• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.67-74
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• 2022

Purpose: In the current era of rapid development of the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector, the formation of an effective regulatory approach is important. There are some methodological shortcomings and difficulties in the approach system of international organizations that assesses the level of application of ICT in various areas in terms of quantity and quality. The basic element of economic growth differs according to the economic conditions prevailing in the period and the country. While the agricultural sector plays an active role in economic growth or development in an underdeveloped country, in a developed country, capital-intensive and even technology-intensive production is the main element of economic growth. From this point of view, the contribution of information and communication technologies (ICT) to Azerbaijan's socio-economy for the period between 2010-2020 will be examined. Research design and methodology: The unit root test and Granger causality test were applied by taking the CDPPC per Capita, Employment, and Unemployment Rate from the social-o-economic data as the dependent variable, fixed and mobile phone usage and internet usage as the independent variables. The principal results: According to the results obtained; It has been determined that the use of ICT positively affects the socio-economic economic situation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.111-122
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• 2016

Support and efforts are being strengthened at the national level for entrepreneurial activities that are expected to revitalize our economy. Generally, according to the previous studies, it is known that entrepreneurship positively affects economic growth and the reduction of unemployment rate through employment creation. The analysis of the impact of entrepreneurial activities on economic growth and job creation is mainly based on national comparative analysis. In this paper, however, the impact of start-up activities in the Busan metropolitan city on regional economic growth and employment improvement. In this study, the dummy variables were assigned to firms within three years, five years, and ten years after start-up according to the period since the start-up of the firm. As a result of the empirical analysis, the value of dummy variable of the start - up firms was found to be significant in the analysis of the sales growth rate as the dependent variable according to the preceding study by Evans(1987). Therefore, it can be seen that the growth rate of the start - up company is higher than that of the other companies and it is positive for the regional economic growth. In addition, the coefficient of the dummy variable decreases from the enterprise analysis to the latter within three years, five years, and ten years after the start-up, and confirms that the coefficient of the firm's start-up years has a negative value. I could see more clearly. On the other hand, in the analysis of the effect of start-up firms on unemployment rate reduction, the growth rate of regular workers was higher than that of other firms. This suggests that it positively affects the reduction of the unemployment rate in the region. In addition, in the dynamic analysis using the Almon estimation formula and the Koyck model, the effect of log-transformed net start-up firms on the growth rate of new workers is very significant. As a result of the above model, It is reaffirmed that start-up activity has a positive effect on employment growth.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.768-778
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the re-employment process of inactivated nurses returning to the nursing field and to develop a grounded theory about their re-employment experiences. Methods: Data was collected through a face-to-face interview and telephone interviews from 10 nurses. The ground theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin (1998) was used for theoretical sampling in accordance with their unemployment period and reason for leaving prior to reemployment; whereas works of data collection and analysis were performed concurrently. Results: The core category was discovered to be 'identifying a career path by striking a balance between the practical and the ideal'. This series of processes was categorized into five stages: 'trying to get a job again', 'tolerating difficulties as a beginner', 'trying their best to remain a nurse', 'trying to get another job', and 'staying in the profession till the end'. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest an understanding and profound insight on the issue of a nursing shortage.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.386-402
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyse reemployment status of nurses participated in reemployment support program and to examine the effects of 2011-2013 reemployment programs which were managed by regional centers under Korean Nurses Association. An analysis was conducted using the data of self reported structured questionnaire from 332 career-interrupted nurses who were unemployed more than 6 months and have received reemployment services. The major finding were as follows. 59.9% of respondents were successfully reemployed, but 22.3% didn't get a job and 17.8% left jobs again after reemployed. Major reasons of not being employed were unmatched working hours and low salary. Subgroup analyses show that the reemployment program worked better to the respondents with older age, three year college graduate, and longer unemployment period than the respondents with young, four year college graduate, and short period of unemployment. The results show that more diverse reemployment programs are need to fit various kinds of career interrupted nurses, along with the development of different work hour systems and improvement of salary.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.355-364
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• 2009

This study investigated the labor market outcomes between IT graduates and non-IT graduates in terms of employment, wage, and work period through Monte-Carlo and Calibration method. The empirical result of the movement from work to unemployment implied that IT major graduates have stable work period irrespective of continuous employment, and but the number of work period of non-IT graduates decreases. It also showed that IT related department graduates got relatively paid more than non-IT graduates and IT major graduates was 0.8% higher wage premium than non-IT graduates.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.45-71
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• 2022

