
• /
• 2008

In this study the thermal impact characteristics by forest fire are extensively investigated using temperature controlled ovens. The test conditions for thermal impact damage are simulated according to the characteristics of natural forest fire. The test pieces are suspension porcelain insulators made by KRI in 2005 for transmission lines. In the thermal impact cycle tests with $300\;^{\circ}C$ thermal impact gradient (-70 to $230\;^{\circ}C$), cycling in 10 minute periods, no critical failures occurred in the test samples even with long cycle times. But in tests with thermal impact gradient from room temperature to $200-600\;^{\circ}C$, cycling in 10 to 30 minute periods, there were critical failures of the porcelain insulators according to the thermal impact gradient and quenching method. In the case of thermal impact by forest fire, it was found of that duration time is more important than the cycling time, and the initiation temperature of porcelain insulator failures is about $300\;^{\circ}C$, in the case of water quenching, many cracks and fracture of the porcelain occurred. It was found that the thermal impact failure is closely related to the displacement in the cement by thermal stress as confirmed by simulation. It was estimated that the initiation displacement by the thermal impact of $300\;^{\circ}C$ is about 0.1 %. Above 1% displacement, it is expected that the most porcelain insulators would fail.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.386-398
• /
• 2019

The transmission capacity of transmission lines is affected by environmental parameters such as ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction and so on. The environmental parameters can be measured by the installed measuring devices. However, it is impossible to install the environmental measuring devices throughout the line, especially considering economic cost of power grid. Taking into account the limited number of measuring devices and the distribution characteristics of environment parameters and transmission lines, this paper first studies the environmental parameter estimating method of inverse distance weighted interpolation and ordinary Kriging interpolation. Dynamic thermal rating of transmission lines based on IEEE standard and CIGRE standard thermal equivalent equation is researched and the key parameters that affect the load capacity of overhead lines is identified. Finally, the distributed thermal rating of transmission line is realized by using the data obtained from China meteorological data network. The cost of the environmental measurement device is reduced, and the accuracy of dynamic rating is improved.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.531-535
• /
• 2010

345kV Incheon Thermal Power Plant Transmission Line Collapse Analysis and Countermeasures. The Typhoon Galmaegi which had been formed in July 15, 2008 diminished into a tropical cyclone and cooled the air above the West Sea. The cooled air colliding with the warm inland air caused a strong whirlwind at some places in the west seaside; the whirlwind battered the 345kV Incheon Thermal Power Plant Transmission Line to be collapsed. The resistance of transmission towers against wind pressure, one of the key elements in transmission line engineering, is designed to endure the pressure corresponding to the maximum instantaneous wind speed. Before the above accident happened, no transmission line has ever been collapsed by a whirlwind. So this paper is aimed to analyze causes that collapsed 345kV Incheon Thermal Power Plant transmission line and to introduce countermeasures.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.724-736
• /
• 2019

Dynamic thermal rating technology can effectively improve the thermal load capacity of transmission lines. However, its availability is limited by the quantity and high cost of the hardware facilities. This paper proposes a new dynamic thermal rating technology based on global/regional assimilation and prediction system (GRAPES) and geographic information system (GIS). The paper will also explore the method of obtaining any point meteorological data along the transmission line by using GRAPES and GIS, and provide the strategy of extracting and decoding meteorological data. In this paper, the accuracy of numerical weather prediction was verified from the perspective of time and space. Also, the 750-kV transmission line in Shaanxi Province is considered as an example to analyze. The results of the study indicate that dynamic thermal rating based on GRAPES and GIS can fully excavate the line power potential without additional cost on hardware, which saves a lot of investment.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.199.1-199.1
• /
• 2010

Use of recycled aggregates that are constituents of concrete or asphalt-based structures has become popular because the recycling is an eco-friendly way to overcome the depletion of natural aggregates. In order to adopt the recycled aggregates for backfilling a power transmission pipeline trench, their thermal resistivity should be low enough to prevent thermal runaway in the transmission system. In this study, a series of laboratory tests with QTM-500 and KD2 Pro was performed to measure the thermal resistivity of recycled aggregates prepared from various sources. Relationships between the thermal resistivity of recycled aggregates and the water content have been obtained with consideration of compaction effort. Similar to natural soils, the thermal resistivity of the recycled aggregates decreases with increasing the water content. In addition, this study compared the experimental data with conventional prediction models for the thermal resistivity in the literature, which suggests the availability of the recycled aggregates as backfill material substituting for natural aggregates when backfilling the power transmission pipeline trench.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.576-585
• /
• 2017

