• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.503-514
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• 2015

The effects of Flavonol contents from Ginkgo biloba leaf on anti-atopy activity have not rarely been verified. This study is to investigate the effects of flavonol on Th2 cytokine production in MC/9 mast cells. For this, flavonol was analyzed by ELISA and Real-time PCR. Analysis results showed that flavonol significantly suppressed production of Th2 cytokines(IL-13, MIP-1a) in a dose dependent manner. The mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-a were effectively restrained by Flavonol at the concentration 25,50,$100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. And decrease of expression of NFAT-1, c-jun protein was confirmed by western blot analysis. These results indicate that flavonol has effects of decreasing the Th2 cytokine production in the MC/9 mast cell causing inhibition of transcription factors such as NFAT-1, c-jun. Thus, we would like to brief that flavonol may have the applicability as therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2015

We evaluated the antioxidant activity and anti-wrinkle effects of Aceriphyllum rossii leaf ethanol extract (ARLEE) in vitro using human dermal fibroblasts. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of ARLEE were 578.6 and 206.3 mg/g, respectively. At a concentration of $250{\mu}g/mL$, the electron-donating ability of ARLEE was 87.1%. In comparison with the vehicle, ARLEE treatment at $100{\mu}g/mL$ significantly increased type I procollagen synthesis (p < 0.01) by 50.7%. In vitro ARLEE treatment (10 mg/mL) inhibited collagenase and elastase activity by 97.1% and 99.2%, respectively. Compared with the control, ascorbic acid treatment at $100{\mu}g/mL$ significantly decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 protein expression (p < 0.01) by 37.0%. ARLEE treatment at $50{\mu}g/mL$ significantly decreased MMP-1 protein expression (p < 0.01) by 46.1%. Ascorbic acid and ARLEE treatments at $100{\mu}g/mL$ significantly decreased MMP-1 mRNA expression (p < 0.01) by 26.1% and 36.1%, respectively. From these results, we conclude that ARLEE has excellent antioxidant activity and even better anti-wrinkle effects than ascorbic acid in human dermal fibroblasts. These results suggest that ARLEE could be used in functional cosmetics for the prevention or alleviation of skin wrinkles induced by ultraviolet rays.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.151-158
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to find out the kinematical characteristics of arm's basic position in ballet. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, 3D cinematographic analysis was conducted with a ballerina who might performed the perfect arm's basic position. According to the results of this study, it was appeared that the shoulder kept about 78%-82%, the elbow kept about 62%-96%, the wrist kept 52%-109%, and finger kept 48%-110% with the height. Also, movement was formed with $21^{\circ}-77^{\circ}$ of the upper arm angle, $106^{\circ}-164^{\circ}$ of the elbow, $125^{\circ}-140^{\circ}$ of the wrist, and $83^{\circ}-160^{\circ}$ of the shoulder. The left-right ratio of the total arm angle was 98% in the first, second, and third position, and 100% in the forth position. The angle of arm gradient was remained $-68^{\circ}$ in the first position, $-27^{\circ}$ in the second position, $73^{\circ}$ in the third position, and $-11^{\circ}$ in the forth position. Based on the results mentioned above, balance and symmetry of both arms was an important factor in those four positions. Although it is impossible to maintain the position like robot, it may be a good performance if a certain level of extent was remained With respect to this point of view, it may be a good position if the difference between right and left arm in each joint can be remained within 2%. Angle also was an important factor that if the difference in total angle can be remained within 2% it may be an excellent position, there was difference of right and left based on the joint though. Therefore, practice and instruction to make a perfect symmetry as much as possible were needed Also, it would be a good movement if position and angle of joint within 2% difference of right and left arm can be remained In turn, because ballet is movement with expression of the body, beauty of the body and balance of the movement have to be harmonized for beautiful performance. Therefore, it would be a meaningful future study considering the body condition and movement of ballerina to define the beauty.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2007

As the world has been forming the global village and the cultures of each country are exchanged, the unique cultural specialty of each country high been merged with the generality in the world. The increasing interest on the oriental world and the globalization recently brings the fusion form of oriental and occidental cultures. In such a global trend, it is our challenge to find out the traditional beauty and the design factors of Korea for the new challenge and development of Korean fashion and to develop the most Korean and global design by interpreting them in a modem sense. It is the Era of the Three States when an of official hat among the personal ornaments of Korea was firstly described on the literature, including the literature of ancient China and Chronicles of Three States and Heritage of Three States of Korea. Those literatures clarified that the people in Goguryeo Baekje, Silla and Gaya decorated themselves with gold, silver and jade. Furthermore, since various kinds of ornaments have been excavated, they shown the development of metal craft in the Era of Three States. This study aim to exploit the design motives among the gold crown elements among the ornaments during the Era of Three States, interpret them in a modem expression, develop the textile design using the Adobe photoshop and suggest the application approaches by applying them to the clothing design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.99-113
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• 2010

