• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1996년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 공군사관학교, 청주; 26-27 Apr. 1996
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• pp.713-716
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• 1996

Managers are constantly facing problems. Some problems are treated with special connotation. Others are solved as a daily routine. While other problems disppear into the realm of oblivion without even recognized by managers. Some of the unrecognized or overlooked problems may cause a serious failure. It is also likely that there is a better solution approach even though we have been using a generally accepted method. Problem identification is a neglected area by researchers and managers, although they are facing problems everday. This paper provides a review of the theories pertained to problem definition and problem identification as the beginning stage of the problem solving process. Based on these theories, we provide an expert system which can assist managers for a better problem solving. Knowledge base for problem identification and recommaendation of tools for the problem solving is the key ingredient of the expert system.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.113-130
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• 2011

The laver has been cultivated long time ago by Korea and Japan. Korean Laver Industry has been influenced by Japan on the many factors since 20th. Nevertheless now the both country showed widening disparities across the aspect of total Laver Industry each other. The development steps of Korea and Japan Laver Industry have been advanced differently. That is, we can keep the Laver Industry development steps of both countries separate by 4 steps. But insignificant of every step against both countries has been dissimilar. We can separate from 4 steps in Korea, 1 step is origin period from beginning of laver cultivation to 1961. Next step is First Development period from 1962 to 1978. This period come out production increase from about 10,000 tons early 1960 to 50,000 tons late 1970. Next step is Second Development period from 1979 to 2000. This period come out eminent production increase from about 50,000 tons early 1980 to 200,000 tons late 1990. Next step is Stabilization period from 2001 to now. This period come out production control the size of its production and enlargement of Laver Export. We can also separate from 4 steps in Japan, 1 step is origin period from beginning of laver cultivation to 1944. Next step is Development period from 1945 to 1975. This period come out production increase from about 4 billion sheets early 1960 to 8.5 billion sheets 1975. Next step is Peak period from 1976 to 1982. This period come out sustainable production peak by 6~8 billion sheets and high price. Next step is Decline period from 1983 to now. This period come out production control the size of its production and sustainable price down. These differences showed out facing problems of Korean and Japanese Laver Industry differently. In case of Korea, the facing problems show out 3. First is structural problem, for example, trouble between original laver producer and the finished producer by dry laver products. Second is Insufficiency of Plants Protection System. Third is low quality of Laver. In case of Japan, the facing problems also show out 3. First is sustainable decrease of laver consumption. Second is change of mind against laver, for example, the change of the propensity to consume, and decrease of brand power. Third is Influence of global system. The difference of development steps of Korea and Japan Laver Industry show out 2 point of view to us. First we need consider positive strategy against laver production system of enlargement. Second, we need consider separate strategy against high quality laver and low quality laver.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2012

The core objective of this research article is to investigate different challenges and opportunities in management as well as start-ups of small businesses in India. The prudence behind this research is to examine various problems in front of the small businesses and to offer vital support and cooperation to overcome those with the support of concerned institutions through consultancy and training programs. The researchers have an intention to make available the research results to the governmental agencies, concerned small business institutions and also to the educational institutions which are continually design plans, programs, policies and strategies to upgrade the managerial and technical dexterities of the small business Indian operators. After thorough revision of relevant literature on small businesses and its management, the researchers used a well structured questionnaire and in-depth personal interviews with 586small business operators selected from manufacturing, trading (retailing and wholesaling), finance, servicing/repair businesses which are located in the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The researchers have used convenience sampling and collected data was analyzed with the support of Microsoft Excel and frequency distribution. Noticeably, majority of the small businessmen in India are facing myriad number of challenges both in management and at the time of establishment of their business operations. In particular, 72.47 percent of small businesses operators' have substantiated their strong opinion towards the challenges they are facing particularly finance, marketing and other problems while managing their businesses. The researchers also attempted to get the opinions on problems of the various categories of small businesses while starting their operations. A staggering 68percent of respondents identified the problems related to preparation of business plan, location selection, marketing and other problems like lack of proper credit facilities, skilled manpower, and other infra related problems while setting up of their businesses. On an average, 64.62 and 63.51 percent of small businesses are facing various kinds of problems both at the time of day-to-day management as well as start-up of their businesses respectively. The present research confined with the opinions of only four categories of small business operators particularly from the manufacturing, finance, trading (retailing and wholesaling), and servicing/repair which are continuing their business operations from the nine coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The present study emphatically provides concrete information required to the business community for identifying an assortment of challenges faced by different small business operators in managing and at the time of their inception. This research paper is first of its kind from this part of the world by offering extensive and credible information required for prospective entrepreneurs in facing the dynamic challenges in managing their business. Furthermore, this research presents invaluable inputs to the stakeholders like all types of governments, policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and educators' about the various impediments faced by the small business community in India.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1980

• 대한간호
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• 제20권1호통권109호
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• pp.18-21
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• 1981

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.6-9
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• 2003

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.5-32
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• 2008

이 글의 목적은 우리나라 도서관정보정책이 안고 있는 문제점을 거시적 관점에서 파악하고 향후 개선을 위해 심층적인 논의가 필요한 과제를 발굴하여 체계적으로 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위해, 정책의 근간이 되는 법과 제도, 정책기구, 행정조직, 전문인력, 재정, 그리고 발전계획과 관련하여 추이와 특징 그리고 문제점 등에 대해 살펴보고, 향후 지향해야 할 점에 대해 논의한다. 이 글에서의 논의는 관련 문헌에 대한 조사와 분석에 기초하고 있으며, 논의의 순서는 도서관정보정책에 대한 개념적 정의에서 시작하여, 2006년 이전까지의 도서관 정보정책의 추이와 특징 그리고 한계를 도서관정책과 정보정책의 영역으로 나누어서 살펴보고, 2006년 새로운 <도서관법> 이후의 도서관정보정책에서 나타나고 있는 변혁을 들여다보면서 향후 도서관과 정보문화의 건강한 발전을 위해 보다 심층적인 논의와 검토가 필요한 과제들을 제시하는 것으로 마무리하고 있다.

• 대한간호
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• 제6권2호통권28호
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• pp.52-54
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• 1967

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2022

Currently, the world is facing severe inflation due to Corona and the war in Ukraine, and it is causing a lot of difficulties for us. Companies are facing a lot of restrictions on their economic activities compared to the past due to supply chain problems and foreign exchange rates. In this situation, many countries have been implementing various smart factory promotion projects to secure competitiveness through productivity improvement in the manufacturing industry. In this study, the contents of smart factory promotion in major countries were reviewed, and problems raised about the implementation of smart factory in Korea, which are being implemented based on this, were described. It is most reasonable to judge the success of a smart factory by the achievement of the performance indicators presented at the time of the project. Therefore, based on the performance index of the business, which is a key factor in determining the success or failure of a smart factory, we investigated whether the company's smart factory promotion can be carried out successfully through examples

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.315-321
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• 2001

Since 1984, block-type reinforced earth wall with geogrid reinforcement has been widely used for retaining wall applications till now in Korea. The use of geogrid as a reinforcement in the reinforced earth wall is steadily increased in an amount over 1,500,000㎡ in a year However, still need exists that some problems in design and construction practices should be made to review, Therefore, this paper reviewed reasonable criteria for selection of backfills, design details considering the effect of the upper soil slope on reinforced earth wall, horizontal displacement of facing block during compaction, and the damage of geogrid reinforcements on the edge part of facing block. Finally, alternative methods of measures on those problems are proposed.