• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.8
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• pp.386-396
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• 2006

We implemented the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method in order to improve the conventional moxibustion therapy. This method is aimed to eliminate burning wounds and smoke, which are the defects of conventional moxibustion therapy. And we performed to verify the efficiency by comparing the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method with the conventional Indirect Moxibustion Therapy. We measured the body heat and the lasting time of blood circulation improvement using thermography. The moxibustion therapy has two kinds of effects: The formers are pharmacological effects of the Moxa's vasodilators and antioxidants. The latters are thermal effects which cause improvement of the blood circulation. To remove the demerits without omission of above therapeutic effects, we extracted the vasodilators and antioxidant compounds from the Moxa-$CH_2Cl_2$ fraction Moxa-EtOAc and composed the moxibustion kit with $(Ba_{0.8}\;Sr_{0.2})_{0.996}\;Y_{0.004}\;TiO_2+0.5_{WT}\;SiO_2%$ Positive Temperature Coefficients Thermistor. The experimental demonstrations have been made by the stimulating the spot which is CV4(Kwan-Won), CV8(Shin-Guel), CV12(Jung-Wan) acupuncture points of the conception vessel meridian(CV). And stimulating time was one hour. We divided the subjects into 5 groups such as no stimulation group, conventional Indirect Moxibustion group, only Drug-Pad stimulation group, only heat stimulation group, and Drug-Pad Moxibustion group. In the different cases, we have measured the body heat in pre-stimulation, just after stimulation, 2 hours after, and 4 hours after. The body heats of the group who were stimulated by the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method were increased by over the $2^{\circ}C$. And the body heats of the group who were stimulated by the Indirect Moxibustion Method were increased by average the $1^{\circ}C$. We have evaluated that the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method is improvement on the conventional Indirect Moxibustion Method by the heat-increasing rate is 200% and the lasting time is 150% with the body heat of the abdominal region. In the conclusions, We have implemented the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method and evaluated the efficiency of the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method comparing with the conventional Indirect Moxibustion Method.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.523-534
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• 2002

A new hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) capable of exhibiting reflection colours in the temperature ranges of about 60-$130^{\circ}C$ and acrylic acid esters of HPC (ESs) with degree of esterification (DE) ranging from 1 to 3 were synthesized. The crosslinked ES films with the optical pitch ($\lambda_m$) ranging throughout the visible region were also prepared by exposing thermotropic cholesteric phases of ESs with a DE of more than 2 to UV light at $50^{\circ}C$. The thermal and optical properties for both the uncrosslinked and crosslinked samples and the swelling behavior of the crosslinked films in acetone were investigated. The $\lambda_m$'s of ESs, as well as HPC itself, increased with temperature. However, the $\lambda_m$'s of ESs were larger than of HPC at the same temperature and decreased with increasing DE. The temperature dependence of $\lambda_m$of the crosslinked samples was much weaker than that of ESs. Moreover, in contrast with ESs that exhibit a decrease of the isotropization temperature with increase in the DE, the networks were found to decompose at about $210^{\circ}C$, giving no transition to an isotropic state. The crosslinked samples exhibited an anisotropic swelling, suggesting that the two-dimensional crosslinking preferentially performs between ES molecules.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.240-252
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• 2015

In the original licensing application for the prototype fast-breeder reactor, MONJU, the event progression during an unprotected loss of flow (ULOF), which is one of the technically inconceivable events postulated beyond design basis, was evaluated. Through this evaluation, it was confirmed that radiological consequences could be suitably limited even if mechanical energy was released. Following the Fukushima-Daiichi accident, a new nuclear safety regulation has become effective in Japan. The conformity of MONJU to this new regulation should hence be investigated. The objectives of the present study are to conduct a preliminary evaluation of ULOF for MONJU, reflecting the knowledge obtained after the original licensing application through CABRI experiments and EAGLE projects, and to gain the prospect of in-vessel retention for the conformity of MONJU to the new regulation. The preliminary evaluation in the present study showed that no significant mechanical energy release would take place, and that thermal failure of the reactor vessel could be avoided by the stable cooling of disrupted-core materials. This result suggests that the prospect of in-vessel retention against ULOF, which lies within the bounds of the original licensing evaluation and conforms to the new nuclear safety regulation, will be gained.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2016

