• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2020

영화 <기생충>은 한 가족의 삶을 부유한 가족에 기생하여 사는 기이한 삶의 방식으로 접근하고 있는 특이한 영화로 우리 사회의 빈부의 격차가 얼마나 큰지를 보여주는 암울하고 처절한 의미를 담고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 영화 <기생충>에 들어 있는 집과 가족의 의미와 사회적 함의가 무엇인지 짚어 보고자 한 것이다. 그 결과 영화 <기생충>에 들어 있는 세 가족(기택네 집, 박 사장집, 가정부의 공간)의 집은 확실한 계층을 의미하며 그 집에 살고 있는 가족의 위치나 계급을 상징적으로 나타내고 있다. 그리고 이들 3가족에게 나타난 가족의 의미는 기생하듯 살고 있는 하층 계급은 가족끼리 상호조력의 개념은 가지고 있으나 양심이나 도덕개념은 없다. 또한 이 영화 <기생충>에 들어 있는 사회적 함의를 짚어 보면 빈부의 격차에 따른 계층의 의미와 영화에서 상징하는 수석의 의미, 그리고 비극적 결말로 볼 수 있다. 우리는 이 영화의 결말을 통해 빈부의 격차가 극심한 사회적 불균형에서 오는 우리의 미래를 예견해 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to explain the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) gap between the poorest and the wealthiest quintiles in the capitals of Kermanshah and Kurdistan Provinces (Kermanshah and Sanandaj), in western Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 1772 adults. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status (SES), lifestyle factors, body mass index, and HRQoL of participants were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The slope and relative indices of inequality (SII and RII, respectively) were employed to examine socioeconomic inequality in poor HRQoL. Blinder-Oaxaca (BO) decomposition was used to quantify the contribution of explanatory variables to the gap in the prevalence of poor HRQoL between the wealthiest and the poorest groups. Results: The overall crude and age-adjusted prevalence of poor HRQoL among adults was 32.0 and 41.8%, respectively. The SII and RII indicated that poor HRQoL was mainly concentrated among individuals with lower SES. The absolute difference (%) in the prevalence of poor HRQoL between the highest and lowest SES groups was 28.4. The BO results indicated that 49.9% of the difference was explained by different distributions of age, smoking behavior, physical inactivity, chronic health conditions, and obesity between the highest and lowest SES groups, while the remaining half of the gap was explained by the response effect. Conclusions: We observed a pro-rich distribution of poor HRQoL among adults in the capitals of Kermanshah and Kurdistan Provinces. Policies and strategies aimed at preventing and reducing smoking, physical inactivity, chronic health conditions, and obesity among the poor may reduce the gap in poor HRQoL between the highest and lowest SES groups in Iran.

• 천문학회보
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.81.2-81.2
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• 2010

Based on Yonsei Evolutionary Population Synthesis (YEPS), we have investigated the effect of horizontal branch stars (HBs) on the age-dating of simple stellar populations (SSPs). A detailed comparison of YEPS SSP with H_beta of M31 globular clusters (GCs) reveals (1) that the age dating without HB prescription gives ~5 Gyr younger ages for metal-poor M31 GCs, and (2) the age dating with HB prescription does not need any age gap between metal-poor and metal-rich GCs. This result is parallel to the well-known discrepancy in ages derived from integrated Balmer strengths and isochrone fittings of Milky Way GCs (MWGCs). Without a synthetic blue HB model, we cannot explain strong Balmer indices of metal-poor and old MWGCs. Our results suggest that the SSP model with well calibrated HBs should be used for the age-dating of SSPs to avoid a serious underestimation of ages due to the strong Balmer indices.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.279-298
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• 1999

정보화가 진행되어감에 따라 정보격차는 더욱 크게 발생한다. 이 논문에서는 정보격차의 요인으로 경제적 빈부차, 정보의 상품화, 그리고 정보수단의 사유화, 정보폭증을 들고 있다. 이러한 요인에 의해 필연적으로 발생하는 정보부자와 빈자간의 정보격차의 해소를 위해서는 정책적인 노력이 있어야 하며 이러한 정보정책은 민주주의의 원칙에 의거하여 이루어져야 한다. 이 논문에서는 민주주의의 원칙에 따라 공정하고 공평한 정보에의 접근과 정보이용이 이루어질 수 있도록 정보의 공공영역이 확보되어야 하며, 이를 위해서 공공도서관과 공공교육, 공론의 장의 역할과 기능이 확대되어야 함을 주장한다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제73권
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• pp.91-110
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• 2017

Recently, world wide trading which support free trade will increase the economic volume size. It will grow the quality of life. But, the reduce of gap between the rich state and the poor one has always been risen the problem of one of welfare. Trough unregulated trade activities, multinational corporations succeeded in expanding the market globally. However, there were unfair acts such as infringement of serious rights of producer of low development countries. Fair trade has begun to pay fair value to them and to ease inequality, but, as time went by, the its idea became thinner, distorted in the market, or became a marketing tools. So, In this paper, I analyze the limitations and causes of fair trade and suggest directions for fair trade. This Study provided a causes of the limitation of fair trade and for the future, I'll suggest an alternative of limitation of fair trade.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2005년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.201-205
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• 2005

