• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in financial structure of the self-employed brought on the economic crisis in Korea.. We use financial ratio analysis, such as income to expenditure ratio, liquidity ratio, debt ratio, and capital accumulation ratio to analyze financial well-being of self-employed households. This study used a 1997 and 1998 Korean Household Panel Study collected by Daewoo Economic Research Institute. The average amount of holding of each type of asset showed that the investment of self-employed households decreased in the banking industry and the stock market in 1998 compared to 1997. On the other hand, asset allocation in bond and real estate increased, which implied preference for a stable type of asset with the increase in uncertainty of the future and economic instability. Devaluation of real estate allowed households to easily obtain real estate and increase preference for asset allocation in real estate after the crisis. The changes in financial ratio for the year 1998 shows that such ratios as income to expenditure, liquidity, and capital accumulation, decreased compared to the year 1997. Among those ratios, the income to expenditure ratio showed the biggest decline because of reduced income of self employed households. The results implied that the income structure of the self-employed is unstable, thus the self-employed were likely to be greatly affected during the economic downturn. Earners have more average income and net assets than the self-employed. However, using financial ratios, it was found that self-employed households were more stable than employees. The results shows that the financial ratio analysis is better tool to estimate households financial status. Implications for financial educators, counselors, and planners are offered. The results will provide implications for policy makers to establish appropriate policies for the self-employed and help them financially survive.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.219-235
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• 1992

This study attempted to examine a theoretical framework which synthesizes risk attitude, type of investment management and investment behavior and to provide the specific investment strategy by analysing several variables which have effect upon the investment behavior. The results of this research were as follow : 1. Risk attitude had significant differences by the variabels such as age, sex, education, income and debt/asset ratio. Also the type of investment management was influenced significantly by the variables such as age, education, occupation, income, total asset, debt/asset ratio, achievement motivation and risk attitude. The ratio of risky asset holdings was affected by the variabels such as age, education, occupation, housing ownership, income, total asset, debt/asset ratio, achievement motivation, risk attitude and type of investment management. 2. Among several variables affecting the ratio of risky asset holding risk attitude, education, type of investment management, debt/asset ratio and achievement motivation had direct effect on it. Besides age had indirect effect through risk attitude and age, achievement motivation and risk attitude had indirect effect through the type of investment management. 3. The results of this study showed that causal relation between input, throughput and output can be applied to household's investment behavior and the concept of risk or risk attitude can be applied to other fields except household's investment. Also it could be attributed to provide the investment strategy for improving level of household's financial well-being.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.159-178
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• 2013

This study aims to evaluate the retirement income readiness of Korea, a country that-considering its high property asset ratio-is seeing an unprecedented rapid progression of graying. The result of analyzing 6,589 non-retired households in Statistics Korea's Survey of Household Finances (2011) is as follows. First, the Retirement Readiness Index, considering annual income and asset utilization income before including longevity risk, was 70.6. The index increased to 89.5 when utilizing real assets excluding houses and exceeded 100 when utilizing houses. Second, when designating 100 to be the life expectancy and taking into consideration longevity risk, there results were 52.5, 63.7, and 81.1, respectively. Third, since it is less likely for one to use all current financial assets as post-retirement income, the study reviewed the changes in the Retirement Readiness Index by applying three different levels of asset utilization ratios (50%, 75%, and 100%), which refer to the conversion ratios of current assets to retirement assets. This study is significant in that it considers longevity risk and applies asset utilization ratios in various ways, outside of the assumption that all current financial assets will be used as post-retirement income, to take a more realistic approach to retirement readiness.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.225-240
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of households with risky debt loads. The study used financial ratios to determine which households were over-indebted. The 3 ratios used were Debt to Asset ratio, Debt to Financial asset ratio, and Debt Service ratio. Data for this study was the 2011 Survey of Household Finance. Households that demonstrated total debts of 70% or more when compared to total assets were 8.8%. Households that demonstrated a debt load totaling 5 or more times their total financial assets were 19%. Households with monthly repayment obligations of 40% or more of disposable income were 20%. Households that fulfilled all 3 financial ratio criteria were 1.5% of total indebted households. Over-indebted households demonstrated severe economic condition in terms of debt, but not all over-indebted households were categorized as being in economically vulnerable group. The major determinants of households with risky debts were income, asset, purpose of loans, and spending behavior of the households.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1998

This study was to compare the financial status between elderly households - retired vs employed. The sample obtained from 1994 KHPS, and consisted of 628 Korean aged households who are currently married. Statistics employed to analyze the data are mean, frequency, percentile, t-test, and relative-ratio. The results of this study were as follows ; In income sources, earned income was majority of employed households, but the percent of unearned income was greater than retired households. While the percent of cloth, education, recreation expenditures were high in employed, and medical, housing expenditures wee high percentage in retired. The percentage of real asset(housing) was majority of total asset in two groups. And the percentage of safe liquid asset of retired households was relatively higher than employed households.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of Operating Costs and Income, Loan to Deposit Ratio on the Return on Asset (ROA) of Public-Private Foreign Exchange Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2015-2018 period. This study is a quantitative study using financial reports of Public-Private Foreign Exchange Banks listed on the IDX as a data source. This study's population is 25 Public-Private Foreign Exchange Banks listed on the IDX. This study uses purposive sampling to determine the sample to produce 21 banking companies. Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression methods and descriptive statistics. The F Test calculation results state that all the variables of free operating expenses, operating income, and the loan to deposit ratio simultaneously and significantly affect the return on assets (ROA) variable in Public-Private Foreign Exchange Banks listed on the IDX. This study's results indicate that simultaneously Operational Costs, Operational Income, and Loan to Deposit Ratio have a significant effect on ROA. Operational Costs and Operational Income have a significant negative impact on Return on Assets. The third hypothesis shows that the Loan to Deposit Ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on Return on Assets.

