• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2016

We fabricated a tin sulfide (SnS) layer with Sn/Mo/glass layers followed by a RTP (rapid thermal processing), and studied the film growth and structural characteristics as a function of annealing temperature and time. The elemental sulfur (S) was cracked thermally and applied to form SnS polycrystalline film out of the Sn percursor at pre-determined pressures in the RTP tube. The sulfurization was done at the temperature from $200^{\circ}C$ to $500^{\circ}C$ for a time period of 10 to 40 min. At ${\leq}300^{\circ}C$, 20 min., p-type SnS thin films was grown and showed the best composition of at.% of [S]/[Sn] $${\sim_=}$$ 1 and [111] preferred orientation as investigated from using XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis and EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and optical absorption by a UV-VIS spectrometer. In this paper, we report the details of growth characteristics of single phase SnS thin film as a function of annealing temperature and time associated with the pressure and ambient gas in the RTP tube.

• Carbon letters
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.36-39
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• 2003

Carbon and carbon-based materials are used in nuclear reactors and there has recently been growing interest to develop graphite and carbon based materials for high temperature nuclear and fusion reactors. Efforts are underway to develop high density carbon materials as well as amorphous isotropic carbon for the application in thermal reactors. There has been research on coated nuclear fuel for high temperature reactor and research and development on coated fuels are now focused on fuel particles with high endurance during normal lifetime of the reactor. Since graphite as a moderator as well as structural material in high temperature reactors is one of the most favored choices, it is now felt to develop high density isotropic graphite with suitable coating for safe application of carbon based materials even in oxidizing or water vapor environment. Carboncarbon composite materials compared to conventional graphite materials are now being looked into as the promising materials for the fusion reactor due their ability to have high thermal conductivity and high thermal shock resistance. This paper deals with the application of carbon materials on various nuclear reactors related issues and addresses the current need for focused research on novel carbon materials for future new generation nuclear reactors.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1053-1060
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• 2019

Thermal drying is a common process used in the food industry for the modification of agricultural products. However, while various studies have investigated the alteration in physiochemical properties and chemical composition after drying, research focusing on the relationship between different dehydration conditions and bioactivity is scarce. In the current study, we prepared dried ginger under nine different conditions by varying the processing time and temperature and compared their immunomodulatory effects. Interestingly, depending on the drying condition, there were significant differences in the immunestimulating activity of the dried ginger samples. Gingers processed at $50^{\circ}C$ 1h displayed the strongest activation of macrophages measured by $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 levels, whereas, freezedried or $70^{\circ}C$- and $90^{\circ}C$-dried ginger showed little effect. Similar results were recapitulated in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, further confirming that different dehydration conditions can cause significant differences in the immune-stimulating activity of ginger. Induction of ERK, p38, and JNK signaling was found to be the major underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the immunomodulatory effect of ginger. These results highlight the potential to improve the bioactivity of functional foods by selectively controlling processing conditions.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.428-433
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• 2018

In this study, using the pilot plant activation system, the activated cement has been manufactured and then applied to the manufacturing process of mineral hydrate insulating material. The fineness of the activated cement is controlled at $5,000cm^2/g$ and $7,500cm^2/g$ and the features of mineral hydrate insulating material, using OPC and the activated cement for each degree of fineness, has been analyzed. As the result of analyzing the crystal habit of the manufactured mineral hydrate insulting material, it is analyzed that the main crystal phase of specimen is tobermorite and some quartz peak has been detected. As the degree of fineness of the activated cement increases, the height of bubble of slurry increases as well, whereas the tendency for the density character to decrease has been detected. Along with it, as the density character decreases, the compression strength has decreases, whereas the tendency for the thermal characteristic to increases has been detected. The main features of mineral hydrate insulating material, using the activated cement with the fineness of $7,500cm^2/g$, the compression strength of 0.36 MPa, and the thermal conductivity of $0.044W/m{\cdot}K$, presents the excellent features as insulation.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.431-435
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• 2019

