• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 2013

As longevity of human-beings is extended and the population of aged people increases, diverse issues related with the aged people are presented. The neighborhood space for the aged people is required to be designed based upon the understanding of such difficulties of the elderly and the public outdoor environment is an important environmental resource that can enhance the quality of life and promote the health of the elderly in underprivileged area without burdening them economically. This study aims to research the daily life of the elderly in underprivileged urban area and their utilization styles of outdoor environments in order to find out the push factors and pull factors that induce the aged people to use the outdoor environments. For this purpose, this study carried out an interview survey upon 69 elderly residents and surveyed on 363 elderly residents of low income class who are aged 60 and over and living in decaying area in Jeonju. For the analysis of the collected data, a qualitative and a quantitative analysis were accomplished. As results of study, the elderly in underprivileged area use such outdoor environments as resting facilities, exercise equipment, parks, farming gardens and waterfronts, and the push factors for them to use the outdoor environments were sordid indoor spaces, sense of isolation or loneliness, and the desire for maintaining good health. And the pull factors for them to use the outdoor environments were natural factors, opportunities for social interactions, space for exercise. The obstacles that hinder the elderly in using outdoor environments were the bad health of the elderly, lack of facilities, accessibility and weather conditions. Thus, the results of this study are expected to provide basic data for designing the outdoor environments to promote the health of the elderly in urban underprivileged area and to relieve the burdensome problems related with ageing societies.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to apply an effective oral health promotion program and effect for underprivileged lower grade students. This study attempted to resolve some oral health inequality issues by providing underprivileged children with an oral health action program designed to promote positive oral health maintenance habits. Methods: This study was carried from May to August of 2009 with 77(control group 27 subjects, experimental group 36 subjects) elementary school students selected among first to third graders attending regional welfare center's after school program in Seoul. To the control group, conventional education methods were applied. To the experimental group, newly designed program was conducted by three project experts(1 expert, 1 dentist, 1 dental hygienist). It consisted of 5 sessions and progressed with various activities. It was focused on achieving target knowledge and changing oral health behavior. In order to evaluate the designed educational program, learners' achievement was evaluated with implementing the questionnaire and one-on-one interviews. And also the oral health improvement was evaluated based on change of Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) index. Results: Based on the results of learners' achievement, the experimental group showed the significant increment of the oral health knowledge by the relapsed time, and it maintained after finished the program(p<0.001). The patient hygiene performance index showed not significant changed(p>0.05), but 1 month later the control group showed an increment of the PHP score, but the experimental group showed a decrement of it. Conclusions: Oral health promotion program by project approach could give a long-lasting educational effect to the children and encouraged proper oral hygiene behavioral changes.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.223-247
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• 2014

This study aimed to verify the positive effects of forest activities for children from economically underprivileged households in local children's centers and the effect of such activities on the protective factors of their development. One hundred and eighty five children participated in the Forest Activities Program, which conducted over a total 8 sessions. Pre-post tests of the subjective well-being scale, DAS, multiple life satisfaction scale, ego-resilience scale were conducted and the children then made picture stories during the program itself. The results of the analysis of differences between pre-post tests were as follows: first, the negative emotions of participating children decreased significantly. Second, the school-satisfaction and self-satisfaction levels of the participating children increased. Third the participating children's positive perceptions of self and interpersonal relationships also increased through the forest activities. Finally, there were differences of the change types of picture stories that children created while they were participating in the program; and these divergences were related to the effectiveness of the program. These forest activities had positive effects upon the economically disadvantaged children who participated in this study. However, in order to increase the effects of such forest activities qualitatively, greater support for the active involvement of children is required.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of consumer's status type (status consistency and status inconsistency) on clothing expenditures. Data were obtained from Urban Household Economy Survey published by the National Statistical Office. Multiple regression analyses of variance and Scheffe tests were4 utilized in this study. The effect of the status inconsistency was categorized by three variables such as education occupation and income levels of households. The overprivileged status group which had higher levels of income than the levels of occupation of education spent most on clothing whereas the underprivileged status group which had higher levels of income than the levels of occupation of education spent least on clothing. This study showed that there were significant differences in clothing expenditures among status groups classified by levels of income and education or by levels of income and occupation. Among status group classified by levels of education and income there was a significant difference in clothing expenditures between overprivileged status group and underprivileged status group. In conclusion income has the strongest effect on the clothing expenditures. The results of study can help to understand consumer buying behavior and also give insights of marketing strategy in the apparel industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 2013

