• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.319-323
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 Mobile 기기의 다양한 기능을 지원하기 위해 사용되는 내부 회로들의 낮은 전압 레벨을 지원하기위해 가장 널리 사용되는 SMPS(Switch Mode Power Supply)방식의 Buck converter를 설계한다. 제안된 Buck converter는 넓은 부하 영역에서 높은 효율을 가지는 것을 목적으로 일반적인 구동 방식인 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)Mode의 고 효율 저 리플 특성 구현 외에 PFM(Pulse Frequency Modulation) Mode를 적용하여 낮은부하 조건 혹은 부하를 사용하지 않는 대기 시간에서도 고 효율 저 리플 특성을 가지는 Dual mode synchronous buck converter를 설계한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 부하 변동 시에 PWM - PFM Mode로의 효율적인 변환방법 및 저 리플 특성을 위한 방법을 제안한다. 또한 제안된 IC는 Mobile 기기에 부합하는 입력 전압 범위 2.5V-5V를 가지며, 2.5Mhz의 높은 주파수로 동작하여 리플 특성이 양호하고 집적화가 유리하다. 고효율을 위하여 Synchronous Type 설계 및 Dynamic Control 방식을 적용하였다. 보호 기능으로는 회로 동작의 초기 시에 발생하는 Inrush Current를 방지하기 위한 Soft start function 외에 Current limit, Thermal shutdown function, UVLO 회로가 내장되어 신뢰성을 높였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.531-538
• /
• 2013

A mass balance method established in this laboratory was applied to determine the purity of an endosulfan-II pure substance. Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was used to measure organic impurities. Total of 10 structurally related organic impurities were detected by GC-FID in the material. Water content was determined to be 0.187% by Karl-Fischer (K-F) coulometry with an oven-drying method. Non-volatile residual impurities was not detected by Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) within the detection limit of 0.04% (0.7 ${\mu}g$ in absolute amount). Residual solvents within the substance were determined to be 0.007% in the Endosulfan-II pure substance by running GC-FID after dissolving it with two solvents. The purity of the endosulfan-II was finally assigned to be ($99.17{\pm}0.14$)%. Details of the mass balance method including interpretation and evaluating uncertainties of results from each individual methods and the finally assayed purity were also described.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.265-278
• /
• 1973

분자의 병진운동과 회전운동의 상관함수에 대한 감쇠함수 모델을 사용하여 분자액체의 비간섭중성자 산란단면적을 분석하였다. 이러한 방법은 직접적으로 산란함수를 구한다는 점에서 중간함수를 거치는 종래의 방법과는 판연히 다르다. 감쇠함수는 그장파장극한과 일반진동수 분포함수간의 간단한 관계에서 결정하였고 병진운동과회전 운동의 결합관계는 무시된다고 가정하였다. 분자질량중심의 병진운동은 그 짧은 시간과 장시간에서의 행위를 적절히 기술하는 물리적 모텔을 사용하였고 회전운동은 쌍극상관함수 또는 적외선진동 홈수스펙트럼의 푸리어 변환으로 된 감쇠함수에 관계된다고 가정하였다. 액체메탄에 대한 이론적 절대 산란강도를 계산하였으며 이는 열 및 냉중성자 측정치와 만족할만한 일치를 보여주고 있다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 1999

In this study, microstructure and electrical conductivity of {(G $d_2$ $O_3$)$_{0.75}$( $Y_2$ $O_3$)$_{0.25}$}$_{x}$ (Ce $O_2$)$_{1-x}$ (0.01$\leq$x$\leq$0.25) was investigated as a function of composition x. GYO addition(x) increased the bulk density and G $d_2$ $O_3$ was found to be monoclinic at x>0.15. From the change of the lattice parameter with the addition(x), GYO solution limit for ceria was exceeded in the range of x=0.05 to 0.09. Thermal expansion coefficient(15~17$\times$10$^{-6}$ $^{\circ}C$) of GYC samples at x=0.01 to 0.07 was higher in value than that of 8YSZ(10.8$\times$10$^{-6}$ $^{\circ}C$). The electrical conductivity of GYC samples at x=0.05 showed the maximum(0.01S/cm) in value at 1073K which was 2 times higher than that of 8YSZ. The activation energy for the electrical conduction was determined to be 0.60eV in the temperature range of 1073K.3K..3K.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2016

