• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.278-283
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• 2006

Styela clava was processed by four different kinds of method including FR (fresh S. clava), H1 (heat treated S. clava at $110^{\circ}C$ for 15 min) H2 (heat treated S. clava at $120^{\circ}C$ for 5 min), and FD (freeze dried S. clava). Each S. clava sample was treated with methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water, then antioxidant and anticancer activities of the extracts were evaluated. In extracts from non-dried S. clava (FR, H1, and H2), total extract yield decreased with increasing treated temperature. The extraction yield was in the order of ethanol>methanol>water>acetone among treated solvents. In case of dried S. clava (FR), the extraction yield was lower than non-dried samples, and was in the order of methanol>ethanol>water>acetone. The radical scavenging activity (RSA) of non-dried S. clava (FR, H1, and H2) was in the order of acetone>ethanol>methanol and heat treatment also decreased RSA. RSA of FD was the highest in ethanol extract, while acetone and water extracts did not show RSA. When antioxidant activity was determined by reducing power (RD), methanol extract of FR showed the highest values and heat treatment decreased RD, too. RD of FD was in the order of methanol>ethanol>water>acetone. The acetone extracts from FD showed significant anticancer activity against human colon cancer cell line HT-29. These results indicated that extraction yield and properties of extracts from S. clava were dependent on processing temperature, solvent and/or physicochemical state. The appropriate extraction process should provide some valuable bioactive materials from S. clava.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2008

Purpose: Radio-isotopes (RI) use has been steadily developing due to industrial and technical development in the modern medical society. Particularly, popularization of domestic cyclotrons dramatically enable hospitals to produce and use diagnostic radio-isotopes. Generally, only specific facilities such as hospitals, research institutes, nuclear power plants and universities can use radio-isotopes, they are also responsible for ventilation system. The strength of radioactivity in the air is strongly regulated and controlled by korea atomic energy law in Korea Institue of Nuclear Safety (KINS), so that air radioactivity exposure can lead to environmental pollution surrounding places. In this study, we'd like to find out the investigation and the present condition of the controlled ventilation system in domestic hospitals by an emission standard from KINS, and try to reach an agreement about how to use the ventilation system. Result: Definition of filters, features and structures of pre-filters, hepa-filters, charcol filters, filter exchange procedures and precautions are explained. RI deflation concentration and filter exchange cycle have been presented as a standard prescribed in the rules of KINS. The Radiation Control Management System (RCMS) introduced by Seoul National University Bundang Hospital linking to digital pressure gauge with computer controller in another medical facilities were described in details. Conclusions: The system of medical facilities using RI has been remarkably developing in 21 century. Especially, radiation safety control system has also been grown rapidly into the subdivision, specialization, advanced technology along with international technical improvement. However, As far as current RI ventilation system is concerned, it has nothing better than doing in the past. Preferentially, to reinforce this, more sophisticated system with strict periodic filter exchange and exhaust air control guidance should be introduced by applying brilliant domestic information technology for RCMS and digital gauge method. From personal point of view as a radiation safety manager, I have provide with present problems and improvements. Futhermore, more improved guidance should be conducted.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.149-163
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• 2016

Seafarers are an essential resource in maritime industries, which provide navigation skills, vessel maneuvering skills and fishing skills in the fishery industry. They also work as a driving force in pilotage, port operation, vessel traffic service, and marine safety. Other areas in maritime services, which rely on seafarer include safety management of ships, supervisory activities, and maritime accident assessment. In these ways, Korean seafarers have contributed to the growth of Korean economy. However, there have been issues of high separation rate, shortage of supply, multi-nationality, multiplicity of culture caused by employment of foreign seafarers, and aging. The present paper finds that maritime officers and fishery officers demonstrate differences in the statistics of on-board job taking and separation: the separation rate of fishery officers is higher than that of maritime officers. The existing data and statistics by the Korea Seafarer's Welfare & Employment Center could be improved by changing its structure from time series to panel data. The Korea Seafarer's Welfare & Employment Center is the ideal institution for collecting the panel data, as it has already accumulated and published relevant statistics regarding seafarer. The basic design method of the panel data is to adopt and improve it by including the information on ratings of maritime and fishery industries, ranks in a ship, personal information, family life, and career goal. Panel data are useful in short- and long-term forecasts of supply of Korean seafarers; demand evaluation of education, training, and reeducation of the seafarers; demographical dynamic analysis on Korean seafarers; inducement policy of long-term on board job taking in harmony with man-power demands in marine industries such as pilotage service; implementation of job attractiveness policy on Korean seafarers; and employment stabilization of Korean seafarers.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.153-163
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to enhance the model's speed of estimating weather variables (e.g., minimum/maximum temperature, sunshine hour, PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model) based precipitation), which are applied to the Agrometeorological Early Warning System (http://www.agmet.kr). The current process of weather estimation is operated on high-performance multi-core CPUs that have 8 physical cores and 16 logical threads. Nonetheless, the server is not even dedicated to the handling of a single county, indicating that very high overhead is involved in calculating the 10 counties of the Seomjin River Basin. In order to reduce such overhead, several cache and parallelization techniques were used to measure the performance and to check the applicability. Results are as follows: (1) for simple calculations such as Growing Degree Days accumulation, the time required for Input and Output (I/O) is significantly greater than that for calculation, suggesting the need of a technique which reduces disk I/O bottlenecks; (2) when there are many I/O, it is advantageous to distribute them on several servers. However, each server must have a cache for input data so that it does not compete for the same resource; and (3) GPU-based parallel processing method is most suitable for models such as PRISM with large computation loads.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.913-921
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• 2011

