• Mycobiology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.423-434
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• 2015

The study was conducted to compare the effects of different agro-wastes on the growth, yield, and nutritional composition of oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and Pleurotus cystidiosus (PC). Seven substrate formulas including sawdust (SD), corncob (CC), sugarcane bagasse (SB) alone and in combination of 80 : 20, 50 : 50 ratio between SD and CC, SD and SB were investigated. The results indicated that different substrate formulas gave a significant difference in total colonization period, characteristics of fruiting bodies, yield, biological efficiency (BE), nutritional composition and mineral contents of two oyster mushrooms PO and PC. The results showed that increasing CC and SB reduced C/N ratio, and enhanced some mineral contents (Ca, P, and Mg) of substrate formulas. The increased amount of CC and SB of substrate formulas enhanced protein, ash, mineral contents (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn) of fruiting bodies of both mushrooms. Substrates with 100% CC and 100% SB were the most suitable substrate formulas for cultivation of oyster mushrooms PO and PC in which they gave the highest values of cap diameter, stipe thickness, mushroom weight, yield, BE, protein, fiber, ash, mineral content (Ca, K, and Mg) and short stipe length. However, substrate formula 100% CC gave the slowest time for the first harvest of both mushrooms PO and PC (46.02 days and 64.24 days, respectively). It is also found that the C/N ratio of substrate formulas has close correlation with total colonization period, mushroom weight, yield, BE and protein content of mushroom PO and PC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2005

The objective of this research was to find an indirect method to estimate spectral reflectance and NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) efficiently, using the spectroradiometer and NOAA AVHRR satellite data. For collecting RS base data, used spectro-radiometer that measures reflection characteristics between 300~1,100nm was used and measured the reflection of vegetation from paddy rice during the growing season at Chungbuk national university's farm in 2002. The feasibility of detecting the temporal variation in the spectral reflectance and NDVI in paddy rice were conducted on eight growth stages. AVHRR data were collected in eight different months over a one year period in 2002. The results were compared with those obtained by analyzing NDVI characteristics. The spectral reflectance and NDVI of paddy rice have a great effect on the growth condition. Considerably, NDVI was increased by developing muscle fiber tissue at the near infrared wavelength until the Booting stage. Then the NDVI increased until the Maturity stage and then decreased until harvest. The highest month was at July and the lower month was at March. The difference NDVI analysis using March and another months data was conducted, the results were provided information on the growth condition of crops.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 한국작물학회 2000년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.28-45
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• 2000

It was unusual crop weather for 1998 and 1999 compared with normal in Korea. The consecutive days of the optimum ripening period for rice plant that had daily mean temperature 21-23C for 40 days after heading, increased with long anomalies in 1998-99. The air temperature during ripening period was much higher than the optimum temperature and lower sunshine hour than normal in the local adaptability tests of newly developed rice lines during those years. In response of rice cultivation to warming and cloudy weather during crop season, the yield shall be decreased. Most scientists agree that the rate of heating is accelerating and temperature change could become increasingly disruptive. Weather patterns should also become more erratic. Agrometeorologists could be analyzed yearly variations of temperature, sunshine hour and rainfall pattern focused on transient agroclimate change for last a decade. Rice agronomists could be established taking advantage of real time agricultural meteorology information system for fertilization, irrigation, pest control and harvest. Also they could be analyzed the characteristics of flowering response of the recommended and newly bred rice cultivars for suitable cropping plan such as cultural patterns and sowing or transplanting date. Rice breeders should be deeply considered introducing the characteristics of basic vegetative type of flowering response like Tonsil rices as prospective rice cultivars corresponding to global warming because of the rices needed higher temperature at ripening stage than Japonica rices, photoperiod sensitive and thermo-sensitive ecotypes

