• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.901-907
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze methods for measuring the size of the Earth, put forth in 6 different Korean 8th grade science textbooks. The research questions are as follows: 1) Do they adequately map out the experiments for measuring the size of the earth by using the concept of the sun's altitude? 2) Do they reduce the size of the sun like as the Earth is similarly downsized to the globe? 3) Do they suggest the precise experimental conditions for selecting two equal longitudinal spots for measuring the size of the earth? 4) Do they design adequate experiments for exact measurement? 5) Do they offer a proportional expression for seeking the size of globe which is easily understood by students? 6) Do they develop experiments to measure actual size of the earth? Four graduate students and one researcher took part in this study. All conditions were unanimously agreed upon by the participants. The results are as follows. First, one publishing company must include the concept of the sun's altitude to accurately measure the size of the Earth. However, some textbooks fail to mention this. As such, the concept of the sun's altitude must be introduced to accurately measure the size of the Earth. Second, a reduced size globe is used as the actual earth so; the sun should be factored in with a reduced light value. Third, you have to lay a stress on two points at the same longitude. In other words, a shadow located at the same longitude from two randomly selected points. Most textbooks mention two points at the same longitude but two of them design the experiment with a shadow at the same longitude. Fourth, we need a method to precisely measure the angle between a stick and its shadow. The angle between the stick and the tip of its shadow is the sun's altitude difference. Fifth, we need to present more specific proportional expressions for calculating the size of the globe. Only 3 out of the 6 texts employed a proportional expression. Sixth, we need to calculate the size of the earth by accurately presenting the scale of the globe to attain the goal of the experiment. Two of the texts analyzed, designed the experiment for the purpose of calculating the size of the globe. Three of the texts designed their experiments to calculate the radius of globe which is not even relevant to the purpose of experiment.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explain how extraordinary the scientific technology or our ancestor was from the modern perspective by remodeling the most unique astronomical instrument, So-ganui (小簡儀), developed in the Sejong Period (世宗時代) after being examined with contemporary and the principles of the science and observational technology would be properly understood and measured directly. When measuring the altitude of the sun and azimuth using So-ganui, it was adjusted with the horizontal coordinate system and measured using Jipyeonghwan (地平環), Ipeunhwan (立運環) and Guyhyeong (窺衡). Based such measuring principles, the measurement accuracy proposed using So-ganui are as follows. The remodeled So-ganui produced approximately ${\pm}0.29$ degrees error on average at high altitude while in measuring the azimuth degrees, there was difference of ${\pm}0.35$ degrees. Since the theoretically, the measurement error for So-ganui was ${\pm}0.5$ degrees, the remodeled So-ganui could accurately measure at the high altitude compared to So-ganui from the Sejong period. In the study, So-ganui, which has disappeared, has been remodeled in modern perspective to be used as the educational material to accurately understand the principles of science and measurement technology from the Sejong period. The findings could contribute to raising the reputation in the astronomical observations from the documents from the Sejong period. Furthermore, this study has materialized the celestial and sky our ancestors have viewed with the observational principles of their times, on the computer screen via a webcam, bringing out interest in the traditional science for the students.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2012

This study was created to resolve the problems embedded in the formal measuring experiments to determine the earth's size in the current curriculum, to develop an updated measuring experiment to determine the earth's size and to establish its effect. For this study, pre-service elementary teachers, who had attempted the experiment of measuring the size of the earth when they were in middle school, performed the experiments in the existing national curriculum, and their responses, collected through in-depth interviews, were examined. To begin with, the pre-service elementary teachers conducted the experiment of measuring the earth size and they recorded the problems while performing it. At the end, an in-depth interview was administered. Based on the problems, an updated measuring experiment to determine the earth's size was suggested to be applied to the same contents and be analyzed through the in-depth interviews. Common themes which were mutually categorized and analyzed by the two researchers were obtained based on the records produced while conducting the experiment and the in-depth interview data. The teachers mentioned that the experiments for measuring the size of the earth in the current curriculum gave rise to difficulties in measuring precisely the angles between the string and the post. Also, there has been a scientific contradiction that solar altitudes were increased in a high latitude region, instead of decreased. For this reason, an alternative method has been developed to measure the earth's size using the distance and the solar altitude difference of two places. The teachers all agreed that by using the updated measuring experiment, they can acquire more precise measurements and it is easier, faster and consequently more effective than the existing methods. Through the results of this study, I suggest that the newly developed experiment by the researchers can overhaul the problems of the current experiments and it can be an effective alternative to the current experiment.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.92-92
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• 2022