The use of electromagnetic wave has been interested in various energy industry because it enhances a flame stability and provides higher safety environments. However it might increase the pollutant emissions such as NOx and soot, and have harmful influence on human and environments. Therefore, it is very important to understand interaction mechanism between flame and electromagnetic wave from environmental point of view. In this study, an experiment was performed with jet diffusion flames induced by electromagnetic wave. Microwave was used as representative electromagnetic wave and a flickering flame was introduced to simulate the more similar combustion condition to industry. The results show that the induced microwave enhances the flame stability and blowout limit. The unstable lifted flickering flames under low fuel/oxidizer velocity is changed to stable attached flames or lift-off flames when microwave applied to the flames, which results from the abundance of radical pool. However, NOx emission was increased monotonically with increasing the microwave power as microwave power increased up to 1.0 kW. The effects might be attributed to the heating of combustion field and thermal NOx mechanism will be prevailed. Soot particle was examined at the post flame region by TEM grid. The morphology of soot particle sampled in the microwave induced flames was similar to the incipient soot that is not agglomerated and contain a lots of liquid phase hydrocarbon such as PAH, which soot particle formed near reaction zone is oxidized on the extended yellow flame region and hence only unburned young particles are emitted on the post flame region.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.76-79
• /
• 2012

위성의 전력 시스템은 전력의 생산, 변환 및 분배를 담당하는 주요한 시스템으로, 임무 수명뿐 아니라 임무 횟수, 시기 등의 설계에 사용된다. 이중 전력의 변환을 담당하는 변압기의 부하와 입력 조건에 따라 안정화 설계가 이루어 져야 하지만, 실지 궤도상에서 Test 및 check-out을 진행할 수 없는 특성으로 다양한 입출 조건 변화에 대한 성능 및 안전성을 확인하기위한 방법이 요구된다. 일반적으로 위성 컨버터는 다양한 부하 조건에 따라 설계되므로, 부피 및 설계의 효율성을 위해 다중 출력 및 여러 개의 stage를 거쳐서 전력 변환이 이루어지게 된다. 하지만, 이로 인해 분석에 많은 어려움을 지니게 되어 직관적인 회로의 파악은 쉽지 않게 된다. 또한 일반적인 분석으로는 모든 상태 방적식의 해를 구하기 쉽지 않아서 실제 운용 시에 가해질 수 있는 소자에 대한 영향성에 대한 분석이 힘들 수 있게 된다. EDF model은 fundamental 주파수 분석을 통해 모든 소자에 대한 분석이 가능한 방법이며 multi-stage의 경우에도 입력 모델링으로 한꺼번에 1st stage와 2nd stage의 분석이 가능한 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 EDF 방법을 통한 modeling과 시뮬레이션 modeling을 비교하여 적용의 타당성을 분석하고, 이를 통해 제어기를 설계하여 multi-stage 컨버터의 직관적인 회로 분석이 가능함을 확인 하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.401-414
• /
• 2013

HTR50S is a small modular reactor system based on HTGR. It is designed for a triad of applications to be implemented in successive stages. In the first stage, a base plant for heat and power is constructed of the fuel proven in JAEA's $950^{\circ}C$, 30MWt test reactor HTTR and a conventional steam turbine to minimize development risk. While the outlet temperature is lowered to $750^{\circ}C$ for the steam turbine, thermal power is raised to 50MWt by enabling 40% greater power density in 20% taller core than the HTTR. However the fuel temperature limit and reactor pressure vessel diameter are kept. In second stage, a new fuel that is currently under development at JAEA will allow the core outlet temperature to be raised to $900^{\circ}C$ for the purpose of demonstrating more efficient gas turbine power generation and high temperature heat supply. The third stage adds a demonstration of nuclear-heated hydrogen production by a thermochemical process. A licensing approach to coupling high temperature industrial process to nuclear reactor will be developed. The low initial risk and the high longer-term potential for performance expansion attract development of the HTR50S as a multipurpose industrial or distributed energy source.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제20권7호
• /
• pp.651-657
• /
• 2010

