굴 효소 가수분해물 첨가 요구르트의 제조 및 특성 (Preparation and Characterization of Enzymatic Oyster Hydrolysates-added Yogurt)
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- 한국식품영양과학회지
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- 제35권7호
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- pp.926-934
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- 2006
양식산 굴에 대하여 Protamex(1단 가수분해)와 Neutrase (2단 가수분해)로 가수분해하고, 한외여과장치(MWCO, 3 kDa)로 분획한 획분을 동결건조한 다음, 이의 효율적 이용을 위하여 굴 효소가수분해물(OHP) 첨가 기능성 강화 요구르트의 제조를 시도하였고, 아울러 그 특성에 대하여도 살펴보았다. pH, 적정산도, 점도, 생균수 및 관능평가를 통해 OHP 첨가 요구르트의 최적 starter는 lactobacillus bulgaricus와 Streptococcus thermophilus의 1:1의 비율로 혼합한 균주로 선정되었다. OHP의 첨가량별 최적 발효시간은 무첨가 제품 8시간, OHP 0.5 제품이 6.5시간, OHP 1.0 제품은 5.5시간, OHP 1.5 제품은 5.0시간, PHP 무첨가 대조군 및 시판 요구르트에 비해 우수하였고, 관능검사 결과 OHP를 1.0 g 첨가한 제품이 가장 적합하였다. OHP 1.0 제품의 일반성분, pH 4.31, 적정산도(1.07%) 및 생균수
목적: 관상동맥질환은 치료법이 개발되어 있는 매우 치명적인 질환이므로 빠른 진단과 치료방법의 결정 및 재발이나 앞으로의 위험성에 대한 평가가 중요하다. 최근에는 병태생리를 반영하는 심근관류 SPECT와 해부학적 영상인 CT의 퓨전 영상에 대한 기대가 증가되고 있다. 저자들은 심근관류 SPECT에서 가역적인 관류 변화가 있었던 환자에서 퓨전영상의 유용성에 대하여 후향적 분석을 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 다기관 공동 연구로 전국 5개 대학 병원에서 48명의 환자(남:녀=26:22, 나이:
본 연구에서는 한약재 원료로 사용되는 당귀에서 뿌리를 수확한 후 부산물인 당귀잎을 활용하는 범위를 넓히고자 당귀잎을 착즙액 형태로 첨가량을 달리하여 제빵 하고, 식빵의 물성을 분석하여 제빵 가능한 당귀잎 착즙액 첨가량 범위를 확인하고자 하였다. 결과에서 발효팽창력은 우리밀을 이용하여 제조한 빵(DOWF)과 1% 당귀잎 착즙액 고형분을 첨가하여 제조한 빵(1% SDLJ) 사이에 통계적 유의차가 없었으나 당귀잎 착즙액의 함량이 증가할수록 부피 팽창력은 낮아지는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 수분함량은 당귀잎 착즙액 첨가량이 많을수록 줄어드는 경향을 나타내었으며 저장 기간에는 모든 처리구에서 통계적으로 유의차를 나타내며 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 색도는 당귀잎 착즙액의 첨가량이 많을수록 L값은 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었고, a값은 음의 값을 나타내었으며 b값은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 저장 기간에 따라서 L값은 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었고 a값은 음의 값을 나타내었으며, b값의 변화는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 탄력성은 당귀잎 착즙액의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 저장 기간에는 감소하였다. 응집성은 수입밀로 제조한 빵(IMWF)이 DOWF보다 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 저장 기간에 급격히 감소하였다. 검성, 깨짐성 및 경도는 당귀잎 착즙액의 첨가량이 증가할수록 높아지는 경향을 나타내었으나 IMWF, DOWF와 1% SDLJ 사이에서 통계적 유의차는 없었다. 제빵 직후 물성 분석 결과 IMWF, DOWF와 1% SDLJ 사이에 유의차가 없어 당귀잎 착즙액을 이용하여 제빵 할 때는 1% SDLJ로 하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단되었다. 식빵의 저장 기간과 물리적 특성 사이의 상관성을 주성분 분석(principal component analysis, PCA)하였을 때 PC1에 대한 variance proportion은 0.87이었고 PC2에 대한 variance proportion은 0.10이었다. PCA 분석 결과 1% SDLJ는 제빵 후 및 저장 3일째에도 DOWF나 IMWF와 같은 대조구와 제빵 후 특성 및 저장성이 유사한 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 당귀잎 착즙액으로 제빵 할 경우에는 1% SDLJ로 제빵 하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. 당귀잎 착즙액을 이용하였을 때 제빵 가능성이 확인되었으므로 앞으로 기호성에 대한 연구가 더 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.