In rural areas, in spite of the development projects of town and houses has been performed after the New Community Movement, due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, which lasted until the 2000s from the 1980s, out-migration to the cities, changes in the industrial structure, rapid aging was carried. As a result, the gap of housing environment between urban and rural areas became more serious. The meantime, the housing problem is recognized only to the problems of the big cities, mostly urban public housing policy oriented. However, when you check the indicator of the housing environment, such as the percentage of aging housing, rural environment has become a relatively poor compared to the city. In addition, due to a decrease in income and aging of the population living in rural areas of existing infrastructure to improve the living environment is weakened. And inside of the rural areas, changes in the housing environment and polarization phenomenon is becoming increasingly serious. Therefore, in this study, there is a purpose to be presented the improvement direction for efficient implementation of house remodeling support program for underprivileged group in rural areas and requires immediate attention improvement of housing environment. Previously, House remodeling support project in rural areas was carried out at the initiative of local governments and government mainly. For this reason, it is difficult due to limited institutional, to reflect the necessary parts directly to the real life of the residents. And, the demand for improvement of housing environment need modifications to solve the inconvenience of life of residents directly in many cases. It is considered that community-based house remodeling support project is to be carried out through the participation of local residents.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.797-810
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• 2010

This study examined perceived discomforts encountered in residential facilities such as individual houses and apartments, and suggested a procedure for improving the problems in the living residence. The participants consisted of two groups of people: normal and underprivileged people; the underprivileged group was classified into 3 sub-groups: elderly people (over 65 years old), handicapped people and pregnant women. To identify inconvenient places and design factors in the residential housing, a total of 200 subjects (50 for each group) participated in the survey using the 7-point Likert scale. As a result, all the user groups mainly answered a high degree of discomfort due to narrow parking places, doorsills, and height differences between floors. The elderly, the handicapped, and the pregnant women replied that it is uncomfortable to use ramps and utility rooms. In a follow-up study, one-to-one in-depth interviews were conducted with some of the participants to analyze the detailed causes of inconvenient places and design factors. This study also suggested the procedure for solving the problems in various design factors from perspective of universal design, by considering prior studies which focused on a certain user group like the elderly. This procedure was suggested to consider as many user groups as possible at the same time. The results can be used to understand the discomforts of various user groups on residential housing. The procedure can also be used to develop universal design guidelines for the living residence.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.60
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• pp.101-132
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• 2018

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore and understand the roles, efforts, difficulties and challenges parents have in the process of raising teenage children and supporting their career development in the underprivileged families. The research was conducted through focus group interviews with low-income parents, with support from 11 local community welfare centers nationwide, and then thematic analysis was done with collected data. And we could draw on findings on the difficulties those parents are dealing with while assisting career plans of their children, the endeavors they make when doing so, the helpful support from the society, and things to be done in the future. With the results, we provide final recommendations on family-centered action plans and the roles of community welfare center that can effectively assist career development of teenage kids in the process of child upbringing of the underprivileged families.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.733-743
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• 2021

This study aims to provide implications for the realization of the SDG goal for higher education through a comparative analysis of the UK and Australia's inclusive higher education policies. The cases of the UK and Australia were chosen for analysis since both countries have developed various policies to strengthen the inclusiveness of higher education since the early 2000s. The implications for the Korean government are as follows. First, it should approach the concept of underprivileged students by applying various categories such as 'race, region, and etc.,' not just for a category of income level. Second, it should enhance higher education opportunities for underprivileged students not only by expanding admission opportunities for them, but also by assisting them to adapt to college life and develop a student career. Third, it should provide underprivileged students with the customized support in consideration of their characteristics and merits. Finally, it should develop the "Inclusive Higher Education Project" which would help them complete higher education courses through regional partnerships.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2022

Due to COVID-19, the digital transformation centered on unmanned and non-face-to-face is accelerating. Like a digital civilization, it is changing into a digital age, but for those who cannot use digital, the inconveniences in daily life are falling to the level of digital illiteracy. There is a social gap between digital users and non-users, and digital non-users are separated from society. For the digital socialization of the digitally underprivileged, the transition to the digital world is accelerating, and the ability to use digital in everyday life is becoming more important. As the transition to the digital world accelerates, individual social and economic differences are occurring. These problems are hindering the sustainable growth of society. In this study, in order to receive digital education conveniently, we intend to design an education model with excellent accessibility as an education that can be received by all citizens. It is intended to propose a digital education model that can be used universally and solve the inconvenience of life through digital comprehensive competency education that can be received step by step and can be easily received.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1592-1598
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• 2022

This paper proposes an improvement system for the marginalized digital underprivileged of these services due to the lack of intuition and usability for the recently increasing number of unmanned ordering devices' interfaces and device environments. The problem with kiosk service is that it lacks intuition among design principles and cannot be used by wheelchair passengers in environments that meet general standing standards. To solve this problem, we propose a service that can use kiosk-like environments on mobile devices by photographing QR codes with mobile devices. As a result of the experiment, people in their 20s did not experience difficulties in using the existing kiosk model, but in the case of the elderly, it was difficult to use the kiosk, so they asked for help. The improved kiosk model was carried out in their 20s without difficulty, and the results showed that it was carried out without difficulty even in the case of the elderly.