• 건축역사연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.41-59
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• 2003

Hugo $H\"{a}ring$(1882-1952) belonged to that special generation of architects born in the 1880s which became responsible for the establishment of Modern Movement in the 1920s as W. Gropius, Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, etc. Although he have been overlooked by many historian, He was a key figure of the Modern architecture and as the main theorist for Organic stream in German architecture. He is well-known for his theory of 'Neues Bauen(New Building)', the organic functionalism that is epitomized as the design process from the inside outwards, starting with the life-processes of dwelling. So he argued that the builder must become aware of the life process his building is to serve, and he should not impose a form but try to find the form. These concepts are expressed well in his key-words, the 'Organwerk(organ-work)' and 'Leistungsform(form as achievement)'s. $H\"{a}ring's$ theory can be found in the short early essay, 'Wege zur Form(approaches to form)' of 1925. But His concept of 'function' is based on the speciality and individual identity that concerned him from the start, not purely pragmatic aspects. After 1940s his theory moved increasingly in this direction. He defined this as the transition from 'Organwerk' to 'Gesetaltwerk', from mere anatomy to essence, being, personality, life. It suggest that Hugo Haring's idea of Gestalt is a dimension of mystical or symbolic meaning. This paper Is about the way in which this theoretical transition can be parallel with contemporary philosophers as E. Cassirer's philosophy of symbolic forms and M. Heldegger's phenomenology. And the key example of this viewpoint is (1921-1926) near Lubuk in Germany, with its 'cowshed' of pear shaped plan devised around the requirements and rituals of farm. This study presents the symbolic conception of Hugo $H\"{a}ring's$ theory can propose the ability of a symbolic intuition as a view that re-integrate technical thinking with knowledge of other kinds beyond the immediate material.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.109-130
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• 2011

이 연구의 목적은 한국과 일본의 중등 가정 교육과정의 성격, 목표 내용, 교수 학습방법, 평가/내용취급에 명시된 녹색생활 교육내용의 관점을 비교 분석하는데 있다. 한국의 2007 개정 교육과정의 중학교 기술 가정, 고등학교 기술 가정, 가정과학과 일본의 2008 고시 중학교 기술 가정, 2009 고시 고등학교 가정기초 가정총합, 생활디자인의 교육과정을 분석하였다. 한국과 일본의 가정 교육과정 분석결과, 양국 교육과정의 '성격', '목표', '내용', '교수 학습 밥법, 평가/내용취급' 요소에 모두 녹색 생활 교육의 다양한 측면이 포함되어 있었다. 양국 모두 교육과정의 '내용' 요소에 녹색생활 교육 측면이 가장 많이 구체적으로 반영된 반면 '성격'과 '목표' 요소에는 반영 정도도 낮고 추상적이고 포괄적인 방법으로 반영되어 있다. 양국 교육과정 전반에 나타난 가정교과에서의 녹색생활 교육은 이론적 측면보다는 가정생활 전반에 걸쳐 실천적이고 체험적 측면을 강조하고 있었다. 녹색생활 교육 요소가 적고 편중된 내용영역은 차기 교육과정 및 교과서를 개발할 때 관련 내용의 보완이 요구되며, 핵심 내용요소는 사실적 지식 제시를 넘어서 환경과의 관련성에서 구성해야 할 것이다.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.71-96
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• 2020

본 연구는 국내 음악치료 및 물리치료 분야에서 리듬청각자극(RAS)을 적용하여 수행된 연구를 비교분석하였다. 이를 위해 1999년부터 2018년 11월까지 발표된 학위 논문과 학술지 게재 연구 중 RAS 및 보행기능 관련 주제어를 검색하여 기준에 부합한 45개의 연구를 선정하였고, 세부중재방법과 리듬자극의 유형, 기술된 치료 원리의 측면에서 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 두 영역에서의 연구 모두 일정한 간격의 리듬을 핵심적인 치료 자극으로 사용하고 RAS의 기본 절차를 따른 점에서는 공통적이었지만, 목표기능이나 구체적인 리듬제공방법에 있어서는 차이가 있었다. 음악치료 연구에서는 모두 보행기능이 목표 변인이었던 데 비해, 물리치료 연구에서는 균형이나 근력, 고유수용성감각 등 관련 신체기능이 목표에 포함되었다. 또한 음악치료 연구에서는 다양한 요소를 포함한 '음악'이 리듬자극으로 활용된 반면, 물리치료 연구에서는 메트로놈을 리듬자극으로 활용한 연구가 음악을 활용한 연구보다 많았다. RAS 원리와 관련하여 단순한 기법 설명 외에 동조화와 같이 치료의 원리가 충분히 기술된 연구는 물리치료보다는 음악치료 분야에서 많이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 음악치료 연구에서는 리듬과 더불어 음악의 다양한 요소가 보행에 미칠 수 있는 영향이 고려되어 음악의 역할이 적극적으로 활용된 반면, 물리치료 연구에서는 보행에 영향을 미치는 다양한 신체기능에 대한 개입이 포함된 경향이 있음을 보여준다. 두 가지 측면 모두 재활에 있어 중요한 부분임을 고려할 때, 본 연구는 다학제간 연구를 기반으로 한 RAS 연구의 기법의 확장 적용에 대한 시사점을 제시한다고 할 수 있다.