This paper studies potentially relevant factors affecting changes in the number of self-employed in Korea during the period of 1986-2018. The number of self-employed had increased steadily until 2002 but started to decrease around that time and had continued to decline. The increasing trend in the number of self-employed during 1986-2001 is mostly explained by demographic changes, whereas the declining trend during 2002-2018 cannot be explained by demographic factors. In this study, I consider four institutional factors that potentially affect the decrease in the number of self-employed after 2002: i) a decrease in the job-separation rate of wage workers, ii) an increase in the income tax rate applied to the self-employed, iii) an increase in minimum wages, iv) an expansion of unemployment insurance benefits. Using a search and matching model with the self-employed, I quantify the effects of these four factors on the decrease in the number of self-employed during 2002-2018. Quantitative results show that the impact of the increase in the minimum wage is relatively large, whereas the effects of the other three factors are limited. The increase in the minimum wage accounts for approximately 17.5% (0.169 million) of the decrease in the number of self-employed during 2002-2018 (0.964 million).

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2015

This study applied a cox proportional hazard model for analysis, using data of the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disable from the first to fifth years. The purpose of the study is to make a policy suggestion necessary for the support of employment for the disabled, by analyzing important factors affecting employment of the unemployed disabled according to the unemployment period. Results of the analysis were: a model that considered all the sociodemographic, obstructive and social environmental factors was verified; the higher subjective SES of the disabled, the higher employment rate of the unemployed disabled; compared to the severely disabled, the slightly disabled had more advantages for employment; and relatively the lower unearned income, the higher employment rate. This study suggested based on these results limitations and implications of the study.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2022

To help the industry, outsourcing was found to be the most efficient method. An extensive literature analysis was done to assess the macroeconomic factors associated with outsourcing to supplement the anxious parties' decision-making process with evidence-based comprehensive tools. As a theoretical framework for evaluating these issues, transaction cost economies and resource-based perspective theories are investigated. Outsourcing is proven to be a result of energy crises and political instability. The advantages of outsourcing assist major industries in the economy. To discover the key drivers behind outsourcing, we used the vector autoregressive (VAR model) and step-wise regression techniques for the period 1992 to 2016. This research adds to the literature in that it not only explains the energy issue but also discusses the dilemma of political instability in the country in the context of outsourcing. The findings indicate that labor cost and export tendency have a positive impact on outsourcing strategy, which confirms the study's third and fourth hypotheses. Customs tax, inflation, and the unemployment rate, on the other hand, have a negative impact on textile outsourcing in Pakistan, according to the study's fifth, sixth, and seventh hypotheses.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.19-23
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• 2017

It is undisputable that crude oil and its price fluctuations are major components that affect most of the countries' economies. Recent studies have demonstrated that beside the impact that crude oil price fluctuations have on common macroeconomic indicators like gross domestic product (GDP), inflation rates, exchange rates, unemployment rate, etc., it also has a strong influence on stock markets and their performance. This relationship has been examined in a number of settings, but it is yet to be unraveled in the Omani context. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to examine the possible effect of the oil price fluctuations on stock price movements. The study applies Toda and Yamamoto's (1995) Granger non-causality test on the daily Oman stock index (Muscat Securities Market Index) and oil prices between the period of 2 January 2003 and 13 March 2016. The results indicated that the oil price fluctuations have a significant impact on stock index movements. However, the stock price movements do not have a significant impact on oil prices. These findings have significant implications not only for the Omani economy but also for the economy of similar countries, particularly in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The latter should carefully consider their policies and strategies regarding crude oil production and the generated income allocation as it might potentially affect the financial markets performance in these countries.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2016

This research is concerned with comparing fluctuation in the Korean and the US economies in order to ascertain the degree to which the former is influenced by changes in the latter. The aim of this research is to explore business cycles, to examine consumer expenditure in Korea and the US, and to discover the relationships between business fluctuation indexes and overall expenditure. Statistical data from the national statistics of Korea and the US during period from 1990 to 2015 were used. The instrument included a measure of GDP, unemployment rates, GDP deflator rate (inflation rates), and household income and expenditure. For the average annual household expenditures, food, apparel and transportation expenditure data were compared across the two countries. Data were collected separately from different (though comparable) sources and were analyzed using relatively straight forward statistical techniques. It was found that Korean and the US consumers' income and expenditure were greatly affected by economic fluctuations. Total expenditure and the expenditures for food and transportation were much influenced by business fluctuation in the US, whereas, the expenditures for apparel were much influenced by business fluctuation in Korea.