• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.17 no.2 s.117
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• pp.141-145
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• 1979

The author, through oral examination, had surveyed the caries experienced teeth in 250 Korean mental Disorders(153 males and 97 fameles) who took it a rule consume a Vegetable diet and had litte chance to Consume refimed Corbohydrates, unlike the Common populars. DMF rate DMFT rate index DT rate MT rate and FT rate had been calculated and Compared with Common Popular's in same ages group. Following are the obtained results 1. In the mental Disorders, Caries experience rate was 52.19% 2. D.M.F. rate and index were lower in the females than in the males 3. The Caries experience rate in the mental Disorders was lower than in the Common Populars 4. In the mental Disorders the F.T. rate was higher in females than in males D.T. rate higher in males than in females and MT rate, lower in males than in females 5. In generally D.T. rate in the mental Disorders was lower than in Controls, M.T. rate resembled as Controls and F.T. rate higher

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.45-48
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• 2003

In general, speech coding methods are classified into the following three categories: the waveform coding, the source coding and the hybrid coding. Fast speaking is possible to encode with a few information compared with slow speaking rate. In case of speaking rate, low frequency band is more important than high frequency band while listening. Speech vocoding technique is developing to way with low bit rate and complexity and high sound quality. the CELP type of vocoder support very good sound quality with low bit rate but these vocoders don't consider about the speaking rate. When we consider speaking rate and encode the frame depending on the speaking rate, the bit rate is able to reduce the bit rate than the conventional vocoder. We propose the technique to estimate the speaking rate and applied PSOLA technique in case of the frame of slow speaking rate. As a result of simulation bit rate can be reduced about 300 bps.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07g
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• pp.2480-2482
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• 1998

In this paper, the implementation of dual rate ADPCM using G.723 16Kbps and 40Kbps speech codec algorithm is handled. For small signals, the low rate 16Kbps coding algorithm shows the same SNR as the high rate 40Kbps coding algorithm, while the low rate 16Kbps coding algorithm shows the lower SNR than the high rate 40Kbps coding algorithm for large signal. To obtain the good trade-off between the data rate and synthesized speech quality, we applied low rate 16Kbps for the small signal and high rate 40Kbps for the large signal. Various threshold values determining the rate are tested for good trade off data rate and speech quality. Also the low pass filter effect of speech input and output devices is simulated at several cut-off frequencies. To simulation result shows the good speech quality at a low rate comparing with 16Kbps & 40Kbps.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.5-11
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the specific characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions on a 4-cylinder common rail diesel engine as EGR rate and the rate of blended bio-diesel was altered. Bio-diesel fuel which is a sort of alternative fuels can be adapted to diesel engine directly without modifying. This study was performed to 2000rpm of engine speed with torque 30Nm while EGR rate and the rate of blended bio-diesel was changed. Decreasing combustion pressure and increasing the rate of heat were occurred when we had changed the EGR rate on the 20% of bio-diesel blended diesel fuel. The maximum pressure of combustion and the IMEP became higher as the EGR rate and the rate of blended bio-diesel were changed. Exhaust gas temperature was increased the higher rate of the blended bio-diesel under the fixed EGR rate. However, it went down as the EGR rate increased. The amounts of CO and Soot were reduced with increasing the rate of the blended bio-diesel without changing EGR rate and raised with increasing of the EGR rate. On the fixed EGR rate, NOx was increased along with growing the rate of the bio-diesel. On the other hand, it was decreased while EGR rate were going up.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.4 s.94
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• pp.521-534
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• 2006

The Kimchi intake of elementary students in both school and home is decreasing due to their westernized eating habits which have been affected by the rapid economic growth and industrialization in our modem society. The purposes of this study were to examine the influence of menu selections on the Kimchi intake rate and to provide basic data for an appropriate Kimchi serving size to reduce the plate-waste rate. The results showed that the average daily intake rate of Kimchi of low-grade students was 58.2%, equating to 6${\sim}$18 g, compared to 64.6% for high-grade students, equivalent to 13${\sim}$24 g. Correlation analysis of the intake rate of menu items and Kimchi showed that the Kimchi intake rate increased with increasing total meal intake rate, rice intake rate, soup intake rate, rice mixed with grains intake rate, clear soup intake rate and soybean-paste soup intake rate, but that it decreased as the intake rate of seasoned uncooked vegetables of high-grade students increased. This study is expected to be utilized as a solution to increase the Kimchi intake rate of elementary school students, and also to determine the proper serving size per person on the menu items by grade.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11d
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• pp.199-202
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• 2000

Speaking Rate has variety depends on the situation and habit of speakers. It has been many studied about speaking rate In speaker recognition. The study of speaking rate in speech recognition is one of considerable matter when It is recognized the speakers and it is measured by many speech data base and complicate estimation for accuracy. In this paper, conventional vocoder process the speech signal when encoding and transmitting without regard to speaking rate so in order to apply the speaking rate for vocoder It should be considered the simpler algorithm and less computation amount than the conventional method of speaking rate used In speech recognition. We proposed the speaking rate algorithm which is used the simple parameter with Line Spectrum Pair (LSP). The proposed peaking rate method is measured by the information of LSP in speech. We measured the variety rate of phenomenon about utterances which have different velocity, respectively. As a result, It has distinct variation rate of phenomenon between utterances uttered fast and slow and the rate is 42.8% higher in case of uttered fast than in case of uttered slow.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2018

