• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.40-44
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• 2022

Bipolar disorders are a group of mood disorders characterised by relapsing mood episodes throughout the course of illness. Patients with bipolar disorders commonly present with various sleep problems. Patients in a manic episode generally show decreased need of sleep and those in a depressed episode frequently complain about hypersomnia. Current literature even points to evidence that patients with bipolar disorder in euthymic state may still show signs of sleep disturbances when compared to the general population. Clinicians may also note intricate interactions between changes of circadian rhythm and evolution of mood episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Also, commonly prescribed medications which plays a crucial role in treatment of bipolar disorders including mood stabilisers and antipsychotic medications often cause significant weight gain over time. Being a risk factor of sleep apnoea, weight gain can predispose the patient to develop sleep apnoea. In this narrative review, we summarised current evidence and literature regarding characteristics of circadian rhythm and comorbid sleep apnoea in patients with bipolar disorder. We also present literature regarding implications of circadian disturbance and comorbid sleep apnoea in managing patients with bipolar disorder.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.6B
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• pp.423-432
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• 2012

We design a control circuit that can switch input power between a rechargeable battery and a sensor communication device (mote) depending on the operating state of a solar cell as well as the active and sleep mode of a sensor MAC protocol. A mote that simply combines a solarcell and a rechargeable battery may die if there is not sunlight long. A battery is recharged if sunlight is sufficient and a device is in a sleep mode, and it supplies power if sunlight is low and the mote is in an active mode. A mote can switch its input power between solar cell and battery depending on the output level of a solar cell. During this switching, a mote may lose its state information due to the reset of a microprocessor by the transient power-off. A capacitor is used to cope with this phenomenon and also supplies power to a mote during a sleep mode. Experimental results show that the solar cell based mote operates in a very stable manner against the lack of sunlight long.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2009

Relatively little is known about the neurobiology of insomnia, despite its wide prevalence and broad medical impact. Although much is still to be learned about the pathophysiology of the disorder, identification, systematic assessment, and appropriate treatment are clearly beneficial to patients. Recent research, using quantitative EEG, polysomnography (PSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and neuroimaging techniques, suggests that some broad areas can be identified as possible pathophysiological models. Sleep-wake homeostat model hypothesizes a failure in homeostatic regulation of sleep, an attenuated increase in sleep drive with time awake, and/or defective sensing of sleep need. Circadian clock model hypothesizes a dysfunctional circadian clock, resulting in changes in the timing of sleep-wake propensity that are incompatible with normal sleep. Intrinsic sleep-wake state mechanism model suggests that abnormal function of insomnia comprises the systems responsible for expression of the sleep states themselves. Extrinsic over-ride mechanism (stress-response) model suggests that insomnia reflects the consequences of overactivity of one of the systems considered "extrinsic" to normal sleep-wake control. Many current therapies for insomnia are based on these physiological models. Several attempts have been made to create a physiological model that would explain this disorder and could be used as a foundation for treatment. However, it appeared that no model can fully explain and clarify all aspects of insomnia. Future research should be necessary to expand our knowledge on the biological dimensions of insomnia.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.204-215
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• 2020

People who have sleep disorders such as insomnia take a long time to get to sleep, namely sleep latency. In order to reduce it, effective stimulations and environments to induce sleep such as ASMR or pink noise are necessary. However these have different effects and preferences for each individual. Therefore customized service and control for the sleep induction will be provide to him/her. In this paper, we proposed SIS control system which provides selectively sound control among various kinds of ASMR and pink noise according to sleep state measured from brain wave data for an individual. In order to verify the effectiveness of the system, we had conducted totally 30 experiments for 5 people, and all EEG data measured from all the people during sleep. An average of 3.7 hours was spent per experiment. In comparison experiments with and without sound control for sleep induction, the latency time was reduced by an average of 8 minutes as well as delta waves and theta waves, which appear only in deep sleep, are increased by 21%.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.633-644
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of phytoncide Aroma inhalation and exercise combination therapy on the college life stress, mood state and sleep pattern of the university students. Participants were 72 college students of four groups of Phytoncide Aroma Inhalation group(n=18), Exercise group(n=17), Phytoncide Aroma Inhalation and exercise combination therapy group(n=17), control group(n=20). Research subjects pre-test(0week), mid-test(6week), post-test(12week) measurement was made equally on college life stress, mood state and sleep pattern. As a result, mood status, college life satisfaction and sleep scores were improved in all groups except the control group. Especially, phytoncide inhalation and exercise combination therapy group showed the greatest change in scores.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine symptoms, mood and sleep disturbance in patients with hemodialysis. Method: A sample of 96 hemodialysis patients participated. Data were collected using symptom scale of hemodialysis patients, profile of mood state and the sleep scale. Statistical analytic methods included t-tes, ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses. Results: Patients with spouse/partners experienced significantly less symptoms than those with no spouse (F=6.29, p=.003). Mood disturbance was not significantly correlated with age; but older patients experienced higher sleep disturbance (F=4.88, p=.010). Symptoms, mood and sleep disturbance are significantly related with each other. Conclusion: It is important to assess symptoms, mood and sleep disturbance in older hemodialysis patients with no spouse. It is needed to repeat extensive study and comparative study with other population in order to define clearly.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.27-33
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• 2022