In preparation for the ever-changing climate and unification of North Korea and South Korea, it is necessary to increase the grain self-sufficiency rate by selecting crops with good utilization in high-altitude regions. The principle is to sow pastures at the end of August. However, sowing occurs in spring because the sowing period is missed when the weather is bad or when the workforce is insufficient. Sometimes when the grassland is completely devastated, it is frequently sowed in spring. In addition, North Korea consists of a high-altitude regions, and has been devastated in a general mountainous region. As a result, the landscape is not good and it is vulnerable to natural disasters such as landslides. Therefore, to prevent this, pasture must be sowed in the high-altitude regions. The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare yield and feed value of pasture species and varieties by spring sowing in high-latitude regions. The study was conducted in Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, which is 700m height above sea level. The pasture species and varieties was sown on April 24, 2022. Each treatment was carried out by sowing 30 kg/ha, the experiment field size was 1 m²(1m×1m), and randomized block design with tri-repeat. The total of 14 varieties was used in the study, 6 varieties of Orchardgrass (OG), 6 varieties of Tall fescue (TF) and 2 varieties of Perennial ryegrass (PRG). The grassland composition fertilization using (N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 80:200:70 kg/ha) was conducted and management fertilizer was N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 210:150:180 kg/ha. The first harvest was June 26,2022 and the second harvest was on August 16, 2022. For statistical analysis of the data, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed using the R3.6.3 software program, and all data was subjected to analysis using Duncan's multiple range test. Significance was set at the 5% level. The dry matter yield at the first harvest was the highest in PRG, and second harvest was the highest in TF (p < 0.05). Overall, PRG showed a trend of gradually decreasing growth, OG and TF showed a trend of gradually improving growth. This showed that PRG was considerably weaker to summer depression than other pasture species. Comparing the total dry matter yield, TF was the highest (4,565.45 kg/ha), but there was no significance difference with PRG (4,487.24 kg/ha) (p < 0.05). In addition, comparing the total TDN (total digestible nutrient) yield, TF was the highest (3147.33 kg/ha), second in PRG (2975.67 kg/ha) and third in OG (2052.33 kg/ha). Since this result is the data of the second harvests, if the result is derived by the end of next year, it will be provided as basic data for selection of pasture species and varieties suitable for spring seeding in high-altitude regions.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 HEMP의 신호 특성을 설명하고 HEMP 방호시설에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 분석한다. 실제 시설 구축에 이용하기 위한 차폐룸의 규격을 정하기 위해 필요한 요소들을 찾는다. 수신 안테나의 거리와 주파수를 변화시켜 차폐 정도를 측정한다. 기준이 되는 미국 규격문서와 측정값을 비교하고 측정방법을 간소화해본다. 차폐룸 내부를 3가지 조건으로 만들어 변화에 따른 차폐 정도를 측정한다. 정방향 측정과 역방향 측정의 차이를 살펴보고 차폐룸 측정에 영향을 미치는 요소를 찾는다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.340-350
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• 2023

본 연구는 교육대학교 84명의 학생들을 대상으로 계절변화 단원에 대한 수업 곤란도를 분석한 연구이다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등과학 계절의 변화를 구성하는 4개 주제별 초등예비교사의 수업곤란도가 큰 주제부터 제시하면 '계절의 변화가 생기는 까닭은 무엇일까요?'(수업곤란 도 4.05), '계절에 따라 태양의 남중 고도와 낮과 밤의 길이는 어떻게 달라질까요?'(수업곤란도, 3.12), '하루 동안의 태양 고도, 그림자의 길이, 기온은 서로 어떤 관계가 있을까요?'(수업곤란도 2.85), '계절에 따라 기온은 어떻게 달라질까요?'(수업곤란도 2.80)이다. 이것으로 초등과학 계절의 변화 단원에서 공간지각 개념이 필요한 수업주제로 분류되는 '계절의 변화가 생기는 까닭은 무엇일까요?'에 대한 4주제에 대한 수업이 다른 단원에 비해서 수업곤란도가 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 계절변화 단원에서 수업주제별로 수업곤란도의 요인은 다양하게 나타났다. 초등예비교사들이 계절 변화 단원에 대한 수업을 지도할 때 수업을 어렵게 만드는 요인을 빈도수가 높은 순서대로 살펴보면 '자전축 기울기에 따른 태양남중 고도 비교하기 실험 지도' 가 42명(50%), '태양 남중고도와 낮과 밤의 길이 설명의 어려움'이 38명(45%), '남중고도 개념 설명의 어려움'이 27명(32%), '계절별 태양의 위치변화 설명의 어 려움'이 24명(29%), '태양고도를 측정할 때 전등의 높이를 조절해야 하는 합당한 이유 설명'이 20명(24%), '태양고도와 최고기온 사이의 불일치 이유 설명의 어려움'이 16명(19%), '모래(지면)온도 측정의 어려움'이 12명(14%)으로 각각 나타났다. 셋째, 수업곤란도 요인을 분석해 보면 교사요인보 다 교육과정요인이 많았다. 이러한 맥락에서 볼 때, 초등예비교사들의 수업곤란도가 가장 크게 나타난 계절 변화 단원 중 4주제인 '계절의 변화가 생기는 까닭은 무엇일까요?'에 대한 탐구활동은 교육과정의 측면에서 개선이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 HEMP의 개념을 소개하고, 안테나 요소의 배치 변화에 따른 방호 효율성을 분석한다. 높은 주파수의 EMP를 맥스웰 방정식을 이용하여 LOS에서 근사한다. 전자기파 감쇄의 영향을 분석하기 위하여, 차폐룸을 구성하여 측정 데이타를 얻는데 이용한다. 수신 안테나의 거리와 주파수를 변화시켜 차폐 정도를 측정한다. 기준이 되는 미국 규격문서와 측정값을 비교하고 측정방법을 간소화해본다. 차폐룸 내부를 3가지 조건으로 만들어 변화를 차폐 정도를 측정한다. 정방향 측정과 역방향 측정의 차이를 살펴보고 차폐룸 측정에 영향을 미치는 요소를 찾는다.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.111-123
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• 2022

