• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographic(EMG) activities of trunk and hip muscles between right and left sides while subjects performed prolonged manual task in asymmetric and symmetric weight-bearing posture. Fifteen healthy male college students were recruited for this study. The subjects were asked to perform bimanual upper extremity task for 6 minutes in two different standing postures. In the symmetric weight-bearing posture, the subjects were standing with evenly distributed body weights to both legs. In the asymmetric weight-bearing posture, the subjects distributed about 90% of their body weight onto their preferred(supporting) leg and 10% of their body weight onto the opposite leg while they were standing. EMG activities of the right and left internal oblique, erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius were measured and normalized as % MVIC. Then the EMG data were statistically analyzed using paired t-tests. The EMG activities of all measured muscles were not significantly different between the right and left side in the symmetrical weight-bearing posture(p>0.05). However, the EMG of the supporting side internal oblique was significantly lower than the opposite side(p<0.05), and the EMG of the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius were significantly greater on the supporting side(p<0.05). The results of this study support that unbalanced use of right and left muscle possibly causes the changes in muscle length which results in asymmetry of trunk and hip muscles. Furthermore, the uneven weight support onto right and left legs will cause a distortion of viscoelastic ligaments around hip and sacroiliac joints in the long run. Further studies to determine the effect of various manual tasks on the trunk and hip muscles as well as the effect of asymmetrical weight-bearing standing posture on hip and back muscle fatigue may be required.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.392-394
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• 2010

Trochlear nerve palsy associated with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is known to be a rare malady. We report here on a patient who suffered with left trochlear nerve palsy following rupture of a right posterior communicating artery aneurysm. A 56-year-woman visited our emergency department with stuporous mental change. Her Hunt-and-Hess grade was 3 and the Fisher grade was 4. Cerebral angiography revealed a ruptured aneurysm of the right posterior communicating artery. The aneurysm was clipped via a right pterional approach on the day of admission. The patient complained of diplopia when she gazed to the left side, and the ophthalmologist found limited left inferolateral side gazing due to left superior oblique muscle palsy on day 3. Elevated intracranial pressure, intraventricular hemorrhage or a dense clot in the basal cisterns might have caused this trochlear nerve palsy.

• 치과방사선
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.151-162
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• 1987

The author obtained the computed tomograms around the condylar head from 10 normal subjects and 5 patients having clicking condylar head from 10 normal subjects and 5 patients having clicking sound or limitation of mouth opening by using a Hitachi-W 500. And then. the author had the axial analysis of condyle position and sagittal analysis of that after sagittal reformation on centric occlusion and 18㎜ interincisal opening. Transcranial view and submentovertex view were taken and compared with computed tomographic view. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Median angle of long axis of condylar head was 17 degrees on centric occlusion and the angles of long axis of both condylar heads were reduced symmetrically on 18㎜ interincisal opening in normal group. however. in the patient group, the affected side of condyle heads showed greater change in the angle on 18㎜ interincisal opening. 2. In the patient group, the condyle head of affected side was located superiorly to that of normal side on centric occlusion and the discrepancy of condular positional height was increased after 18㎜ interincisal opening. 3. The distances from medial pole of condylar head to triangular fossa of temporal bone were same on both right and left side in normal group, however, in the patient group, the distance of affected side was wider than that of opposite side on centric occusion and became narrower than the opposite side on 18㎜ interincisal opening. 4. The distances of posterior joint space were same on both right and left side. The distance t lateral pole 1/3 of condyle head was similar to that on transcranial view on centric occlusion in normal group. 5. The distances of posterior joint space were narrower in patient group than in normal group. 6. Conclusively, the affected condylar head of patient showed postero-latero-superior displacement on centric occlusion and larger range of rotational movement on 18㎜ interincisal opening.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study was aim to the change of muscle activities of lower extremity and waist during lifting a small object on the floor according to different foot position of women in their twenties wearing a skirt. METHODS: 9 women in their twenties wearing a skirt were selected and were measured the muscle activities of medial gastrocnemius (MG), tibialis anterior (TA), vastus lateralis (VL) and iliocostalis (IC) when they lifted a small object on the floor. The two different foot position employed were "both feet posed straight side by side" (condition 1) and "both feet posed diagonally to 45 degree" (condition 2) used. The order of feet position was selected randomly and the subject took a rest for 30 min between tests to prevent muscle fatigue. We calculated the mean and standard deviation of muscle activities and used Mann-Whitney U test to compare the difference between the two foot positions with SPSS(IBM Korea) RESULTS: The muscle activity of condition 2 was greater than that of condition 1 in right side of TA, VL, and IC and left side of TA, VL, MG and IC. The right side of TA, VL and left side VL were significant difference between condition 1 and condition 2(p<.05). CONCLUSION: We suggest "both feet posed straight side by side" position is better if a woman wearing a skirt lift the small object and it will help prevent the low back and lower limb problems in the future.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2006