With rapid urbanization, various problems have been occurred in the city. The most serious one is dwelling. The gap of income between the rich and the poor resulted in deteriorating the pattern of the house consume. In case of developing a bad residential area, this area is changed into a new residential area, but the dweller, who lived in the bad area, may move into the outskirts of the city. This means that a bad residential area is sprawled and spreading. Therefore. the rescue plan of the existing dweller according to urban redevelopment were suggested in this study.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2022

Objectives: The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is increasing in developing countries. This study aimed to decompose the socioeconomic inequality of CVD in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 20 519 adults who enrolled in the Ardabil Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Principal component analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used, respectively, to estimate socioeconomic status and to describe the relationships between CVD prevalence and the explanatory variables. The relative concentration index, concentration curve, and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition model were used to measure and decompose the socioeconomic inequality. Results: The overall age-adjusted prevalence of CVD was 8.4% in northwest Iran. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older adults, overweight or obese adults, and people with hypertension and diabetes were more likely to have CVD. Moreover, people with low economic status were 38% more likely to have CVD than people with high economic status. The prevalence of CVD was mainly concentrated among the poor (concentration index, -0.077: 95% confidence interval, -0.103 to -0.060), and 78.66% of the gap between the poorest and richest groups was attributed to differences in the distribution of the explanatory variables included in the model. Conclusions: The most important factors affecting inequality in CVD were old age, chronic illness (hypertension and diabetes), marital status, and socioeconomic status. This study documented stark inequality in the prevalence of CVD, wherein the poor were more affected than the rich. Therefore, it is necessary to implement policies to monitor, screen, and control CVD in poor people living in northwest Iran.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.103-138
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• 2007

본고는 (1) 소득불평등도에 대한 개념 인식을 설문조사를 통해 외국의 경우와 비교분석하고 (2) 서로 다른 개념의 소득불평등 지수가 실증적으로 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 확인하고 (3) 그를 통하여 향후 소득분배 정책방향을 모색하기 위하여 작성되었다. 설문조사의 결과는 경제학에서 일반적으로 사용하고 있는 상대적 소득불평등도의 기본 가정에 대하여 응답자의 다수가 동의하고 있지 않다는 다소 놀라운 결과를 포함하고 있다. 이는 외국의 경우와 유사한 결과이나, 외국의 경우와 차이점은 한국인은 현 시점에서 상대적 소득불평등도의 증가보다는 절대적 소득불평등도, 즉 절대적 소득격차의 변화에 좀더 민감하게 반응한다는 것이다. 한편 양극화 지수는 지니계수와 이론적으로는 다른 기반을 가지고 있으나 한국에 있어 통계학적으로 다른 지수라 보기 어렵다는 점이 확인되었다. 소득불평등도의 변화는 그 변화의 양상이 절대적이냐 상대적이냐에 따라 성장과 빈곤의 변화에 서로 다른 영향을 미친다는 것이 그동안 학계에 축적된 연구 결과이기 때문에, 국가발전전략의 설정에 있어 소득분배정책의 방향은 빈곤 감소적 성장을 추구할 필요가 있다는 것이 본고가 제시하는 시사점이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

Globalization is an economic process responsible for the increase of interdependence of world economies. It enhances the mobility of national resources internationally via the integration of markets, trade and investments with minimal barriers to slow the flow of products and services. Although globalization has some positive impacts on the economy, it is said to be a factor in the decline of income inequality of the participating countries. However, the results of previous studies on the relationship between globalization and income inequality are inconclusive. This suggests that there are other factors influencing the relationship between the two variables. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of intelligence (IQ) in the globalization-income inequality relationship. This study employs the threshold regression technique and cross-nation observations from 117 sample nations for the period 1980-2016. The results show that the impact of globalization on income inequality in a nation relies on its IQ level. The results imply that economic globalization has a negative impact on income inequality in nations with lower IQ levels. It widens the gap between the poor and rich. While in nations with higher IQ levels, it seems to not have any significant impact on income distribution.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2022

International remittances play a crucial role in the economic management of each country, especially in developing countries. Its functions are diverse, including procurement of foreign currency, serving as a cushion for the balance of payments and foreign exchange reserves by reducing the adverse external shocks, driving economic growth, easing the gap between the rich and the poor, and maintaining macroeconomic stability. However, previous studies on remittances have mainly focused on macro-and micro-economic aspects to analyze the determinants. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the determinants of remittances in 122 countries over the past 25 years from macroeconomic and educational aspects as well as institutional qualities. In addition, given the fact that almost all of the world's top 10 recipient countries in terms of GDP and total remittance size are developing countries, developed and developing countries are separated and analyzed for comparison, assuming that there may be a difference between the two groups. Results show that the coefficients of developed and developing countries are different in four areas: Control of Corruption (CC), Rule of Law (RL), Voice and Accountability (VA), and Regulatory Quality (RQ) among the six institutional variables of interest in this study. These results implicate that even the same institutions and policies should be applied and implemented differently depending on the circumstances of each country. In addition, as suggested by the World Bank, policymakers in all countries should double their policy efforts to lower the costs of remittance and improve access to the financial system for immigrants or dispatched workers to ensure a steady inflow of remittances.