Production of iodine-131 by neutron activation of tellurium in tellurium dioxide ($TeO_2$) material requires a target that meets the safety requirements. In a radiopharmaceutical production unit, a new lid for a can was designed, which permits tight sealing of the target by using tungsten inert gaswelding. The leakage rate of all prepared targets was assessed using a helium mass spectrometer. The accepted leakage rate is ${\leq}10^{-4}mbr.L/s$, according to the approved safety report related to iodine-131 production in the TRIGA Mark II research reactor (TRIGA: Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics). To confirm the resistance of the new design to the irradiation conditions in the TRIGA Mark II research reactor's central thimble, a study of heat effect on the sealed targets for 7 hours in an oven was conducted and the leakage rates were evaluated. The results show that the tightness of the targets is ensured up to $600^{\circ}C$ with the appearance of deformations on lids beyond $450^{\circ}C$. The study of heat transfer through the target was conducted by adopting a one-dimensional approximation, under consideration of the three transfer modes-convection, conduction, and radiation. The quantities of heat generated by gamma and neutron heating were calculated by a validated computational model for the neutronic simulation of the TRIGA Mark II research reactor using the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code. Using the heat transfer equations according to the three modes of heat transfer, the thermal study of I-131 production by irradiation of the target in the central thimble showed that the temperatures of materials do not exceed the corresponding melting points. To validate this new design, several targets have been irradiated in the central thimble according to a preplanned irradiation program, going from4 hours of irradiation at a power level of 0.5MWup to 35 hours (7 h/d for 5 days a week) at 1.5MW. The results showthat the irradiated targets are tight because no iodine-131 was released in the atmosphere of the reactor building and in the reactor cooling water of the primary circuit.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.648-656
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• 1997

Thermal treatment of soymilk residue was carried out at 140, 150, and $160^{\circ}C$ for possible use as a raw material for dietary fiber, and some physicochemical properties of the extracts were investigated. Soluble dietary fiber(SDF) content of the extracts prepared under optimal conditions was more than 30% suggesting the conversion of insoluble dietary fiber to SDF. The main sugar components of the extracts were glucose, galactose, and arabinose. Analysis of the moelcular weight distribution by high performance size exclusion chromatography revealed that the proportion of high molecular weight fraction decreased and that of middle-sized polymer increased as the extraction temperature increased. The viscosity of aqueous solution of the extracts decreased with an increase in extraction temperature, but showed no trend as pH changed. The solubility increased with extraction temperature showing the highest at $160^{\circ}C$. The extract at $140^{\circ}C$ had the biggest calcium-binding capacity, which correlated with the changes in viscosity.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.191-198
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• 2011

Background: Postlaminectomy peridural fibrosis is inevitable. Some studies have compared and identified the effects of high molecular weight hyaluronic acids (HMWHA) and low molecular weight hyaluronic acids (LMWHA) on peridural fibrosis in postlaminectomy animal models. However, no studies have been found that compare pain behaviors between hyaluronic acids or among hyaluronic acids and other solid materials. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between pain-related behaviors and histopathologic changes in laminectomized rats using various peridurally administered materials. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats, laminectomized at the L5 and L6 levels, were divided into four groups: group C, laminectomy only; group L, laminectomy and LMWHA application; group H, laminectomy and HMWHA application; group F, laminectomy and fat interposition. Pain behaviors were checked before, 3 days, 1 week, and 3 weeks after surgery. Histopathological changes were checked at the L5 level 3 weeks after the surgery. Results: The 50% withdrawal thresholds in groups L and H were higher than that in groups C and F three days after laminectomy (P < 0.05). The paw withdrawal time did not change among the groups and in each group during the study period. Peridural fibrosis in group F was significantly lower than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Hyaluronic acids significantly reduced mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia. Peridural fibrosis did not show any correlation with pain behaviors. There have been limited studies on the correlation between peridural fibrosis and pain behavioral change, which should be verified by further studies.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.239-256
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• 2017

In the process of site selection for a radioactive waste disposal, site characterization must be carried out to obtain input parameters to assess the safety and feasibility of deep geological repository. In this paper, methodologies of site characterization for radioactive waste disposal in Korea were suggested based on foreign cases of site characterization. The IAEA recommends that site characterization for radioactive waste disposal should be performed through stepwise processes, in which the site characterization period is divided into preliminary and detailed stages, in sequence. This methodology was followed by several foreign countries for their geological disposal programs. General properties related to geological environments were obtained at the preliminary site characterization stage; more detailed site characteristics were investigated during the detailed site characterization stage. The results of investigation of geology, hydro-geology, geochemistry, rock mechanics, solute transport and thermal properties at a site have to be combined and constructed in the form of a site descriptive model. Based on this site descriptive model, the site characteristics can be evaluated to assess suitability of site for radioactive waste disposal. According to foreign site characterization cases, 7 or 8 years are expected to be needed for site characterization; however, the time required may increase if the no proper national strategy is provided.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2017