The thermal annealing effects on the optical transparency and luminescent characteristics of the Eu-doped Y2O3 thin films have been investigated. The as-deposited Y2O3:Eu films exhibited an optical band gap of 5.78 eV with a transparency of 89 % at a wavelength of 550 nm. As the annealing temperature increased from 1000 to 1300 ℃, the optical band gap and transparency of the films decreased from 5.77 to 4.91 eV and from 86.8 to 64.5 % at 550 nm, respectively. The crystalline quality of the films was improved with increasing annealing temperature. The annealed Y2O3:Eu films emitted a red-color photoluminescence (PL) with the highest emission peak near 612 nm. The PL intensity was increased with increasing annealing temperature to 1200 ℃, resulting from the improvement in the crystalline quality of the films. The PL intensity was decreased with further increasing temperature above 1200 ℃ due to the formation of Y2SiO5 phase by the reaction of the film with the quartz substrate.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2005

A new second generation advanced thermal imager, which can be used for battle tank sight has been developed by ADD. This system uses a $480\times6$ TDI HgCdTe detector, operating in the $7.7-10.3{\mu}m$ wavelength made by Sofradir. The IR optics has dual field of views such as $2.67\times2^{\circ}$ in NFOV and $10\times7.5^{\circ}$ in WFOV. And also, this optics is used for athermalization of the system. It is certain that our sensor can be used in wide temperature range without any degradation of the system performance. The scanning system to be able to display 470,000 pixels is developed so that the pixel number is greatly increased comparing with the first generation thermal imaging system. In order to correct non-uniformity of detector arrays, the two point correction method has been developed by using the thermo electric cooler. Additionally, to enhance the image of low contrast and improve the detection capability, we have proposed the new technique of histogram processing being suitable for the characteristics of contrast distribution of thermal imagery. Through these image processing techniques, we obtained the highest quality thermal image. The MRTD of the LWIR thermal sight shows good results below 0.05K at spatial frequency 2 cycles/mrad at the narrow field of view.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.1948-1952
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• 2007

Heat transfer augmentation based on the process intensification concept in heat exchangers and thermal reactors has received much attention in recent years, mainly due to energy efficiency and environmental considerations. The concept consists of the development of novel apparatuses and techniques that, compared to those commonly used today, are expected to bring dramatic improvements in manufacturing and processing, substantially decreasing equipment size, energy consumption, and ultimately resulting in cheaper, sustainable technologies. The objective of this paper was to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of tubular thermal reactor using static mixing technology. Glycerin and water were used as the test fluids and water was used as the heating source. The results for heat transfer rate were strongly influenced by tube geometry and flow conditions.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.496-500
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• 2008

Plastics is commonly used in consumer electronics because of it is high strength per unit mass and good productivity. But plastic parts are usually distorted after injection molding due to the residual stress after filling, packing, cooling process, and etc. And plastic material is to be deteriorated according to various temperature conditions and operating time, which can be characterized by stress relaxation and creep. The viscoelastic behavior of plastic materials in time domain can be expressed by the Prony series of the commercial code, ABAQUS. In the paper, the process to predict the post deformation under cyclic thermal loadings was suggested. The process was applied to the real panel, and the deformation predicted by the analysis was compared with that of real test, which showed the possibility of applying the suggested process to predict the post deformation of plastic product under thermal loadings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11c
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• pp.593-599
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• 2000

Accurate quantification of plant physiological properties is often necessary for optimal control of an automated greenhouse production system. Conventional crop growth monitoring systems are usually burdensome, inaccurate, and harmful to crops. A thermal image analysis system was used to accomplish rapid and accurate measurements of physiological-property changes of water-stressed crops. Thermal images were obtained from several species of plants that were placed in a growth chamber. Analyzing the images provided the pattern of temperature changes in a leaf and the amount of differences in the temperature of stressed plants and non-stressed plants.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.439-444
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• 1999

Automated greenhouse production systems often require crop growth monitoring involving accurate quantification of plant physiological properties. Conventional methods are usually burdensome, inaccurate, and harmful to crops. A thermal image analysis system can accomplish rapid and accurate measurements of physiological-property changes of stressed crops. In this research a thermal imaging system was used to measure the leaf-temperature changes of several crops according to water deficit. Thermal images were obtained from lettuce, cucumber, pepper, and chinese cabbage plants. Results showed that there were significant differences in the temperature of stressed plants and non-stressed plants. The temperature differences between these two group of plants were 0.7 to 3$^{\circ}C$ according to species.