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2012

More than ten years have passed since the sentinel node (SN) concept for gastric cancer surgery was first discussed. Less invasive modified surgical approaches based on the SN concept have already been put into practice for malignant melanoma and breast cancer, however the SN concept is not yet placed in a standard position in gastric cancer surgery even after two multi-institutional prospective clinical trials, the Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial (JCOG0302) and the Japanese Society for Sentinel Node Navigation Surgery (SNNS) trial. What is the problem in the clinical application of the SN concept to gastric cancer surgery? There is no doubt that we need reliable indicator(s) to determine with certainty the absence of metastasis in the lymph nodes in order to avoid unnecessary lymphadenectomy. There are several matters of debate in performing the actual procedure, such as the type of tracer, the site of injection, how to detect and harvest, how to detect metastases of SNs, and learning period. These issues have to be addressed further to establish the most suitable procedure. Novel technologies such as indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging and one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) may overcome the current difficulties. Once we know what the problems are and how to tackle them, we can pursue the goal.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.780-785
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• 2015

Dietary intake and bioavailability of phorotannins in abalone was investigated after feeding with the phlorotannin-rich brown seaweed Ecklonia stolonifera after 4 days starvation. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) affords isolation and quantification of the major phlorotannins of 7-phloroeckol and eckol, which were identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Abalone growth and feed consumption rates were similar when fed either with the E. stolonifera or the common feed seaweed Saccharina japonica for 20 days. Throughout the feeding period, 7-phloroeckolol was accumulated in the abalone flesh tissue up to an average of 0.58±0.13 mg/g dry weight after 6 days. Eckol was reached to 0.25±0.05 mg/g dry tissue after 6 days, and maintained the level until end of feeding period. By feeding S. japonica as a control, no phlorotannins were detected in the abalone tissues. Both of the abalone, fed with E. stolonifera or S. japonica, had enzymes that decomposed 7-phloroeckol and eckol in muscle tissues, with similar degradation rates of −0.05 or less and −0.05 mg/ml/hr, respectively. Phlorotannins were reduced by constitutive enzymes in abalone tissues. Therefore, value-added abalone containing bioactive phlorotannins can be produced by simply changing the feed to the phlorotannin-rich brown seaweed E. stolonifera 6 days before harvest.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

Many studies have shown that Letinus edodes has some effect on reducing blood pressure and lipid levels of animals with high pressure and hyperlipidemia. The cost of Letinus edodes varies depending on when it is harvested, and yet there has been no data collected on the bio-functional effects of Letinus edodes harvested at different times. This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effects of Letinus edodes harvested at different times on blood pressure and blood lipid levels of hypertensive rats. Three kinds of experimental diets - control (CO), early harvested Lentinus deodes (EL), and late harvested Lentinus edodes (LL) - were supplied to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) for eight weeks. The diet intake, body weight, organ weight, and serum lipid levels were subsequently measured. No significant difference was observed in diet intake and in the respective weights of the body, liver, and epididymal fat pad among experimental groups. The levels of systolic and disastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in the LE and LL groups than those in the CO group; and the concentration of serum total cholesterol was also lower in the LE and LL groups than in the CO group. These results confirm that Lentinus edodes reduces blood pressure levels and serum total cholesterol concentration in spontaneously hypertensive rats. But the effects of Lentinus edodes did not differ significantly based on whether the Lentinus edodes was harvested early or late.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2016

The present study investigated the suppression of the disease development of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum in harvested apples using an antagonistic rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa APEC128 (APEC128). Out of 30 bacterial isolates from apple rhizosphere screened for antagonistic activity, the most effective strain was APEC128 as inferred from the size of the inhibition zone. This strain showed a greater growth in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth compared to other growth media. There was a reduction in anthracnose symptoms caused by the two fungal pathogens in harvested apples after their treatment with APEC128 in comparison with non-treated control. This effect is explained by the increased production of protease and amylase by APEC128, which might have inhibited mycelial growth. In apples treated with different APEC128 suspensions, the disease caused by C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum was greatly suppressed (by 83.6% and 79%, respectively) in treatments with the concentration of $1{\times}10^8$ colony forming units (cfu)/ml compared to other lower dosages, suggesting that the suppression of anthracnose development on harvested apples is dose-dependent. These results indicated that APEC128 is one of the promising agents in the biocontrol of apple anthracnose, which might help to increase the shelf-life of apple fruit during the post-harvest period.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2005