The corpse make-up depending on the cause of death shown in CSI is the only evidence to solve a case, and shows the characteristics of the unique make-up on the corpse, according to the causes of death. There are many types of death causes such as strangulation, manslaughter, assassination and shooting, of which the strangulation is caused by strangling the neck with the hands or using a weapon and has characteristics of showing other external wounds with purple spots appearing on the body after death. This is a presentation of the corpse with a face of white, and the purple spots bruised on the neck. Manslaughter shows deep wounds caused by a stab or laceration using a weapon, and the material feeling of the wound that makes new skin tissue, is realistically presented with make-up of gooey blood. Assassination can be thought as manslaughter in disguise as an accidental death, which the causes can be due to electrocution, suffocation from oxygen deficiency and from excessive monoxide. The make-up is presented by realistically showing the surrounding fragments of the bullet shell, the blood running down, the size of the hole in the body made from the bullet, and shows the broken skin tissues. The shape of the bullet wound can be presented differently based on the body part where the bullet penetrated into, and the part where the bullet shot out through.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2003

This study as one of a series of systematic studies about dancing costumes will compare the costumes of the middle age with their normal style of dress. In brief, this study wants people to know about middle a9e dancing costumes and understand the culture in the middle ages. It was found that people's everyday clothes in the middle age such as Surcot. Surcot-ouvert, Pourpoint, Houppelande were used as dancing costumes. They were, however. changed from the public's clothes which were tight and long. Rather than wearing costume over others. dancers wore costumes which had slits on skirt or sleeves to increase motion. With the Wild Man of the Wood's which only nobles used for their dancing costumes. costumers highlighted the beauty of human body There were various costume materials used in the middle ages like silk. cotton fabrics, linen or brocade. These materials were used for Surcot and Pourpoint as dancing costumes. The naturalness of nature or geometric patterns also was expressed on the costumes. Further about those patterns, because the development of stained glass, vivid colors were used especially red, light green, blue etc. As for the hair styles used, dancers let their hair down and put a jeweled crown over their hair. In summation. dancers wore the same clothes that normal People did, but the costumes were different depending on social status and gender. The costumes of ordinary people's were based upon ordinary clothes that moved and emphasized the dynamic motion. On the other side, the court dancers' costumes were very fancy. symbolizing a measurement of nobles' from wealth and authority. as well as an expression of a sense of beauty, The main features of middle ages follows. : To emphasize vitality, there were long slits on the side of skirt. Hair decorations and jewels are more used than in the ancient age's. To hide a dancer's social status. they could use a mask. Wild Man of the Wood's was used for the body makeup. All these features of the dancing costumes must contribute to the progress of the dance in the middle age's.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.70-83
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• 2004

The female image has been changed incessantly with age and has been eminently represented in cosmetic advertisement. The female images are changed from the classical images to the active and professional images with the historical current of cyber, digital, and fusion. These changes in the expression of female image are largely due to the spread of post-modernism, feminism, de-construction (Kim, 1994), digital information revolution, and increase of income. The female images in cosmetic advertisement have been expressed very variously with fashion, marketing target, and characteristics of articles. (Im, 1997) The cosmetic advertisements of pure and graceful images were popular in the past. But nowadays individual image, womanly image, and unchanged beautiful image are in vogue. Individual image is very popular in young generation with very short fashion period. Active career woman image represents passion and beauty with extension of women' social roles. Unchanged beautiful image in modern industrial pollution stands for the desire of keeping the beauty in youth. Brand is very important factor to consumers in purchasing. Brand is no larger the simple concept in the past, and accepted as reflection of the image, social status, service, and life-style(Lee, 1998) consumers are very favorable to foreign cosmetics with the increase of overseas travels and import. This phenomenon is considered as very natural, especially in young generation. To create a successful brand image, the harmony of quality, psychological preference, advertisement, and reasonable price are required. According to the questionnaire research implemented by the subject of college women students in five universities in Seoul, the majority of college women students purchase domestic cosmetic brands in cosmetic specialty stores and depend on the tips of acquaintances. Quality, skin-trouble, and brand are considered as special regards for purchasing. Especially, internet shopping in purchasing marks high growth rate and preference for foreign cosmetics is very ardent. It can be expected that the 21st century is the epoch of various small production different from the mass-production in the 20th century. Female image will be probably expressed with individual, emotional, and professional image in the media of digital, fusion, cyber, and technology culture. It can be said that the tendency of cosmetic purchasing in the future will be more focused on brand image and life style.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-24
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• 2001

