• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 2013

The spacing between plug cells and cell volume of each plug cell for nursing tomato seedlings were studied to know the effects on seedling growth and early yield. There were four treatments. The spacing of plug cells was done (OK) or not (NO) in case of cell spacing. The cell number in a plug tray was set to 40 or 50 in case of cell volume. The growth environment and irrigation regime were the same in all of the treatments during the experiment period. The photosynthetic rates, seedling qualities, yield and yield speed were significantly affected by both of the treatments. The photosynthetic rates and seedling qualities were the best in 40S-OK following by 50S-OK, 40S-NO, and 50S-NO while the yield was the best in 40S-OK following by 40S-NO, 50S-OK, 50S-NO. It means the spacing gives more impact than the cell volume in the stage of nursing but the cell volume gives more impact than the spacing after the stage of nursing. In the conclusion the spacing of plug cells in appropriate nursing stage is needed with the appropriate cell volume to make high quality of seedlings and high yield.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.475-487
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to solve the problem of yield loss causing the lag of fertilizer efficiency after tiller stage, being originated by applying mixed expeller cake fertilizer on three day before rice transplanting in organic rice farmers. The mineralization degree of $NH_4-N$ of the mixed expeller cake fertilizer was increased until 7 weeks at flooding condition, and so did $NO_3-N$ until 5 weeks at non-flooding condition. The mineralization rate of nitrogen in paddy soil on 20 days before rice transplanting was the highest by 0.85% on 20 days before the transplanting treatment. The properties of yields during the harvest period have no difference with application time of the mixed expeller cake fertilizer, except soil organic matter. The plan length, culm length and panicle length were the longest on 20 days before rice transplanting. Also, the number of tiller, ripening rat and 1,000 grain weight were the highest on 20 days before rice transplanting, and thereby the yield of white rice were increasing by 9% on 20 days before rice transplanting compared with that of 3 days before rice transplanting. The whiteness values of the rice and amylose content made no difference, but the value of protein and palatability were the same between 20 days and 30 days treatment. In the conclusion, the relationship between rice yield, its quality and application time of the mixed expeller cake fertilizer has showed that the suitable time of applying it reveals 21.3 days before rice transplanting.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.615-626
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• 2020

The objective of present experiment was to examine the impact of different organic nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates and different harvesting periods on the forage yield and feed value of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). This study was carried out from May to September 2019, the amount of 80 kg of kenaf seed/ha were applied with different rates of nitrogen fertilizer. The plants were sampled at 10 days intervals (100, 110, 120, and 130 days after seeding) from different harvesting dates. In the organic fertilizer treatments, the highest dry matter (DM) yield was observed in the application rate at 250 kg of N/ha. Crude protein (CP) content in leaves was similar between the organic fertilizer rates at 200 and 250 kg of N/ha and were higher compared with other fertilizer treatments. The highest CP content in the stem was 4.3% in the organic fertilizer application rates st 250 kg of N/ha. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in leaves showed no significant difference between the chemical fertilizer rates at 200 and 250 kg of N/ha, and the organic fertilizer rates at 150 and 250 kg of N/ha. In addition, DM yield of kenaf was highest in the harvest of 100 days after seeding, and tended to decreased significantly with increase of harvesting periods (p<0.05). As the growth progressed, the plant height and stem ratio increased but the leaves ratio decreased significantly (p<0.05) and the highest was found at 110 days after seeding. The highest CP, Acid detergent fiber (ADF), NDF and total digestible nutrient (TDN) contents in leaves were 13.9, 25.4, 40.5 and 71.1%, respectively that were affected by different harvesting periods. Also, the ADF and NDF in stem increased significantly with increase of kenaf maturity (p<0.05). In conclusion, the optimal organic fertilizer application rates and the proper harvesting periods for the forage yield and quality of kenaf were at 200 to 250 kg of N/ha, and 100 to 110 days after seeding, respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 1996

Oriental melon and watermelon plants were cultivated in the soil treated with bioceramics in a greenhouse during summer season from June 1st to August 20th, 1995. Two application methods were employed, one was a mixed treatment of soil and bioceramics, and the other was a spray treatment of bioceramic solution on the stems and leaves. And two types of bioceramics were also stopped by five levels. In order to analyze the bioceramic effect on oriental melon and watermelon, the growth rate of stems, leaves and fruits were measured in the greenhouse. After harvest, the sweetness of fruits was measured and the freshness of fruits based on the storage period was tested by human taste and smell sense. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The growth rates of stems, leaves and fruits of oriental melon and watermelon were the largest in the bioceramic treatment of No. 3. 2. The density of oriental melon and watermelon was the largest in the bioceramic treatment of No. 3 and No. 2 respectively. 3. The Brix number of watermelon was 10.6 in non-bioceramic treatment and 11.5 in the bioceramic treatment of No. 2, and that of oriental melon was 8.6 in non-bioceramic treatment and 12.3 in the bioceramic treatment of No. 2. 4. The storage duration of watermelon treated with bioceramics was about 50 days in the condition of the ambient temperature of 25-3$0^{\circ}C$.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