Sleep is an essential factor for living a healthy life, but most modern people complain of poor sleep. For these people, as the need for a means to simply evaluate and manage the quality of sleep increases, devices that can check the sleep state at home without monitoring by an examiner are being developed. The smart sleep mask, which is the subject of this usability test, provides bio-signal monitoring while sleeping so that you can conveniently measure and manage your sleep state for yourself. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usability and safety of the smart sleep mask, to find and prevent potential factors related to errors in use that may occur, and to develop the comfort and safety of this product. As a result of the formative evaluation of the sleep mask prototype, it was reported that it was difficult to turn on the power and check the results, and that the sleep mask was not comfortable to wear. Different opinions were presented on the size and weight of the sleeping mask by people in different age groups.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.247-254
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to examine the sleep pattern of ICU patients, as well as characteristics of, and factors related to sleep disturbances, and state anxiety. It was done to provide the basic data fur effective nursing interventions to improve quality of sleep for these patients. Methods: The participants were 104 patients who were admitted to the surgical ICU in a hospital in Seoul. To measure sleep patterns, the Verran and Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale and the Sleeping Scale developed by Oh et al.(1998) were used. Characteristics of sleep disturbances were measured using the Sleep characteristics scale developed by Park(1999). To measure factors related to sleep disturbances, thirty items developed by Oh(1998) were used. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the sleep patterns according to the general characteristics of the patients. The characteristics of sleep disturbances showed statistically significant differences in general and specific characteristics of sleep patterns but there was no statistically significant difference according to the general characteristics of the patients. There were significant negative correlations between factors related to sleep disturbances and general and specific characteristics of sleep patterns but there were no statistically significant difference according to the general characteristics of the patients. Conclusion: The results showed that the majority of patients staying in the surgical ICU experienced sleep disturbances and that the physical factor was the major factor of sleep disturbances.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 1994

The Authors report a case of sleep paralysis patient who is 25-years old man. He complained that he has been experiencing episode "being suffocated" during sleep and could not move by himself while semiconsciousness state. He was a only son of divorced parents and could not attach anybody from yong childhood. His symptoms was began intermittently after his early teens. Medical history and physical examination revealed no significant finding. A nocturnal polysomnogram showed loss of muscle tone during terminal REM period and sudden hyperventilation attack followed by wake-up. Psychosocial stress and insufficient sleep were presumed to be an etiological factors. Imipramine 50mg per day almost completely relieved symptoms.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2007

Background : It is well known that non-rapid eye movement(NREM) sleep activates the occurrence of interictal epileptiform discharges(IED) in many epileptic syndromes. We performed this study to assess the effect of NREM sleep on IED in epileptic patients with organic brain lesions. Materials and Methods : We analyzed awake and sleep electroencephalopathy(EEG) recorded simultaneously after partial sleep deprivation in 50 patients. We calculated the awake and sleep spike index (ASI and SSI, spikes/epoch), and the percentage increase of ASI and SSI during sleep. Results : In the 50 patients, the IEDs were recorded exclusively during the awake state in 1 (2%) patient, and during the sleep state in 13(26%) patients. The SSI was higher in 44 (88%) patients, and the ASI was higher in 5 (10%) patients. The mean ASI and the SSI in patients with organic brain lesions were $0.058{\pm}0.121$ and $0.148{\pm}0.187$, and it was $0.081{\pm}0.150$ and $0.174{\pm}0.226$ in patients without organic brain lesions. There were significant increases in the spike index (P<0.05) during NREM sleep in both groups (n=36), but no significant difference in the percent increase of spike index (P>0.05). Conclusion : The IEDs were activated significantly during NREM sleep both in patients with and without organic brain lesions, but there were no differences in the degree of activation in both groups. The activating effect of NREM sleep was not correlated with clinical factors such as, frequent nocturnal seizures, frequent generalized tonic clonic seizures, type of epilepsy and taking anticonvulsants. We conclude that the routine EEG used to evaluate epileptiform discharges in epileptic patients should include sleep recordings after partial sleep deprivation.