Objective: The purposes of this study are to provide fundamental data and a rehabilitation program in physical therapy. It has been operated by 30 male college students for lumbar isokinetic exercises. Method : Subjects have been carried out in an experiment by Biodex system operating isokinetic torso rotation. This performance was activated by left rotation after right rotation repeatedly. Results: 1. The mean peak torques at $60^{\circ}$/sec were $95.6{\pm}20.62$ (Rt) and $93.84{\pm}18.41$ (Lt). 2. The mean peak torques/body weight at $60^{\circ}$/sec were $69.28{\pm}28.31$ (Rt) and $67.07{\pm}27.04$ (Lt). 3. The total works in right side at $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec were $492.21{\pm}92.37$, $1294.97{\pm}278.96$ and in left side at $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec were $515.78{\pm}109.47$, $1443.74{\pm}329.67$. 4. The work to body weight ratio at $60^{\circ}$/sec was $78.30{\pm}32.37$ (Rt) and $79.93{\pm}37.30$ (Lt). 5. The average powers in right side at $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec were $76.75{\pm}16.69$, $117.19{\pm}29.94$ and in left side at $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec were $78.54{\pm}18.58$, $125.39{\pm}32.90$. 6. The work fatigue at $180^{\circ}$/sec was $21.76{\pm}14.82$ (Rt) and $19.66{\pm}26.23$ (Lt). Conclusion: In right side and left side, there was no significant difference in peak torque. peak torque/body weight, work to body-weight ratio, average power of trunk rotators at $60^{\circ}$/sec(p<0.05). However there was a significant difference in the total work of trunk rotators at $60^{\circ}$/sec(p>0.05). Also there was a significant difference in the average of trunk rotators at $180^{\circ}$/sec(p>0.05).

• 감성과학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2015

본 연구는 인쇄광고물에 있어서 복수의 제품(고가제품과 저가제품)을 대상으로 하는 인쇄광고물에서 효과적인 레이아웃을 도출하기 위한 연구를 시도하였다. 실증분석에서는 두 유형 제품에 대해 4종류의 인쇄광고물(좌/우 제시 2종류와 상/하 제시 2종류)을 디자인하여 고가제품과 저가제품의 배열에 대한 소비자 반응을 분석하였다: 디자인A(고가제품-좌측, 저가제품-우측), 디자인B(저가제품-좌측, 고가제품-우측), 디자인C(고가제품-상단, 저가제품-하단), 디자인D(저가제품-상단, 고가제품-하단). 분석결과에서는 고가제품의 경우는 대각선의 시작점에 제시되었을 때 소비자의 선택이 증가하고 저가제품의 경우에는 대각선의 끝점에 제시되었을 때 소비자의 선택이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고가제품과 저가제품을 동시에 광고하는 경우 고가제품의 광고물은 좌측 또는 상측에 배치하고 저가제품의 광고물은 우측 또는 하단에 배치함으로써 두 제품의 매출을 증가시킬 수 있음을 의미한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.218-221
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• 2005