• 소비문화연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.93-118
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• 2012

본 연구는 예비적 저축행동 이론의 관점에서 가구주 근로유형이 가계저축에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 근로유형별 가계저축에 미치는 영향 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 실증분석 자료는 2009년도 한국복지패널조사(KOWEPS) 자료로, 가구주 근로유형이 상용직과 비상용직(임시직, 일용직, 공공근로)인 가계로 한정하여 2009년도 한국복지패널조사 가구 총 6,207가구 중 2,463가구를 본 연구의 실증분석에 사용하였다. 실증분석 결과, 가구주의 근로유형은 가계저축에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 예비적 저축행동 이론에서 제시하는 기대와는 일치하지 않았다. 즉, 상용직 가구주 가계가 임시직, 일용직 혹은 공공근로의 비상용직 가구주 가계보다 더 많은 예비적 저축을 하였고, 나아가 더 많은 예비적 자산을 축적하는 것으로 나타났다. 가구주 근로유형별 가계저축에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴본 결과, 가구주 근로유형별로 영향 요인 및 정도에 차이가 존재하기는 하였으나 주로 월평균 총소비지출, 부채 유무, 순자산, 빈곤 여부, 가구원수, 기초보장 유무가 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여기에서 특히 주목할 만한 것은 예비적 저축에 대한 기초보장의 정적 영향이었다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

Purpose - This study investigates the financial ratio of savings banks and the effect of the ratio having influence upon bankruptcy by quantitative empirical analysis of forecast model to give material of better management and objective evidence of management strategy and way of advancement and risk control. Research design, data, and methodology - The author added two growth indexes, three fluidity indexes, five profitability indexes, and four activity indexes CAMEL rating to not only the balance sheets but also the income statement of thirty savings banks that suspended business from 2011 to 2015 and collected fourteen financial ratio indexes. IBMSPSS VER. 21.0 was used. Results - Variables having influence upon bankruptcy forecast models included total asset increase ratio and operating income increase ratio of growth index and sales to account receivable ratio, and tangible equity ratio and liquidity ratio of liquidity ratio. The study selected total asset operating ratio, and earning and expenditure ratio from profitability index, and receivable turnover ratio of activity index. Conclusions - Financial supervising system should be improved and financial consumers should be protected to develop saving bank and to control risk, and information on financial companies should be strengthened.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제68권4호
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• pp.53-74
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• 2016

본 연구는 가구단위의 경제상황이 기부행동에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위해 가구단위 경제상황을 가구의 유형별 소득과 자산, 자산 대비 소득으로 측정한 후 각각의 변수들이 자선적 기부에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 한국조세재정연구원의 재정패널조사 지료 중 2012년부터 2014년까지의 조사 자료인 5 ~ 7차년도의 자료를 바탕으로 구성된 총 4,938가구의 3개년 패널자료를 활용하였다. 분석의 방법으로는 확률효과 패널 토빗 모형을 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 금융자산과 근로소득, 재산소득, 이전소득의 규모가 커질수록 기부 금액이 증가하는 관계인 것으로 나타났다. 자산 대비 소득의 비율은 자선적 기부에 대해 부적인 방향의 영향력을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 인구사회학적 변수의 경우, 가구주의 교육수준과 가구크기는 정적인 방향의 관계를 갖고, 연령의 경우 역U자의 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 가구 단위의 경제적 요인들이 기부행동에 미치는 영향을 패널자료를 토대로 검증해 봄으로써 가구단위 기부행동의 이해를 더욱 제고 및 확장시킨다는 점 그리고 나눔문화 확산을 위한 가구 단위 개입전략과 관련된 시사점을 도출한다는 점에서 연구의 의미를 갖는다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to compare housing wealth effects of home-owning single income couples (SIC) and dual income couples (DIC) on their non-durable consumption and to assess the effects by location, age groups, housing structure type, debt-to-asset ratio and employment status. Using the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) of 2014, this empirical study identified 1,198 SIC households and 1,044 DIC households, and employed multiple regression analysis. The main results reveal that the difference of financial portfolios between SIC and DIC households was little but housing wealth effects were stronger among SIC households than DIC counterpart. It's evident that housing wealth effects were conspicuous for SIC and DIC households who were headed by wage earners aged over 40s, and resided in apartment outside the Seoul Metropolitan Area. However, household debt became a determinant in contradicting housing wealth effects of SIC and DIC households. While the household financial dimension was in proportion to income, DIC households didn't gain much financial security due to increasing expenditure. Further, this research imply that liquidity constraints explicitly posed a more serious threat to SIC households whose dependence on housing asset is larger than their counterpart.