Dynamic thermal rating (DTR) of overhead transmission lines can provide a significant increase in transmission capacity compared to the static thermal rating. However, the DTR are usually estimated by the traditional thermal model of overhead conductor that is highly dependent on the solar, wind speed and wind direction data. Consequently, the estimated DTR would be unreliable and the safety of transmission lines would be reduced when the solar and wind sensors are out of function. To address this issue, this study proposed a novel thermal model of overhead conductor based on the thermal-electric analogy theory and Markov chain. Using this thermal model, the random variation of conductor temperature can be simulated with any specific current level and ambient temperature, even if the solar and wind sensors are out of function or uninstalled. On this basis, an estimation method was proposed to determine the DTR in the form of probability. The laboratory experiments prove that the proposed method can estimate the DTR reliably without measured solar and wind data.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2009.07a
• /
• pp.323_324
• /
• 2009

345kV Incheon Thermal Power Plant Transmission Line Collapse Analysis and Countermeasures. The Typhoon Galmaegi which had been formed in July 15, 2008 diminished into a tropical cyclone and cooled the air above the West Sea. The cooled air colliding with the warm inland air caused a strong whirlwind at some places in the west seaside; the whirlwind battered the 345kV Incheon Thermal Power Plant Transmission Line to be collapsed. The resistance against wind pressure, one of the key elements in transmission line engineering, is designed to endure the pressure corresponding to the maximum instantaneous wind speed. Before the above accident happened, no transmission line has ever been collapsed by a whirlwind. So this paper is aimed to analyze causes that collapsed 345kV Incheon Thermal Power Plant transmission line and to introduce countermeasures.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.128-132
• /
• 2007

Thermal Imaging systems are reported to be crucial for fire fighting and beginning to be used by fire fighters. The performance of thermal imaging system is determined by both the radiation of infrared from the target and the attenuation of infrared signal in the optical path by the absorption, scattering, diffraction and reflection. In the scene of fire, water drops with various sizes such as vaporized water, wafer mist from sprinkler, and wafer to suppress the fire reside with various gas generated by burning. To measure the transmission of infrared radiation in the scene of fire, fire simulating system and thermal imagers with cooled detector which detects $3{\sim}5{\mu}m$ infrared and uncooled detector fabricated by the MEMS technology which detects $8{\sim}12{\mu}m$ infrared. are made. With thermal imagers and Ire simulating system, the change of thermal image with respect to the change of visibility controlled with the burned fas was measured. It was found that the transmission of infrared was not reduced by the burned gas, which could be explained by the long wavelength of infrared ray compared with visible ray. However, the transmission of infrared ray was largely reduced by the combination of burned gas and water mist supplied by sprinkler. This is contrary to the results of calculated transmission through the pure water mist and shows that the transmission of infrared ray is mostly affected by the compounds of water mist and burned gas. In this case, it was found that the uncooled detector which detects $8{\sim}12{\mu}m$ infrared ray is better than cooled detector which detects $3{\sim}5{\mu}m$ infrared ray for fire fighting.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.65 no.5
• /
• pp.738-744
• /
• 2016

Current rating of a power cable can be calculated by the maximum allowable temperature in an insulating material considering the heat transfer from cable conductor. Therefore, it is very important to calculate the current rating using electrical equivalent circuit by calculated cable thermal circuit parameters but, it has not been fully investigated yet. In this paper, in order to determine the current rating of power cable, conventional calculation method has been reviewed considering the conductor resistance, loss factor of sheath, dielectric losses and thermal resistances based on the maximum allowable temperature of 345 kV $2500mm^2$ XLPE cable. To confirm the calculation result of the current rating, the conductor temperature should be examined whether it reaches the maximum allowable temperature by the thermal equivalent circuit of the cable. Then, utilizing EMTP (Electro-Magnetic Transient Program) which is a conventional program for electrical circuit, the thermal equivalent circuit was transformed to an electric equivalent circuit using an analogous relationship between thermal circuit and electrical circuit, and temperature condition including cable conductor, sheath, cable jacket could be calculated by the current rating of 345 kV $2500mm^2$ XLPE cable.