This report describes a case of dizziness in a patient with trigeminal neuralgia that was caused by a vestibular schwannoma. A 60-year-old man with a history of pain on his left cheek, chin, molar and tongue for 5 months was diagnosed as suffering with trigeminal neuralgia of the left mandibular nerve, and this was caused by a left vestibular schwannoma. The diagnosis of the tumor was confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and so gamma knife surgery was performed 1 month later. At that time, the patient had been referred to the pain clinic due to allodynia on the tongue and gingival, and hypesthesia was also present on the left half of the face. Trigeminal nerve block with dehydrogenated alcohol and stellate ganglion block with 1% mepivacaine were performed and oral medication with diphenylhydantoin was started. The symptoms were alleviated after nerve block and oral medication. Dizziness, blurred vision and ataxia then developed from the 13th hospital day. We considered the symptoms as a side effect of diphenylhydantoin and we reduced the dose of diphenylhydantoin. However, the symptoms grew worse. Another brain MRI showed a slight increase of the tumor size and a mass effect with displacement of the adjacent organs, and hydrocephalus was also noted. This case shows the importance of considering the secondary symptoms that are due to brain tumor while treating trigeminal neuralgia. The changes of the brain tumors should also be considered along with the presence of new side effects.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.2084-2094
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• 2021

Delta-form-based methods for solving high order spatial discretization schemes are introduced into the reactor S_N transport equation. Due to the nature of the delta-form, the final numerical accuracy only depends on the residuals on the right side of the discrete equations and have nothing to do with the parts on the left side. Therefore, various high order spatial discretization methods can be easily adopted for only the transport term on the right side of the discrete equations. Then the simplest step or other robust schemes can be adopted to discretize the increment on the left hand side to ensure the good iterative convergence. The delta-form framework makes the sweeping and iterative strategies of various high order spatial discretization methods be completely the same with those of the traditional S_N codes, only by adding the residuals into the source terms. In this paper, the flux limiter method and weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme are used for the verification purpose to only show the advantages of the introduction of delta-form-based solving methods and other high order spatial discretization methods can be also easily extended to solve the S_N transport equations. Numerical solutions indicate the correctness and effectiveness of delta-form-based solving method.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.138-147
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• 2000

Objectives and Method : In this study, I have investigated what kind of primary factors detennine the apoplexy prognosis, and the method of the function assessment about the apoplexy by inquiry into the literature on this subject Results and Conclusions : 1. The primary factors to have an effect upon the appoplexy are : the location of Pungsa; whether five organs ki is existent or not; pulse feeling; tongue condition; whether or not the patient produces stool or urine; for males, the left side; for females, the right side ; whether or not the patient sweats; consciousness; vital signs; and the region and size of disease and brain hernia. 2. MBI is often used because it is considered to be objective, simple, and highly reliable. But its absence of a legal recognition assessment is a major incongruence. 3. Inclusive and standard assessment are key points in the reinforecement by AM of legal recognition assessment, but it takes a lot of time and is not endowed with adding an extra weight and is vague to the division between the communication and social recognition grade. 4. AI is useful and easy to evaluate the mental ability, the capacity for locomotion and the daily activities inclusively.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

A 10-day-old, Holstein calf with facial mass of 10 cm in diameter at the forehead region referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in Chungnam National University. The mass was soft and fluctuating swelling. It had normal skin and hair hanging forward from frontal region and was thought to contain cerebrospinal fluid. On the skull radiography, cauliflower like-irregular marginated, soft tissue opacity mass was identified craniodorsal to the frontal bone. The mass appeared as a cyst filled with anechoic fluid on ultrasonography. Soft tissue structures considered brain tissues were observed in the deep area of the mass. On the computed tomography, a large skull defect of left side frontal bone was found, and heterogeneous materials were exposed through the defect but exposure of cerebral meninges and brain tissue were not confirmative. On magnetic resonance imaging, herniated left brain parenchyma showed heterogenous T2 and T1 hyperinsensity. In the intracranium, T2 hyperinstense and T1 hypointense fluid was identified on the left side, instead of left cerebral parenchyma. Also leftward shift of right hemisphere and midline structure, including thalamus and midbrain, were observed. The definitive diagnosis was confirmed as a meningoencephalocele based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The calf was euthanized and necropsy was performed. On necropsy, both hemisphere were developed unequally with different size. One side hemisphere was grown in the outside through 10 cm hole on the median plane.