Previous experimental results performed by many researchers for a couple of decades in South Korea have shown that an absorbing sheet inserted in a conventional floating slab system for thermal insulation or vibration absorption may amplify the vibration of the slab system at specific frequency ranges depending on the material properties of the sheet. The amplified vibration, consequently, results in the heavy weight floor impact noise exceeding the sound level limit for an apartment house, 50 dB. In this study, the amplification mechanism is examined through numerical analysis and a new slab system is proposed to reduce the amplification and control the noise. The new slab system consists of studs connecting the base slab and upper concrete finishing yielding the dramatically increased stiffness of the slab. The numerical simulation is performed to investigate the effect of the slab system with studs on the vibration and noise control. The results show that the performance of the slab is sensitive to the number and location of studs, and the heavy weight floor impact noise can be reduced up to 6~7 dB compared to the conventional slab system at the optimal stud location.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2005

Kyung-hee Thorium Fuel (KTF), a heterogeneous thorium-based seed and blanket design concept for pressurized light water reactors, is being studied as an alternative to enhance proliferation resistance and fuel cycle economics of PWRs. The proliferation resistance characteristics of the KTF assembly design were evaluated through parametric studies using neutronic performance indices such as Bare Critical Mass (BCM), Spontaneous Neutron Source rate (SNS), Thermal Generation rate (TG), and Radio-Toxicity. Also, Fissile Economic Index (FEI), a new index for gauging fuel cycle economy, was suggested and applied to optimize the KTF design. A core loaded with optimized KTF assemblies with a seed-to-blanket ratio of 1: 1 was tested at the Korea Next Generation Reactor (KNGR), ARP-1400. Core design characteristics for cycle length, power distribution, and power peaking were evaluated by HELIOS and MASTER code systems for nine reload cycles. The core calculation results show that the KTF assembly design has nearly the same neutronic performance as those of a conventional $UO_2$ fuel assembly. However, the power peaking factor is relatively higher than that of conventional PWRs as the maximum Fq is 2.69 at the M$9^{th}$ equilibrium cycle while the design limit is 2.58. In order to assess the economic potential of a heterogeneous thorium fuel core, the front-end fuel cycle costs as well as the spent fuel disposal costs were compared with those of a reference PWR fueled with $UO_2$. In the case of comprising back-end fuel cycle cost, the fuel cycle cost of APR-1400 with a KTF assembly is 4.99 mills/KWe-yr, which is lower than that (5.23 mills/KWe-yr) of a conventional PWR. Proliferation resistance potential, BCM, SNS, and TG of a heterogeneous thorium-fueled core are much higher than those of the $UO_2$ core. The once-through fuel cycle application of heterogeneous thorium fuel assemblies demonstrated good competitiveness relative to $UO_2$ in terms of economics.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.430-436
• /
• 2021

비접촉형 체온 측정 시스템은 광학 및 열화상 카메라를 활용하여 집단시설의 발열성 질병을 관리하는 핵심 요소 중 하나이다. 기존 체온 측정 시스템은 딥러닝 기반 얼굴검출 알고리즘이 사용되어 얼굴영역의 단순 체온 측정에는 활용할 수 있지만, 의사표현이 어려운 영유아의 이상 징후를 인지하는데 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 체온 측정 시스템에서 영유아의 이상징후 감지를 위해 표정인식 알고리즘을 개선한다. 제안된 방법은 객체탐지 모델을 사용하여 영상에서 영유아를 검출한 후 얼굴영역을 추출하고 표정인식의 핵심 요소인 눈, 코, 입의 좌표를 획득한다. 이후 획득된 좌표를 기반으로 선택적 샤프닝 필터를 적용하여 표정인식을 진행한다. 실험결과에 따르면 제안된 알고리즘은 UTK 데이터셋에서 무표정, 웃음, 슬픔 3가지 표정에 대해 각각 2.52%, 1.12%, 2.29%가 향상되었다.