Solar Energy is the energy of solar radiation carried by them in the form of heat and light. It can be converted into electricity. Solar potential depends on the site's atmosphere; the solar energy distribution depends on many factors, e.g., turbidity, cloud types, pollution levels, solar altitude, etc. We estimated solar radiation with the help of the Ashrae clear-sky model for three locations in Pakistan, namely Pasni, Gwadar, and Jiwani. As these locations are close to each other as compared to the distance between the sun and earth, therefore a slight change of latitude and longitude does not make any difference in the calculation of direct beam solar radiation (BSR), diffuse solar radiation (DSR), and global solar radiation (GSR). A modified formula for declination angle is also developed and presented. We also created two different models for Ashrae constants. The values of these constants are compared with the standard Ashrae Model. A good agreement is observed when we used these constants to calculate BSR, DSR, GSR, the Root mean square error (RMSE), Mean Absolute error (MABE), Mean Absolute percent error (MAPE), and chisquare (χ²) values are in acceptance range, indicating the validity of the models.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.470-482
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• 2008

Seasonal variations of chemical composition and optical properties of aerosols at Seoul and Gosan were investigated using the ground-based aerosol measurements and an optical model calculation. The mass fraction of elemental carbon was $8{\sim}17%$, but its contribution on light absorption was high up to $29{\sim}48%$ in Seoul. In Gosan, the contribution of water soluble aerosols on aerosol extinction was $83{\sim}94%$ due to the high mass fraction of these particles in the range of $56{\sim}88%$. Model calculation showed that the water holding capacity of aerosols was larger in Gosan than in Seoul because of higher relative humidity and temperature along with abundant water soluble aerosols. Difference between measured and calculated aerosol optical depths was the highest in summer. This was because aerosol optical depth calculated from ground-based measurements could not consider aerosol loadings at high altitude in spite of high column-integrated aerosol loadings observed by Sun photometer. Although hygroscopic growth was expected to be dominant in summer, the mass concentration of water soluble aerosols was too low to permit this growth.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.828-834
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 태양광 집광 효율 향상을 위한 많은 연구 방법 중 하나로서 태양광을 효율적으로 집광할 수 있는 TMC(Tracker Motion Controller) 시스템 구성하여 발전효율의 향상성을 갖춘 집광형 태양광 발전시스템(CPV)과 실리콘을 이용한 PV 시스템으로 실험하였다. 태양추적 발전시스템에 사용되는 마이크로프로세서는 실시간으로 태양광의 고도와 위도 각을 계산한다. 또 한 센서로부터 값을 받아들이고, 태양의 현재 위치 값을 계산하여 모터를 제어하며 중앙제어 시스템과의 통신을 하기 때문에 적용 가능성에 대한 부담이 커지고 있다. 따라서 집광형 태양광 발전시스템에 적합한 프로그램 방식과 센서방식을 혼합한 하이브리드 방식의 알고리즘 통하여 ARM코어를 내장한 TMC에 구현하였으며, 구현된 TMC를 통하여 기존 PV시스템, CPV 시스템 대비하여 국내에서의 발전효율을 비교 분석하였다. 실험결과 기존의 센서방식을 이용한 집광형 태양광 발전 시스템에 GPS통신 값을 통해 프로그램 방식의 천문학 계산에 의하여 지평좌표계에서의 태양의 방위각과 고도각을 계산하는 하이브리드 태양위치추적 방식을 실험한 결과를 보면 맑고 일사량이 높은 날에는 큰 차이를 보이진 않았다. 그러나 흐리고 맑은 날 등 일사량이 없어 센서가 태양의 위치를 추적하지 못하고 멈춘 상태에서 일정 시간이 지난 후 태양이 센서의 사각지대에서 나타나면 센서의 오류가 생길 수 있는 기후변화에서는 오히려 센서방식보다 더 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다. 태양전지의 발전효율이 높아지고 생산발전 단가가 줄이는 부분에 대한 지속적인 연구, 더불어 기후의 변화에 따른 최적의 발전 능력을 가진 TMC를 적용한 고효율 집광형 시스템에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 필요할 것으로 기대된다.