Purpose: In Korean rhinoplasty, alloplasts such as silicone rubber have been used for dorsal and tip augmentations. However, alloplasts have produced complications such as deviation, exposure, and infection. Although autogenous tissue is an ideal material, the amount of the cartilage in Korean is not sufficient. Therefore, the authors developed a method to harvest the maximum amount of the septal and conchal cartilage. The authors first performed a complete septal extension graft for short and retruded columella and then performed nasal augmentation using various autogenous tissues. Methods: These surgical techniques were performed on 11 patients. Their average age was 27 years. An open approach with a V-shaped columellar labial incision was performed. At first, the complete septal extension graft was fixed on the entire caudal margin of the septum, and the alar cartilage was suspended to the septal extension graft to make the tip projected and the columella advanced caudally. A temporal fascial ball was used for radix augmentation. For dorsal augmentation, a batten-shaped septal cartilage graft wrapped with or without the temporal fascia or a diced cartilage graft wrapped with the temporal fascia was performed. For nasal tip augmentation, a shield graft and a cap graft or a folded conchal cartilage graft was performed.Results: The mean follow-up period was 11.2 months. The overall results were natural and satisfactory. Two patients underwent slight absorption and caudal displacement. With the exception of these cases, no complications were observed. Conclusion: Korean rhinoplastic surgeons are accustomed to using the alloplasts despite of serious complications. When rhinoplasty using autogenous tissue was performed, some complications occurred such as the displacement of the diced cartilage graft wrapped with the fascia, but many of the complications of alloplastic rhinoplasty were avoided. Therefore, we propose that by this time Korean rhinoplastic surgeons need to change their preference from alloplastic rhinoplasty to autogenous rhinoplasty.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2007

Purpose: The venous flap is used as an alternative method to the standard free flap for the management of small and thin soft tissue defects. Especially, the venous flap has advantages of being thin, easy harvest and various donor sites, as well as it having lower morbidity. Yet their clinical applications have been limited by their unstable postoperative course and also by their complications such as partial necrosis. The aim of this study is to extend the clinical indications of venous flaps with using various methods. Methods: From May 2005 to March 2006, total of 19 patients(21 cases) underwent various venous flaps for soft tissue defects as a result of trauma(15 cases), facial skin cancer(3 cases), chronic ulcer(1 case) and surgical wound for congenital anomaly(2 cases). The arterialized venous free flap were applied in 18 cases, the pure venous free flap was applied in 1 case and the pure venous pedicled flap were applied in 2 cases. Among them, two flow-through arterialized venous free flaps were applied that used the great saphenous vein to reconstructed major arteries as well as the injured skin and soft tissues in the arm. All the flap were harvested from the volar wrist(11 cases), dorsum of foot(5 cases), thenar(2 cases), and medial thigh(3 cases). Results: The sizes of the flap ranged from $0.75cm^2$ to $264cm^2$(mean size: $40.06cm^2$). The follow-up period ranged from two to twelve months. In the majority of cases, we obtained satisfying results, which was the excellent reconstruction of skin and soft tissue defects and especially in the case of limb salvage, replantation and cancer reconstruction. However, there were 5 cases of partial necrosis and 2 cases of complete failure. The donor sites were closed primarily in 7 cases and wound closure with skin graft were in 14 cases. Conclusion: We conclude that the venous flap will not only be useful for reconstruction of small defect in the hand and foot, but also be useful for various other clinical indications.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.s01
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• pp.86-97
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• 1988

Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) is probably the most ancient oilseed crop known in the world. The seed of sesame is used in a variety of ways as food. The whole seed may be eaten raw, either roasted or parched, or fed to birds and stock. Sesame oil is used as a salad or cooking oil, in shortening, margarine and in the manufacture of soap. Minor uses are as a fixative in the perfume industry and formerly as a carrier for fatsoluble substances in pharmaceuticals such as penicillin. One of the minor constituents of sesame oil, sesamin, is used for its synergistic effect in pyrethrin insecticides, in addition of a small quantity of this substance markedly increases the effectiveness of fly sprays. The meal remaining after oil extraction can be used as and animal feed-stuff or as manure. In general sesame meal is considered to be equal to cottonseed or soybean meal as a protein supplement for livestock and poultry. It is especially high in certain amino-acids such as methionine, which is low in soybean meal, and thus can be combined with it or similar meal to form a more balanced ration. An attempt to summarize the literature review on quality improvement of sesame was made to discuss the accomplishments of the past and perspectives in the future. The reviews on quality improvement of sesame were mainly discussed in connection with the cultural practices and genetic informations in current status. The emphasis focussed on environmental variation of quality in cultural practices, such as harvest time, variety by location, climatic condition, fertilizer application, and growth regulator treatment. On the genetic variation of quality, it was discussed on variety background, mutation breeding, correlations, and inheritance of quality related characteristics. It also was discussed on relationship between quality and plant traits, storage condition or period, and seed coat color. Moreover, current research status were reviewed on some minor elements such as sesamin, oxalic acid, and trypsin inhibitor. As a results of the review, the lack of an effort to quality improvement in each utilization area was indicated as a problem area. More active efforts for the improvement of quality were also insufficient to incorporate the available genes for quality in breeding method or collection and analysis of breeding materials. Therefore, researches in the future would be recommended to emphasize on these problem areas.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.4 s.87
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• pp.531-537
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• 1998

Forest green mold incidence rate, extent of damage according to the inoculation periods, and its cultural characteristics were observed in the automatic cultural system of the winter mushroom, Flammulina velutipes. The incidence rate of the forest green mold was 7.7% in early cultivation stage and slowly increased to 14.9% in harvest stage. When the forest green mold was inoculated at cultural period, the rate was recorded at 100%, but the extent of the damage increased up to 40% (+++). There was also 100% incidence rate at early pinheading time, whereas the yield of mushroom decreased to ++ $(10{\sim}39%)$. The rate of forest green mold was greatly decreased to 34.4% at 10 days after pinheading, and its damage extent was also below 10%. A pathogen to infect the winter mushroom was identified as Trichoderma pseudokoningii. It's optimum temperature for mycelial growth is $25^{\circ}C$, and it grew 2.6 times faster than that of F. velutipes. The mycelial color of T. pseudokoningii was pale yellow or olivaceous in shades on PDA medium. Phialospore was one celled, and ellipsodal or obovoid, smooth walled, and measured $1.3{\sim}3.0{\times}1.0{\sim}2.5\;{\mu}m$. It aggregated in small heads at the tips of the phialides. The phialides were $3.2{\sim}9.2{\times}2.0{\sim}5.5\;{\mu}m$ and were of bowling pin type, solitary and alternate or more irregularly disposed at the conidiophore apex, T. pseudokoningii depressed the F. velutipes growth at the crossing cultivation when they were simultaneously. FV 4-1 (F. velutipes) cultivar was less depressed by T. pseudokoningii, but had a lower cross growth rate than the other four cultivars.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.437-446
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• 1993

More realistic calculation models for evaluating man's annual intakes of radionuclides released from operating nuclear facilities were established. For the application of these models, the harvest years of food and feed crops consumed in the year of dose assessment and every year's average concentrations of a radionuclide in air and in water for the whole period of real operation had to be taken into account. KFOOD, an existing equilibrium food chain computer code for the Korean dose assessment, was modified according to the models. Sample runs of the modified code on the assumption of a constant release during 10 years' operation were made with three kinds of the input data files enabling the dose assessment in the improved method, the KFOOD method and another existing method, respectively, and the results were compared. Annual committed effective doses to Korean adult by intakes of Mn-54, Co-60, Sr-90, I-131 and Cs-137 calculated in the improved method were about 11, 2, 5, 60 and 3%, respectively, lower than the corresponding KFOOD dose. To the intakes of the radionuclides except Sr-90 evaluated in the improved method, foliar uptake contributed much more than root uptake did but, in the case of Sr-90, the result was opposite.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.331-335
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• 1985

Series of study were conducted to develop a method for longterm storage of chest-nut with preserving it's taste and freshness. Experiments were carried out with Korean chest-nut (Castanea crenata var. Okkwang) sealed in polyethylene (P.E) film stored under the ambient and low temperature. Summarized results are as follow: After the harvest, $CO_2$ produced by chest-nut at the early storage was increased with temperature increase. Q10 mg/kg/day, the temperature index of $CO_2$production, by chest-nut ranged 2.4-2.7. It was available to store chest-nut in good condition with 8-15% total loss upto the following may at the ambient temperature sealed in 0.03 mm P.E. film, and upto the following july at the low temperature if sealed in 0.03 or 0.05 mm P.E. film. Throughout the period from one month after the innitiation upto the end of the storage, the rate of $CO_2$and $O_2$ was maintained near the optimum condition for the CA storage of chest-nut. The taste of chest-nut was improved during the storage due to increased reducing-sugar and decreased wate soluble tannin. However, the taste become bitter and unacceptable from the early stage of the storage when used the thicker P.E. film (than above mentioned) for the sealing.