All human being can't exist by oneself. That is, all human being depend on intimate attachment for their survival. Physical and psychological powers and control functions are prerequisites for one's survival and these serve important functions in interpersonal relationships. There are two kinds of powers and controls. One is positive power which helps one survive effectively. Another one is negative power which disturbs one's effective survival. Introspection is one of the positive power and most important process in understanding oneself and others. Thus, the purpose of this study is to elucidate the physical and psychological meaning of the characteristics of water and based on this meaning, to suggest one way of introspection. The authors reviewed the precept of water which is described in Bible and oriental classical books such as 'the Analects of Confuicus(論語)', 'Tao Te Ching(道德經)', 'Mencius(맹자)', 'Chronicle(史記)', 'The Doctrine of the Mean(中庸)', 'University(大學)'. The author also reviewed 'The History of Three Countries(삼국사기, 삼국유사)', 'The Precept of Religion', and 'the modern poems' which includes the symbolic meaning of water. The results are summarized as follows：1) The flow of water itself is the expression of introspection. Because, water does not flow without filling a puddle. 2) Water is the symbol of 'Immortality'. 3) Water symbolizes 'Modesty and Trust'. 4) Water is the symbol of 'Freedom from Greed'. 5) Water symbolizes 'Goodness and Beauty'. 6) Water symbolizes 'Naturality and Love'. Immortality, Modesty and Trust, Freedom from Greed, Goodness and Beauty, and Naturality and Love are eternal, universal values which all human should seek and achieve. By the process of introspection through the symbolic meaning of water, we can achieve these positive aspects of human mind and spirit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.102-119
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop various designs through renewing and changing perception of accessories by examining various and arbitrary Kitsch. For the method of this study, literature review was mainly used for research of formative characteristics in Kitsch fashion. 798 pieces of work from fashion magazines and website with a focus on Milan, Paris, London and New York collections, in the decade of 2000-2010 were collected. The results of this study are as follows. First, the characteristic of exaggeration is classified into two types: the visual exaggeration, which is characterized by psychological expression through excessive images and (2) the collecting exaggeration, which is not simple but a want of large quantities. Second, the characteristic of satire is classified into two types: (1) the imitation-satire, which satirizes messages to societies with creative humor by using easily consumed materials and (2) the resistance-satire, which is destructive and offensive against isolation and desolation of a capitalistic society. Third, the characteristic of amusement is classified into two types: (1) the playful-amusement, which raises a laugh slyly by using clever materials and (2) the childish-amusement, which involves childish imagination and humor-sense because of desire to be a child. Fourth, the characteristic of nostalgia is classified into two types: (1) the romantic character expressing a departure from modern society, which is desolate because of the urbanization process, and (2) the intermediate character recreating an esthetic category by interacting with different and relative elements. Fifth, the characteristic of inappropriateness is expressed through a deliberate mistake, and it denies existing senses of beauty by overturning common sense and creating new senses of beauty, expressions in distortion and modification of stereotype.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.86-100
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• 2011

The traditional feminity has gradually been diversified in the 21th century due to a change in the society. This diversification of women's images and styles is derived from the addition of masculinity to feminity. C. G. Jung insist that human being is bisexual in nature. Animus is the male aspect in the women's collective unconscious and it is the archetype through which we generally communicate with the collective unconscious. It is also important to get into touch with the collective unconscious for self-realization. This study analyzes subconscious desires based on the Animus archetype in the collective unconscious of women through the diversity of the gender identity shown in cosmetic advertisements. Therefore this study aims to suggest a marketing strategy for the women's beauty industry in the future. For this purpose, this study conducts an empirical analysis of women's make-up and hair style in cosmetic advertisements through the Jungian Animus theory. The conclusion of this study is as follows: First, gender identity represented in cosmetic advertisements was classified into Mother/Wife, Hetaira, Mediale and Amazon. Second, the Animus archetype stimulates masculinity in women's make-up and hair style. Third, range of utilization of cosmetic products is articulated with the diverse gender identity. This masculinization of women's beauty style is the external expression of collective unconscious and affords human being to reach self-realization.