The seeds of soybean (Glycine max), adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), mung bean (Vigna radiata), and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were examined the germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage ($-18^{\circ}C$) conservation. For soybean seeds, 2,313 accessions were examined and germination rate of 1,082 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 227 accessions of soybean, germination rate was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. Germination rate of 589 accessions was increased and showed no change for 415 accessions after 10 years of long-term storage. For adzuki bean seeds, 2,058 accessions were examined and germination rate of 739 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 63 accessions of adzuki bean, germination rate was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. Germination rate of 535 accessions was increased and showed no change for 721 accessions after 10 years of long-term storage. For mung bean seeds, 438 accessions were examined and germination rate of 139 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 5 accessions of mung bean, germination rate was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. Germination rate of 155 accessions was increased and showed no change for 139 accessions after 10 years of long-term storage. For kdney bean seeds, 366 accessions were examined and germination rate of 7 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 65 accessions of kidney bean, germination rate was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. Germination rate of 201 accessions was increased and showed no change for 93 accessions after 10 years of long-term storage.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.5A
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• pp.726-742
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• 2000

A novel rte control algorithm consisting of two major components, i.e. a variable encoding frame rate method and a hybrid DCT/wavelet I-frame coding scheme, is proposed in this work for low bit rate video coding. Most existing rate control algorithms for low bit rate video focus on bit allocation at the macroblock level under a constant frame rate assumption. The proposed rate control algorithm is able to adjust the encoding frame rate at the expense of tolerable time-delay. Furthermore, an R-D optimized hybrid DCT/wavelet scheme is used for effective I-frame coding. The new rate-control algorithm attempts to achieve a good balance between spatial quality and temporal quality to enhance the overall human perceptual quality at low bit rates. It is demonstrated that the rate control algorithm achieves higher coding efficiency at low bit rates with a low additional computational cost. The variable frame rate method and hybrid I-frame coding scheme are compatible with the bi stream structure of H.263+.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 2015

The aim of this paper is to present some issues to be discussed in relation to failure rate of a system that has identical parallel units. It is assumed that Time-to-Failure of each unit has the same exponential distribution and all units are repairable with a periodic maintenance of time interval T. Effective failure rate is widely recommended for nonrepairable systems as the reciprocal of MTTF but it should not be applied for repairable systems if delayed maintenance is used. And equivalent failure rate of an imaginary system is taken into consideration, the reliability value of which is the same as that of the redundant system when time interval T is given. With a numerical example, failure rate, effective failure rate, and equivalent failure rate of the redundant system are analyzed comparatively.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.143-159
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• 2003

In this study, the data and the Statistical Annual Report of the Korean Dental Technology Association and the yearbook of Health-Welfare Ministry from 1990 to 2002 were surveyed to study and analyze the yearly increase rate and regional distribution rate of the national dental laboratories and dental clinics, the rate of dental laboratories to dental clinics. The purpose of the thesis is to help dental technicians to open the rational and effective dental laboratory which considers the regional condition and the distribution of dental clinics. The result of the study is as follows; 1) The yearly increase rate of overall dental laboratories is 2.01 times to 2002 by the criteria of 1990. The most laboratories was increased in 1995(+94) but the least laboratories was increased in 2000(+13). According to the regional increase rate, Kyounggi Association showed the highest increase rate (7.00 times) but Woolsan Association showed the least increase rate (1.45 times) for the past 5 years. Busan Association had increased by 1.47 times by the criteria of 1990. 2) According to the regional distribution rate of dental laboratories, Seoul area showed the highest distribution rate from the minimum 26.72%(in 2002) to the maximum 35.23%(in 1990) every year, and before 1993, Busan area showed the high distribution rate of 12.49% and Daegu area 12.38%. 3) In the case of the national increase rate, dental clinics had increased by 2.01 times to 2001 by the criteria of 1990 and dental laboratories, whose number was 1,482 in 2002, had increased by 2.01 times to that year. The rate of the national dental laboratories to dental clinics went up an average of 1: 7.57 for 12 years. In 1994, the rate showed the highest 1:7.91 and in 1990, the rate showed the least 1:7.17. 4) The metropolitan rate of dental laboratories to dental clinics showed the average of 1:6.70 for 12 years, and the rate was highest in 1992(1:7.15) and the rate lowest in 1999(1:6.33). 5) The rate of dental laboratories to dental clinics in other areas was 1:9.53, the average of 12 years and was highest in 1991(1:9.97) and was lowest in 1990(1:8.79). (6) The rate of the Korean dental laboratories to dental clinics was 1:7.37 in 2001, the metropolitan rate was 1:6.53 and the rate in other areas was 1:9.10. According to the regional distribution rate, the rate of Kyounggi was highest (1:15.58) and the rate of Daegu was lowest(1:3.03).