• 복식
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• 제58권7호
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• pp.76-91
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to prescribe formative perspectives as a framework where the aesthetic taste and demands of a certain period are embodied and to develop new analytical tools to examine the beauty of dress in terms of form. First, the theoretical tools selected for this study are Heinrich Wolfflin's formative perspective theory derived from art and Marilyn R. DeLong's framework for visual analysis of dress. Second, several issues that limited the development of a new framework for analyzing the form of dress were identified and addressed. Third, the selected aspects of dress form to be analyzed are specified. They are: silhouette, inner form, structure form, materials and patterns based upon the relationship between the body, dress and space in order to develop new formative perspectives. Based upon these theories a new framework for analyzing dress aesthetics in terms of form is developed. This reconstructed framework consists of three sets of antagonistic representational styles: closed form/open form, linear form/painterly form and multiplicity/unity. Closed form/open form represented in dress can be classified by the clear or obscure silhouette shown not only in the relationship between the dress and space around the dress, but also from changeability or invariability of dress in relation to the body. The material, pattern and various design elements are used as the central criteria to determine the linear/painterly characteristics in dress representations. Finally, the multiplicity/unity can be found in the relationship between the whole and the parts. Multiplicity is represented in dress when the parts have a visual priority over the whole, whereas unity is represented when a dress as a whole has visual priority over the parts. A dress represented with closed form, linear characteristic and multiplicity is perceived as a clear form. In contrast, a dress with open form, painterly characteristic and unity is understood to be an obscure form. It can be said that this study is the first attempt to establish the formative perspectives for analyzing the form of dress in various periods, cultures and races for the future studies.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.75-87
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• 1998

These days social and economical changes have influence on the structure of family and the role of family members. Working mothers and widowers with children are increasing because of economical difficulties. Support from relatives are decreasing because of the conspicuous trend toward nuclear families. According to these reasons androgynous fathers are required. Today's fathers in Korea socially and culturally have learned about traditional parenting, but they are changing their fathering styles to meet the demands of the times. However they don't have their own fathering models. Therefore nurses who hold an advantageous position to teach and support from clinic have to encourage them to care their infants. The purposes of this study were to define father's care giving in infancy, understand influencing factors on fathering, and the differences between fathering and mothering, then contribute to nursing implementation for supporting fathers. This study was designed to review references about father's care giving. The results were follows: Six aspects of parent participation were direct care. indirect care, play, decision-making concerning the child, amount of time of sole responsibility for the child and overall availability to the child. Direct care involved feeding, bathing, going to child if child awakens. dressing, putting child to bed, taking child to doctor, nurse, or dentist, transporting child to and from sitter, day care, or school, washing child's hair. Indirect care involved cleaning up after child, preparing child's food, fixing child's broken playthings, washing child's clothes, arranging baby-sitting, shopping for child's toys and clothes, transporting baby-sitter to and from your home. Young fathers were gradually participating in direct care like feeding, taking child to doctor. Father's care giving stimulated mothering and promoted parent-infant relationship. Influencing factors of fathering would be divided into father characteristics, surrounding factors, infant attributes. Father characteristics were age, role perception, relationship with parent. Surrounding factors were the opportunity of early contact, support system, spouse's expectation, marital adjustment, feeding type, past experience of care giving. Infant attributes were temperament, behavior, age, sex. The differences between fathering and mothering were reviewed. Fathers were poor at care giving. but their caring was similar to mother's. This subtle difference positively worked upon infant's growth and development. On the basis of these theoretical data, nurses can empower fathers to cooperate with mothers in caring infants.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2014