Objective: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a diagnostic tool that provides precise and reproducible information about cardiac structure, function, and tissue characterization, aiding in the monitoring of chemotherapy response in patients with light-chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA). This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of CMR in monitoring responses to chemotherapy in patients with AL-CA. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, we enrolled 111 patients with AL-CA (50.5% male; median age, 54 [interquartile range, 49-63] years). Patients underwent longitudinal monitoring using biomarkers and CMR imaging. At follow-up after chemotherapy, patients were categorized into superior and inferior response groups based on their hematological and cardiac laboratory responses to chemotherapy. Changes in CMR findings across therapies and differences between response groups were analyzed. Results: Following chemotherapy (before vs. after), there were significant increases in myocardial T2 (43.6 ± 3.5 ms vs. 44.6 ± 4.1 ms; P = 0.008), recovery in right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain (median of -9.6% vs. -11.7%; P = 0.031), and decrease in RV extracellular volume fraction (ECV) (median of 53.9% vs. 51.6%; P = 0.048). These changes were more pronounced in the superior-response group. Patients with superior cardiac laboratory response showed significantly greater reductions in RV ECV (-2.9% [interquartile range, -8.7%-1.1%] vs. 1.7% [-5.5%-7.1%]; P = 0.017) and left ventricular ECV (-2.0% [-6.0%-1.3%] vs. 2.0% [-3.0%-5.0%]; P = 0.01) compared with those with inferior response. Conclusion: Cardiac amyloid deposition can regress following chemotherapy in patients with AL-CA, particularly showing more prominent regression, possibly earlier, in the RV. CMR emerges as an effective tool for monitoring associated tissue characteristics and ventricular functional recovery in patients with AL-CA undergoing chemotherapy, thereby supporting its utility in treatment response assessment.
The interplay between hedonic and utilitarian attributes has assumed special significance in recent years; it has been proposed that consumption offerings should be viewed as experiences that stimulate both cognitions and feelings rather than as mere products or services. This research builds on previous work on hedonic versus utilitarian benefits, regulatory focus theory, customer satisfaction to address two question: (1) Is the shopping goal at the point of purchase different from the shopping value? and (2) Is the customer loyalty after the use different from the shopping value and shopping goal? We surveyed 345 peoples those who have bought the electronic-goods within 6 months. This research dealt with the shopping value which is consisted of 2 types, hedonic and utilitarian. Those who pursue the hedonic shopping value may prefer the pleasure of purchasing experience to the product itself. They tend to prefer atmosphere, arousal of the shopping experience. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "hedonic" to refer to their aesthetic, experiential and enjoyment-related value. On the contrary, Those who pursue the utilitarian shopping value may prefer the reasonable buying. It may be more functional. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "utilitarian" to refer to the functional, instrumental, and practical value of consumption offerings. Holbrook(1999) notes that consumer value is an experience that results from the consumption of such benefits. In the context of cell phones for example, the phone's battery life and sound volume are utilitarian benefits, whereas aesthetic appeal from its shape and color are hedonic benefits. Likewise, in the case of a car, fuel economics and safety are utilitarian benefits whereas the sunroof and the luxurious interior are hedonic benefits. The shopping goals are consisted of the promotion focus goal and the prevention focus goal, based on the self-regulatory focus theory. The promotion focus is characterized into focusing ideal self because they are oriented to wishes and vision. The promotion focused individuals are tend to be more risk taking. They are more sensitive to hope and achievement. On the contrary, the prevention focused individuals are characterized into focusing the responsibilities because they are oriented to safety. The prevention focused individuals are tend to be more risk avoiding. We wanted to test the relation among the shopping value, shopping goal and customer loyalty. Customers show the positive or negative feelings comparing with the expectation level which customers have at the point of the purchase. If the result were bigger than the expectation, customers may feel positive feeling such as delight or satisfaction and they would want to share their feelings with other people. And they want to buy those products again in the future time. There is converging evidence that the types of goals consumers expect to be fulfilled by the utilitarian dimension of a product are different from those they seek from the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004). Specifically, whereas consumers expect the fulfillment of product prevention goals on the utilitarian dimension, they expect the fulfillment of promotion goals on the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan, and Majahan 2007; Higgins 1997, 2001) According to the regulatory focus theory, prevention goals are those that ought to be met. Fulfillment of prevention goals in the context of product consumption eliminates or significantly reduces the probability of a painful experience, thus making consumers experience emotions that result from fulfillment of prevention goals such as