• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6D
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• pp.767-774
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• 2008

This study has been developed the way that evaluates the road safety using the speed of individual vehicles at curve sections in 2-lane rural highways. For this study, we developed variation of operational speed for the individual vehicle using the speed of vehicles in 96points of selected roads. Drawing out of variation of operational speed for the individual vehicle, estimation models for speed variation of individual vehicles considering horizontal alignments and vertical alignments of the roads have been developed. These models presents the way to evaluate road safety out of the operational speed and acceleration of individual vehicles. Considering safety and based on the results of these study above, some regular spots are ranked by "good", "fair", "bad". The results that this study showed in this paper could be useful to derive some particular spots that needs to be improve in terms of safety.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.87-103
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• 2002

This study shows the effect of individual decision style on the Bullwhip effect of supply chain. There are four individual decision styles developed by Rowe and Boulgarides(1992). The analysis of the relationship between individual decision style and supply chain dynamics is focused on overshot against final consumer order rate. Multi methodologies are used to meet the goal of this study, which are survey, game and simulation. As a result of this study, the Bullwhip effect of supply chain isn't influenced by individual decision style. This study shows different result in comparision with the prior research results that individual fact affected the Bullwhip effect of supply chain, Therfore, it is important to improve supply chain infrastructure and system than the individual fact for decreasing the Bullwhip effect of supply chain.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.95-103
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• 2021

This study analyzed the direct effect of peer trustworthiness dimensions on individual Ambidexterity, and also tested the moderating effect of market turbulence. Market turbulence reflected in this study is to refer to the degree of changes in consumer preferences and demand in the market. The research results are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the relationship between trustworthiness dimensions and individual Ambidexterity, it was found that competence and authenticity had a significant effect on individual Ambidexterity. Second, in the relationship between trustworthiness dimensions and individual Ambidexterity, market turbulence shows a negative (-) interaction effect with ability, and a positive (+) interaction effect with integrity, thereby was analyzed to be playing a moderating role between trustworthiness dimensions and individual Ambidexterity.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.80-83
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• 2011

Isotope ratio analysis of nuclear materials in individual particles is of great importance for nuclear safeguards. Although secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) are utilized for the analysis of individual uranium particles, few studies were conducted for the analysis of individual uranium-plutonium mixed oxide particles. In this study, we applied SIMS and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to the isotope ratio analysis of individual U-Pu mixed oxide particles. In the analysis of individual U-Pu particles prepared from mixed solution of uranium and plutonium standard reference materials, accurate $^{235}U/^{238}U$, $^{240}Pu/^{239}Pu$ and $^{242}Pu/^{239}Pu$ isotope ratios were obtained with both methods. However, accurate analysis of $^{241}Pu/^{239}Pu$ isotope ratio was impossible, due to the interference of the $^{241}Am$ peak to the $^{241}Pu$ peak. In addition, it was indicated that the interference of the $^{238}UH$ peak to the $^{239}Pu$ peak has a possibility to prevent accurate analysis of plutonium isotope ratios. These problems would be avoided by a combination of ICP-MS and chemical separation of uranium, plutonium and americium in individual U-Pu particles.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2004

This study aims to design and implement individual complete learning system based on IPI(Individually Prescribed Instruction) model. Most of current web based learning systems do not consider individual students' ability and just follow the sequence of instructing contents $\rightarrow$ providing problems $\rightarrow$ presenting the result of evaluating. However, this system focuses on individual ability prior to studying subjects. In individual complete learning system, it is acknowledged that a period and a pace to complete each task will differ from students to students, therefore until they complete the whole unit, they are not allowed to move onto the next unit. After completing each unit, there will be a process of evaluating students' performance. It is necessary to show the correct completion of 80% of the evaluation to move onto next step; for those who are evaluated as inadequate to move on, an individual supplementary instruction will be provided. Therefore, this study intends to supplement the deficit of prior learning and provide feedback dependent on individual's learning ability so that the goal of Individual Whole Complete Learning could be accomplished.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.1_spc
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• pp.153-166
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate middle school student's self-directed learning(SDL) using a hierarchical linear modeling. By considering variances of SDL at individual and school level, the student's SDL was explained in terms of school quality as well as individual efforts. For the HLM analysis, participation in private tutoring, teacher's support for SDL, caring students' individual needs, and participation in extra curriculum activities were explored at individual level. At school level, school SES, quality of national curriculum implementation, and parental support for school were utilized. The results of analysis showed that more than 95% of variance of SDL was explained by variables at individual level. Among the variables at individual level, private tutoring was not a significant variable explaining the SDL. Based upon the results, multiple regression analyses by background variables were also conducted. By interpreting the results of analyses, the impact of school quality and individual efforts on the SDL was discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.140-150
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• 2009