This study examined the overall feasibility of low carbon green village formed in rural area. The check method is analyzing its environmental and economic feasibility and energy self-reliance. The biomass of the villages was set as 28 ton/day of livestock feces and 2 ton/day of cut fruit tree branches which make up the total of 30 ton/day. The facility consisted of a bio gasfication facility using wet (livestock feces) biomass and combined heat power generator, composting facility and wood boiler using dry (cut fruit tree branches) biomass. When operating the system, 540,540 kWh/yr of electricity and 1,762 Gcal/yr of heat energy was produced. The region's electricity energy and heat energy self-reliance rate will be 100%. The economic feasibility was found as a loss of 140 million won where the facility installation cost is 5.04 billion won, operation cost is 485.09 million won and profit is 337.12 million won. There will be a loss of about 2.2 billion won in 15 years but in the environmental analysis, it was found that crude replacement effect is about 178 million won, greenhouse gas reduction effect is about 92 million won making up the total environmental benefit of 270 million won. This means, there will be a yearly profit of about 130 million won. In terms of its environmental and economic feasibility and energy self-reliance, this project seemed to be a feasible project in overall even if it manages to get help from the government or local government.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.281-290
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• 2016

Coastal areas, used as human utilization areas like leisure space, medical care, ports and power plants, etc., are regions that are continuously changing and interconnected with oceans and land. Regular monitoring of coastal changes is essential at key locations with such volatility. But the survey method of terrestial LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) system has much time consuming and many restrictions. For effective monitoring coastal changes, KIOST(Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) has constructed a shipborne mobile LiDAR system. The shipborne mobile LiDAR system, installed in a research vessel, comprised a land based LiDAR(RIEGL LMS-420i), an IMU(MAGUS Inertial+), a RTKGNSS(LEICA GS15 GS25), and a fixed platform. The shipborne mobile LiDAR system is much more effective than a land based LiDAR system in the measuring of fore shore areas without shadow zone. Because the vessel with the shipborne mobile LiDAR system is continuously moved along the shoreline, it is possible to efficiently survey a large area in a relatively short time. We conducted test measurements in the Anmok-Songjung beach around the Gangneung port. Effective monitoring of the changes using the constructed shipborne mobile LiDAR system for seriously eroded coastal areas will be able to contribute to coastal erosion management and response.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.475-485
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• 2006