There are various types of flap in head and neck reconstruction. We chose the appropriate flap considering the indication and patient's condition. In case of conventional flaps, its type is decided according to the reconstruction site. In other words, the types of considerable flaps are limited in a way. But, perforator flaps can reduce donor limitation and harvest flaps depending on the condition of the recipient. Therefore, the flap is very useful for the head and neck reconstruction needed for 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional reconstruction. We report the 29 cases of perforator-based flap including 8 cases of latissimus dorsi perforator free flap, 5 thoracodorsal perforator free flap, 4 anterolateral thigh perforator free flap, 3 peroneal osteocutaneous perforator free flap and 9 submental perforator island flap for the head and neck reconstruction. Free flaps include 2 cases of chimeric pattern, 7 controlled resurfacing pattern, 4 3-D pattern, 3 dermoadiposal pattern, 1 folded pattern and 3 osteocutaneous pattern. The flaps were successfully used for the head and neck reconstruction. But one patient died during a follow up period because of the recurrence of tumor. Various perforator flaps(island/free pattern) can be highly competitive to the conventional flaps in the head and neck reconstruction, considering a thin character for resurfacing, more flexible and versatile option, variable composition, long pedicle with donor structures saved, and less prominent donor morbidity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.13-13
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• 2017

By the progress of genome sequencing, infrastructures for marker-assisted breeding (MAB) of rice came to be established. Fine mapping and gene isolation have been conducted using the breeding materials derived from natural variations and artificial mutants. Such genetic analysis by the genome-wide dense markers provided us the knowledge about the many genes controlling important traits. We identified several genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) for heading date, blast resistance, eating quality, high-temperature stress tolerance, and so on. NILs of each gene controlling heading date contribute to elongate the rice harvest period. Determination of precise gene location of blast resistance gene pi21, allowed us to overcome linkage drag, co-introduction of undesirable eating quality. We could also breed the first practical rice cultivar in Japan with a brown planthopper resistance gene bph11 in the genetic back-ground of an elite cultivar. Discovery of major and minor QTLs for good eating quality allowed us to fine-tune of eating quality according to the rice planting area or usage of rice grain. Many rice cultivars have bred efficiently by MAB for several traits, or by marker-assisted backcross breeding through chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) using genetically diverse accessions. We are also systematically supporting the crop breeding of other sectors by MAB or by providing resources such as CSSLs. It is possible to pyramid many genes for important traits by using MAB, but is still difficult to improve the yielding ability. We are performing a Genomic Selection (GS) for improvement of rice biomass and grain yield. We are also trying to apply the genome editing technology for high yield rice breeding.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2019

Silkworm larval mortality specifically during spinning stage leading to non-spinning with specific morphological symptoms was frequently complained by sericulturists in Karnataka, India during 2015. Survey was conducted and information collected through questionnaire from the identified farmers who faced the problem of non-spinning in both traditional and non-traditional areas of Karnataka. Survey results indicate that the problem is specific to the silkworm crop of those farmers' who shifted from other crops of agriculture/ horticulture/olericulture/ floriculture to Sericulture. Silkworm rearing performance of the batches fed with these leaves confirmed that the pesticide sprayed to the crops previous to mulberry, remain in the soil and when mulberry plantation is taken up in these gardens, the pesticide is absorbed by the roots of mulberry plants and transported to the leaves. Silkworms that feed on these mulberry leaves, grow and ripen normally but during spinning stage, larvae die with external symptoms like regurgitation, body shrinkage, rectal protrusion later become hook shaped leading to non-spinning or partial metamorphosis into pupa and death or spin flimsy cocoons. Larval mortality ranged from a minimum of twenty five percent to a maximum of hundred percent. The problem was noticed from the first harvest of leaves and lasted for a maximum period of 36 months. Cocoon crop loss depends on the concentration, duration and type of pesticides used previously for other crops.