1990년대 중반 국내 유통시장 개방 이후 우리나라 소매업의 가장 큰 변화중의 하나는 외국계 할인점의 등장과 백화점의 급성장이라 할 수 있다. 할인점과 백화점은 우리나라 소매시장의 주류를 이루어온 재래시장이나 슈퍼마켓 중심으로 형성되어 온 유통산업구조 변화를 가지고 왔다. 소매업이 단순히 물건을 구매하는 장소개념에서 즐거움, 행복등 다양한 가치를 제공하는 공간으로 변하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 이론적 실증적 연구를 통해 백화점 쇼핑경험가치가 백화점 브랜드나 이미지에 그리고 충성도에 미치는 영향관계를 파악하는데 있다. 특히 독립변수인 쇼핑 경험가치를 심미성, 유희성, 소비자이익, 서비스 우수성으로 구분하여 내생변수인 브랜드인지도, 브랜드이미지와 최종변수인 점포충성도에 유의적인 영향관계가 있는지를 검증하였다. 국내에 거주하면서 백화점 이용경험이 있는 소비자들을 대상으로 252명을 설문 조사하여, 235명을 분석에 사용하였다. 실증분석은 SPSS 17.0K와 AMOS 17.0을 이용하여 공분산 구조분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 쇼핑 경험가치중에서 소비자 이익을 제외한 변수에서 인지도와 이미지에 정의 영향관계가 있을 뿐만 아니라, 점포 충성도에 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이 연구를 통해서 백화점 고객들은 단순히 상품을 구매하기 위해서 백화점을 이용하는 것이 아니라, 즐거움과 행복이라는 가치를 얻기 위해서 백화점을 이용하고, 어떤 측면에서 이런 면들이 백화점 이미지나 인지도, 충성도에 더 큰 영향을 준다고 할 수가 있다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

The Sasang constitutional Medicine is the original medicine that is created from the deep studies on former Eastern medical theories by Lee Jae-Ma in the late 19th century. This medicine deals with the interaction between mind and body in great depth. The temperament (the distinct nature and character of an individual, 性情) concept is the theoretical basis which divides man's constitution into four(Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin). This concept is derived from The old oriental Sung-Myung concept which has philosophical meaning. These terms of Sung and Jung also have metaphysical meaning and can not be explained easily. but roughly, The temperament is divided two concept. the distinct nature(性) means human's nature and the distinct nature(情) means human's desire. Besides, In Sasang constitution medicine, terms that traditionally represent emotions in asia are used as terminology of temperament. Altough too many aspects about Human's mind remains unknown yet, According to Neurological evidences, the brain is regarded as the main organ that produces rationality and emotion. Especially the way that brain produces an emotion provides some clues that can tell us how can mind affect body. Emotion is considered as evolutionary adaptation to response correctly against unexpected chaotic external changes. It is something that humans are born with, and causes physical responses simultaneously. Moreover, It can be come out with or without consciousness. The temperament(性情) concept and Emotion have similarity that both play an important role in mind-body correlation. Therefore Neurological researches on emotion were able to help reinterpret temperament(性情) concept. the distinct nature(性) seems to be the emotion that is come out directly from the brain stem, and the distinct nature(情) seems to be the emotion that is produced after neocortex involved thinking process. And the reason why Sung and Jung affect organs differently is explained from the manner that brain expresses emotion.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

In 2008, baby formula containing melamine was found to be responsible for a large outbreak of renal failure in infants in China. A total of 294,000 infants were hospitalized, and at least 6 babies died due to ingestion of the tainted formula. Melamine contains high levels of nitrogen (>60%), which is used as an indicator of protein content. Therefore, high levels of melamine in infant formula were thought to be the result of deliberate contamination m an attempt to increase its apparent protein content. Following inspections by China's national inspection agency, assorted products from at least 22 dairy manufacturers across China were found to have varied levels of melamine (range: 0.096196.61 mg/kg). Melamine co-exposure with cyanuric acid can induce acute melamine-cyanurate crystal nephropathy, which can lead to renal failure at much lower doses than if either compound were ingested alone. However, currently, there are very few data on melamine analogues other than cyanuric acid. At an expert meeting of the WHO and FAO held to review toxicological aspects of melamine and cyanuric acid on December 14, 2008, a new tolerable daily intake (TDI) of melamine was established that could be applied to the entire population, including infants. Therefore, a risk assessment of the various theoretical melamine contamination levels in infant formula and selected representative foods (other than infant formula and sole-source nutrition products) is urgently needed for Korean babies and children up to 7 years of age. Although the undetectable level regulation for infant formula may be low enough to guarantee the safety of babies under the age of 1 year (including premature babies), the melamine standard of 2.5 ppm for foods other than baby formula could be insufficient to protect the 95th percentile population aged 1~2 years because of this demographic's high consumption of milk, yogurt, and soy milk (hazard index = 1.79). Because TDIs are chronic values intended to protect an individual over his/her lifetime, occasional modest ingestion in excess of the TDI is not likely to be a health concern. However, children aged 1~2 years may have renal systems that are comparatively more sensitive to the crystallization of melamine and its analogues. Therefore, governmental jurisdictions may need to practice more prudent management of food items that could raise the melamine exposure for this population.