Alignment of 967 reference sequences of the typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin family of proteins revealed that 10 amino acids were conserved, with over 99% identity. To investigate whether the conserved aspartic acid residues and serine residue affect the peroxidase and chaperone activity of the protein, we prepared yeast TSA1 mutant proteins in which aspartic acids at positions 75 and 103 were replaced by valine or asparagine, and serine at position 73 was replaced by alanine. By non-reducing SDS-PAGE, TSA1 and the S73A, D75V and D75N mutants were detected in dimeric form, whereas the D103V and D103N mutants were detected in various forms, ranging from high molecular-weight to monomeric. Compared with wild type TSA1, the D75N mutant exhibited 50% thioredoxin peroxidase activity, and the S73A and D75V mutants showed 25% activity. However, the D103V and D103N mutants showed no peroxidase activity. All proteins, except for the D103V and D103N mutants, exhibited chaperone activity at $43^{\circ}C$. Our results suggest that the two conserved aspartic acid residues and serine residue of TSA1 play important roles in its thioredoxin peroxidase activity, and D103 plays a critical role in its chaperone activity.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.119-129
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal leakage of glass ionomer cement with different cavosurface margins. 192 class V cavities were prepared on freshly extracted non-carious teeth and glass ionomer cement were inserted according to the manufacturer's instructions. Cavity preparations for this investigation were performed in four groups. The experimental specimens were made by packing the glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ionomer Type II G-C Co. Japan) into the prepared 192 cavities of four groups with different modes: Group I. - The 48 cavities with $90^{\circ}$ butt-joint cavosurface preparation and restored with glass ionomer cement. Group II. - The 48 cavities with butt-joint preparation modified by $135^{\circ}$ beveling the cavosurface in the dentin and restored with glass ionomer cement. Group III. - The 48 cavities with butt-joint preparation modified by cutting a chamfer in the dentin and restored with glass ionomer cement. Group IV. - The same 48 cavities as group I, and overfilled with glass ionomer cement beyond the cavosurface angle. And four groups above described divided into three subgroups by means of conditioning the cavity walls: Control group. - Glass ionomer cement filled in the prepared 64 cavities after being cleaned with a stream of tap water. Phosphoric acid treatment group. - Glass ionomer cement filled in the prepared 64 cavities after being conditioned with a 50% phosphoric acid. Citric acid treatment group. - Glass ionomer cement filled in the prepared 64 cavities after being conditioned with a 50% citric acid. All 192 specimens were immersed in the 2.0% basic fuchsin solution and subjected to thermal stress at one-minute intervals ($4{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ to $60{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) for 70 minutes before exposure to the dye. The specimens were sectioned ecclesiologically through the center of the restorations for different periods of immersion time, 24 hours, 7 days, 14 days 30 days. The sections were examined under a stereoscopic microscope. The results were as follows: 1. The degree of marginal leakage in group II and III was greater than that in group I and IV. 2. The degree of marginal leakage in phosphoric acid treatment group was similar with that in control group. 3. The degree of marginal leakage in citric acid treatment group was less than that in control group. 4. In all groups, the degree of marginal leakage in phosphoric acid treatment group was greater than that in citric acid treatment group. 5. There is no statistical difference of the degree of marginal leakage according to the immersion time in the dye solution.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.144-158
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• 2012

A higher spatial resolution is preferable to support the accuracy of detailed climate analysis in urban areas. Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) and satellite (KOMPSAT-2, Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-2) images at 1 to 4 m resolution were utilized to produce digital elevation and building surface models as well as land cover maps at very high(5m) resolution. The Climate Analysis Seoul(CAS) was used to calculate the fractional coverage of land cover classes in built-up areas and thermal capacity of the buildings from their areal volumes. It then produced analyzed maps of local-scale temperature based on the old and new input data. For the verification of the accuracy improvement by the precise input data, the analyzed maps were compared to the surface temperature derived from the ASTER satellite image and to the ground observation at our detailed study region. After the enhancement, the ASTER temperature was highly correlated with the analyzed temperature at building (BS) areas (R=0.76) whereas there observed no correlation with the old input data. The difference of the air temperature deviation was reduced from 1.27 to 0.70K by the enhancement. The enhanced precision of the input data yielded reasonable and more accurate local-scale temperature analysis based on realistic surface models in built-up areas. The improved analysis tools can help urban planners evaluating their design scenarios to be prepared for the urban climate.