confidence and securities. On the contrary, fulfillment of promotion goals are those that a person aspires to meet, such as "looking cool" or "being sophisticated." Fulfillment of promotion goals in the context of product consumption significantly increases the probability of a pleasurable experience, thus enabling consumers to experience emotions that result from the fulfillment of promotion goals. The proposed conceptual framework captures that the relationships among hedonic versus utilitarian shopping values and promotion versus prevention shopping goals respectively. An analysis of the consequence of the fulfillment and frustration of utilitarian and hedonic value is theoretically worthwhile. It is also substantively relevant because it helps predict post-consumption behavior such as the promotion versus prevention shopping goals orientation. Because our primary goal is to understand how the post consumption feelings influence the variable customer loyalty: word of mouth (Jacoby and Chestnut 1978). This research result is that the utilitarian shopping value gives the positive influence to both of the promotion and prevention goal. However the influence to the prevention goal is stronger. On the contrary, hedonic shopping value gives influence to the promotion focus goal only. Additionally, both of the promotion and prevention goal show the positive relation with customer loyalty. However, the positive relation with promotion goal and customer loyalty is much stronger. The promotion focus goal gives the influence to the customer loyalty. On the contrary, the prevention focus goal relates at the low level of relation with customer loyalty than that of the promotion goal. It could be explained that it is apt to get framed the compliment of people into 'gain-non gain' situation. As the result, for those who have the promotion focus are motivated to deliver their own feeling to other people eagerly. Conversely the prevention focused individual are more sensitive to the 'loss-non loss' situation. The research result is consistent with pre-existent researches. There is a conceptual parallel between necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits and luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha 2007; Higginns 1997; Kivetz and Simonson 2002b). In addition, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the precedence principle contends luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits higher than necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits. Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha (2007) show that consumers are focused more on the utilitarian benefits than on the hedonic benefits of a product until their minimum expectation of fulfilling prevention goals are met. Furthermore, a utilitarian benefit is a promise of a certain level of functionality by the manufacturer or the retailer. When the promise is not fulfilled, customers blame the retailer and/or the manufacturer. When negative feelings are attributable to an entity, customers feel angry. However in the case of hedonic benefit, the customer, not the manufacturer, determines at the time of purchase whether the product is stylish and attractive. Under such circumstances, customers are more likely to blame themselves than the manufacturer if their friends do not find the product stylish and attractive. Therefore, not meeting minimum utilitarian expectations of functionality generates a much more intense negative feelings, such as anger than a less intense feeling such as disappointment or dissatisfactions. The additional multi group analysis of this research shows the same result. Those who are unsatisfactory customers who have the prevention focused goal shows higher relation with WOM, comparing with satisfactory customers. The research findings in this article could have significant implication for the personal selling fields to increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of the sales such that they can develop the sales presentation strategy for the customers. For those who are the hedonic customers may be apt to show more interest to the promotion goal. Therefore it may work to strengthen the design, style or new technology of the products to the hedonic customers. On the contrary for the utilitarian customers, it may work to strengthen the price competitiveness. On the basis of the result from our studies, we demonstrated a correspondence among hedonic versus utilitarian and promotion versus prevention goal, WOM. Similarly, we also found evidence of the moderator effects of satisfaction after use, between the prevention goal and WOM. Even though the prevention goal has the low level of relation to WOM, those who are not satisfied show higher relation to WOM. The relation between the prevention goal and WOM is significantly different according to the satisfaction versus unsatisfaction. In addition, improving the promotion emotions of cheerfulness and excitement and the prevention emotion of confidence and security will further improve customer loyalty. A related potential further research could be to examine whether hedonic versus utilitarian, promotion versus prevention goals improve customer loyalty for services as well. Under the budget and time constraints, designers and managers are often compelling to choose among various attributes. If there is no budget or time constraints, perhaps the best solution is to maximize both hedonic and utilitarian dimension of benefits. However, they have to make trad-off process between various attributes. For the designers and managers have to keep in mind that without hedonic benefit satisfaction of the product it may hard to lead the customers to the customer loyalty.
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70