The physical properties of the central and southwestern crust of South Korea were estimated by comparing values of ${Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ in the Kimcheon and Mokpo areas. In order to get ${Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ values, seismic data were collected from two stations of the KIGAM network (KMC and MUN) and four stations of the KMA network (CPN, KUC, MOP, and WAN). An extended coda-normalization method was applied to these data. Estimates of ${Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ show variations depending on frequency. As frequencies vary from 3 Hz to 24 Hz, the estimates decrease from $(1.4{\pm}3.9){\times}10^{-3}\;to\;(2.3{\pm}3.5){\times}10^{-4}\;for\;{Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;(1.8{\pm}1.3){\times}10^{-3}\;to\;(1.9{\pm}1.5){\times}10^{-4}\;for\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ in central South Korea, and $(5.9{\pm}4.8){\times}10^{-3}\;to\;(2.2{\pm}3.8){\times}10^{-4}\;for\;{Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;(0.5{\pm}2.8){\times}10^{-3}\;to\;(1.8{\pm}1.6){\times}10^{-4}\;for\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ in southwestern South Korea. According that a frequency-dependent power law is applied to the data, the best fits of ${Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;{Q_S}^{-1}\;are\;0.003f^{-0.49}\;and\;0.005f^{-1.03}$ in central South Korea, and $0.026f^{-1.47}$ and $0.001f^{-0.49}$ in southwestern South Korea, respectively. These values almost correspond to those of seismically stable regions although ${Q_P}^{-1}$ values of southwestern South Korea are a little high due to lack of data used.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical results of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and posterolateral structure (PLS) reconstruction using bilateral hamstring tendon autografts. Materials and Methods: From October 2002 to March 2004, ten patients were received PCL and PLS reconstruction simultaneously using bilateral hamstring autografts. PCL was reconstructed using ipsilateral hamstring tendon and fixed with cross pins and Intrafix (Mitek, Norwood, MA). PLS was reconstructed using contralateral hamstring tendon. The mean follow up was 17 months. Clinical assessments consisted of Lysholm knee scores, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) evaluation form and posterior stress radiographs. External rotation of tibia was evaluated at $30^{\circ}\;and\;90^{\circ}$ knee flexion using Noyes and Barber-Westin's classification. Contralateral harvest site morbity was evaluated using IKDC evaluation form and flexion power of the knee. Results: Mean posterior displacement of tibia using stress radiographs was improved from 13.3 mm to 3.7 mm. In tibial external rotation evaluation, 7 patients were functional, 2 patients were partially functional and one failure. The average Lysholm knee score improved from 54 preoperatively to 86 postoperatively. At the final IKDC evaluation, 8 patients were graded as nearly normal, 2 were graded as abnormal. In contralateral harvest site morbidity evaluation, 2 patients complained of numbness around the wound but negligible. Conclusion: PCL and PLS reconstruction using bilateral hamstring autografts was considered as a good treatment method with minimal contralateral harvest site morbidity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.190-197
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• 2012

This study was performed to evaluate the extraction method (Yacon ethanol extracts; YEE, Yacon pressed extracts; YPE) and various levels (0.05-1.0%) of Yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia) on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In linoleic acid emulsion of YPE, there were higher iron chelation activity and antioxidant activity than those of YEE (p<0.05). A 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power of both extracts showed a higher rate at 0.5% level. Ground pork patties, which contain 0.5% YEE and YPE, were manufactured and BHT (0.01%) was used as a reference. Physicochemical properties and microbial counts of ground pork patties, containing a different type of Yacon, were evaluated during the 14 d of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. A pH level, and lightness (Hunter L), as well as the yellowness (Hunter b) values of treatments were not different from those of the control (p>0.05), but increased during storage, at $4^{\circ}C$. Lightness values of ground pork patties, with Yacon extracts, showed the highest. TBARS value of ground pork patties that contains Yacon increased with increased storage at $4^{\circ}C$ (p<0.05), and pork patties with YPE or YEE retarded the lipid oxidation, during refrigerated storage, as compared to that of the CTL. Thus, YPE could be used as a potential possibility to inhibit the lipid oxidation of processed meats, during the refrigerated storage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 1999

Fly ash is the fine ash particles that are flying out of chimney of the thermoelectric power plant where coals are used as fuel. There are two kinds of fly ashes from anthracite and bituminous coal. By scanning electron microscope(SEM) morphological feature of fly ash was confirmed to the exact spherical particles with the diameter variation from the fine to the largest about $50{\mu}m$(mainly silty particle). Surface of anthracite ash particle was very smooth but that of bituminous was somewhat coarse. To find the utilization of fly ash for improving soil permeability, soils of 4 kinds of different texture, clay, clay loam, sandy clay loam and sand mere applied with 7 levels of fly ash: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100%(w/w) and their saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks) were determined at each application by constant head method. In clay soil with low water permeability, Ks value was increased about 10 times from $10^{-8}$ to $10^{-7}m\;s^{-1}$ level with application of 10% fly ash and it was slightly increased with increasing fly ash application from 40 to 80%. In clay loam Ks value was about $10^{-7}m\;s^{-1}$ level and its value was not influenced by the fly ash application. In sandy clay loam with relatively high permeability, Ks value was decreased about 10 times from $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-6}m\;s^{-1}$ level with application of 10% fly ash and also decreased about 50 times from $10^{-5}$ to $5.0{\times}10^{-7}m\;s^{-1}$ with application of more than 20% fly ash. In sand with very high permeability, Ks value was decreased about 10 times from $10^{-4}$ to $10^{-5}m\;s^{-1}$ level with application of 10% fly ash and also decreased about 100 times from $10^{-4}$ to $10^{-6}m\;s^{-1}$ level with application of 20% fly ash and continuously decreased about 500 times from $10^{-4}$ to $5.0{\times}10^{-7}m\;s^{-1}$ level with application of more than 40% fly ash. In conclusion by fly ash application saturated hydraulic conductivity was increased in clay soil, on the contrary it was decreased in sandy soils. Fly ash may be used as a material for amelioration of soil permeability.