• 감성과학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.147-162
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• 2010

본 연구는 국제 기아 돕기 캠페인을 대상으로 긍 부정 프레이밍의 영향과 관여도와의 상호작용을 조사하였다. 이론적으로 국제 기아 돕기 캠페인은 위험 회피와 연관된 행동이므로 긍정 프레이밍이 더욱 유효할 것이라는 주장과 돕기 행동은 부정적 감성의 소구가 중요하기 때문에 부정적 프레이밍이 더욱 유효할 것이라는 상충된 예측을 연구를 통해 밝혀내고자 하였다. 연구는 실험으로 설계되었으며, 실험 참가자들은 기부를 하지 않았을 때 지속될 기아 어린이들의 고통을 강조하거나, 기부를 하였을 때 기아 어린이들이 얻을 수 있는 기쁨과 안도를 강조한 캠페인에 각각 노출되었다. 실험 결과는 먼저 긍·부정 프레이밍이 태도나 행위 의도에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났지만 관여도와 상호작용은 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 그 상호작용이 태도와 행위 의도사이에 상반된 방향을 보이는 예상치 못한 결과가 나타났다. 태도에서는 관여도가 높은 집단에서는 부정적 프레이밍이, 관여도가 낮은 집단에서는 긍정적 프레이밍이 더 효과적으로 나타났다. 반면, 행위 의도에서는 그 방향이 반대로 나타나, 관여도가 높은 집단에서는 긍정적 프레이밍이, 관여도가 낮은 집단에서는 부정적 프레이밍이 더 효과적이라는 결과가 도출되었다. 이러한 결과가 내포한 의미와 국제 기아돕기 캠페인 제작에 적용할 수 있는 실용적 의미에 대해 논의하였다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.49-70
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• 2002

There have recently been increasing exchanges between South and North Korea in many areas of society, involving politics, economics, culture, education. In response to these developments, research activities are more strongly demanded in each of these areas to help prepare for the final unification of the two parts of the nation. In the area of mathematics education, scholars have started to conduct comparative studies of mathematics education in South and North Korea. As a response to the growing demand of the time, in this thesis we compared the secondary mathematics education in South Korea with that in North Korea. To begin with, we examined the background of education, in North Korea, particularly predominant ideological, epistemological and teaching theoretical aspects of education in North Korea. Thereafter, we compared the mathematics curriculum of South Korea with that of North Korea. On the basis of these examinations, we compared the secondary school mathematics textbooks of South and North Korea, and we attempted to suggest a guideline for researches preparing for the unification of the mathematics curriculum of South and North Korea. As a communist society, North Korea awards the socialist ideology the supreme rank and treats all school subjects as instrumental tools that are subordinated to the dominant communist ideology. On the other hand, under the socialist ideology North Korea also emphasizes the achievement of the objective of socialist economic development by expanding the production of material wealth. As such, mathematics in North Korea is seen as a tool subject for training skilled technical hands and fostering science and technology, hence promoting the socialist material production and economic development. Hence, the mathematics education of North Korea adopts a so-called "awakening teaching method," and emphasizes the approaches that combine intuition with logical explanation using materials related with the ideology or actual life. These basic viewpoints of North Korea on mathematics education are different from those of South Korea, which emphasize the problem-solving ability and acquisition of academic mathematical knowledge, and which focus on organizing as well as discovering knowledge of learners' own accord. In comparison of the secondary school mathematics textbooks used in South and North Korea, we looked through external forms, contents, quantity of each area of school mathematics, viewpoints of teaching, and term. We have identified similarities in algebra area and differences in geometry area especially in teaching sequence and approaching method. Many differences are also found in mathematical terms. Especially, it is found that North Korea uses mathematical terms in Hangul more actively than South Korea. We examined the specific topics that are treated in both South and North Korea, "outer-center & inner-center of triangle" and "mathematical induction", and identified such differences more concretely. Through this comparison, it was found that the concrete heterogeneity in the textbooks largely derive from the differences in the basic ideological viewpoints between South and North Korea. On the basis of the above findings, we attempted to make some suggestions for the researches preparing for the unification in the area of secondary mathematics education.