Difference of individual character is defined Cerebral Hemispheric Model(CHM) to develop individual intellectual abilities in this paper. Component of preferred online-game is surveyed in accordance with individual character, and investigated for possible applications. An individual is classified with 2 modes of CHM that take charge of intellectual abilities; abilities is character, taste, personality decision-making and behavior patterns; that is closely related to creativity. Difference of game component could be investigated with correlation table of cerebral preference patterns (CPP) that was drawn up with survey. Individual brain preferences (IBP) became clear through preference of individual in the investigation, and suggested concept guide-line to develop other brain preferences. Thus, this study is able to realize from education game to a great variety of contents that base on the development of thinking-faculties as optimization of user preference, can be the basic data of self-development, to improve intellectual faculties as development of individual thinking preference.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.133-156
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• 2010

This study examines corporate support in learning on individual participation in learning and organizational learning. For this purpose, First, what does corporate support in learning affect individual participation in learning? Second, what does corporate support in learning and individual participation influence organizational learning? This study analyzed 1,268 employees at 139 companies. Sample sizes averaged about 9.22 employee per corporate. This paper used statistical method of hierarchical linear model. Above all, the findings show that corporate support in both formal and informal learning has meaningful effect on individual participation in formal learning and relationship. The findings reveal that corporate support in formal learning has influence on capacity, organizational memory, learning competency, adaptation to environment except sharing value. Furthermore, individual participation in learning has positive effect of increased organizational learning in all areas. In particular, it is shown that participation in informal relationship plays an important role to improve individuals' organizational learning ability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

It is important to measure the height of trees as an essential element for assessing the forest health in urban areas. Therefore, an automated method that can measure the height of individual tree as a three-dimensional forest information is needed in an extensive and dense forest. Since airborne LiDAR dataset is easy to analyze the tree height(z-coordinate) of forests, studies on individual tree height measurement could be performed as an assessment forest health. Especially in urban forests, that adversely affected by habitat fragmentation and isolation. So this study was analyzed to measure the height of individual trees for assessing the urban forests health, Furthermore to identify environmental factors that affect forest growth. The survey was conducted in the Mt. Bongseo located in Seobuk-gu. Cheonan-si(Middle Chungcheong Province). We segment the individual trees on coniferous by automatic method using the airborne LiDAR dataset of the two periods (year of 2016 and 2017) and to find out individual tree growth. Segmentation of individual trees was performed by using the watershed algorithm and the local maximum, and the tree growth was determined by the difference of the tree height according to the two periods. After we clarify the relationship between the environmental factors affecting the tree growth. The tree growth of Mt. Bongseo was about 20cm for a year, and it was analyzed to be lower than 23.9cm/year of the growth of the dominant species, Pinus rigida. This may have an adverse effect on the growth of isolated urban forests. It also determined different trees growth according to age, diameter and density class in the stock map, effective soil depth and drainage grade in the soil map. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the distance to the road and the solar radiation as an environmental factor affecting the tree growth. Since there is less correlation, it is necessary to determine other influencing factors affecting tree growth in urban forests besides anthropogenic influences. This study is the first data for the analysis of segmentation and the growth of the individual tree, and it can be used as a scientific data of the urban forest health assessment and management.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.215-224
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• 1999

The study was conducted to centum the construct of individual perception and preference for work characteristics as personal factors influencing Korean nurses' job satisfaction. The subjects of the study were 231 nurses who are currently working in intensive care units and have been for a minimum of 6 months. The study used the Staff Perception and Preference Scale(Song et al., 1997) to measure the individual's perception and preference on the technical. practice. and management components of the ideal work environment. The Korean version of the Staff Perception and Preference Scale consists of 16 items on perception and 13 on preference with each item related on a scale from 1(not at all) to 4(a great deal). Psychometric testing revealed that the preference and perception scale is internally consistent with Chronbach's alphas of .83 for perception scale arid .80 for preference scale. The subscales of the perception and preference scale also showed acceptable reliability for the early stage of the development of the instruments with Chronbach alphas of .62-.76 and .69-.83 respectively. Criterion-related validity of the scale was tested by examining correlations with individual growth need that is conceptually close to individual preference. but not to individual perception. Individual growth need was significantly related to individual preference(r＝.63, p<.05), but the correlation with the perception scale was not significant. A separate factor analysis for the each of perception and preference scales was performed with a three-factor loading solution based on a previous study. The results on the staff perception scale confirmed with varimax rotation that the items were cleanly and strongly loaded on technique. practice and management components, which together explained 50.7% of the variance. The factor analysis on the staff preference scale also yielded a three factor solution that explained 56.7% of the variance. but items on technique and management components were loaded together. This phenomena may due to the current nursing delivery system in Korea where nurses never experience either shared governance nor case management, and as a results they may not be able to consider management roles as their potential extended roles. Therefore, more efforts should be given to enhance nurses' autonomy and decision making in the technique, practice and management components of their work environment. Meanwhile, there is a need for continuously confirming and developing tools for individual perception and preferences to effectively enhance job satisfaction among Korean nurses through innovative work environments.