• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제11C권6호
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• pp.773-780
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 대표적인 스트림형 트래픽인 DV와 MPEG2를 초고속 네트워크 상에서 전송하고 이들 스트림에 대한 최종 사용자의 주관적 평가를 수행하였다. 두 가지 스트림형 데이터에 대해 화질 측정은 ITU-R BT.500-1을 기반으로 하여 측정하였고, 음질 측정은 ITU-R BS.1116-1을 기반으로 측정하였다. 또한 최종 사용자의 주관적 평가를 얻기 위한 실험 방법으로는 DSCQS 5단계 평가 방법을 채택하였다. 유사한 조건하에서 MPEG2 스트림의 경우, 네트워크 트래픽 파라미터가 급증하는 $54\%$의 부하율에서 화질과 음질의 평가 등급이 급격히 하강한다. DV의 경우 화질은 MPEG2와 마찬가지로 $54\%$의 부하율에서 평가 등급이 하락하지만 그 변화의 정도가 MPEG2에 비해 완만하며 점진적인 것을 확인할 수 있다. 반면 DV 음질의 경우는 부하율 $70\%$까지 사용자의 주관적 평가 등급이 우수하여 사용자의 주관적 평가를 고려한 트래픽 제어 및 QoS 제어가 요구된다. 결론적으로 MPEG2의 경우는 네트워크 상의 실측값과 최종 사용자의 주관적 평가가 거의 동일하므로, 네트워크 실측값만으로 트래픽 제어가 가능하고, DV의 경우는 네트워크 상의 실측값과 최종 사용자의 주관적 평가 등급을 동시에 고려한 트래픽 제어가 가능하다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.65-85
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• 2023

본 연구는 최고경영진의 인지적 특성이 R&D투자에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석한다. 주의기반관점(attention-based view)에 기반하여 최고경영진의 미래지향성과 위험감수성이 R&D투자 수준을 높일 수 있음을 제시한다. R&D활동은 장기적으로 독점적인 지식을 생성하는 것을 목표로 삼고 있기에 기업의 미래성장가능성 및 경쟁우위를 이해하기위해 최고 경영진의 미래지향성과 위험감수성이 R&D투자에 미치는 영향을 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 추가적으로 최고경영진의 영향력을 조절하는 요인으로 CEO 관련 특성을 제시한다. CEO는 최고경영진의 리더역할을 하고 있기 때문에 만약 CEO의 의사결정권한이 높은 수준으로 집중되는 경우 최고경영진 자체의 특성이 R&D에 미치는 영향이 감소할 수 있다. CEO 특성 중 CEO 이사회의장 겸직 여부 및 CEO 소유지분을 통해 CEO의 높은 영향력을 측정하였다. 1994년부터 2015년까지 미국 제조업체 837개의 샘플을 기반으로, 최고경영진의 미래지향성 및 위험감수성이 높을수록 R&D집중도가 증가함이 나타났다. 그러나 CEO가 이사회의 의장도 겸임하며 높은 지분을 보유할 때, 최고경영진의 R&D집중도에 대한 영향력이 감소하였다. 이는 최고경영진과 CEO 사이에 상호작용이 있으며, CEO의 영향력이 커지고 의사결정권한이 높은 상태 및 구조에 따라 변화할 수 있음을 제시한다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 실증 연구 결과는 최고경영진의 주의와 CEO의 영향력 정도가 장기적인 관점에서의 지식 활용 및 개발을 촉진시키는 데 중요한 요소임을 시사한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권6A호
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• pp.405-419
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 다중 릴레이와 다중 사용자가 존재하고, 모든 노드에 다중 안테나가 탑재된 시스템에서 기지국, 릴레이 전처리기 공동 설계 기법을 제안한다. 설계 기준은 릴레이가 각자의 지역 채널 정보만 취할 수 있고, 전체 릴레이 합 전력 제약 환경일 때, 사용자 평균 자승 오류의 합(sum mean square error, SMSE)을 최소화하는 것이다. 한 릴레이의 지역 채널 정보는, 시스템의 모든 첫 번째 홉 및 두 번째 홉 채널 중에서, 그 릴레이 자신이 접속된 채널의 정보로 정의된다. 블록 대각화 전처리기가 연결된 기지국 전처리기 구조를 사용하면, 각 릴레이가 지역 채널 정보만을 활용하여 자신의 전처리기 구조를 결정할 수 있다. 제안 하는 기법은 SMSE 쌍대성을 사용하여 기지국 전처리기와 릴레이 전처리기를 결정하는 1단계 및 사용자 수신 필터를 결정하는 2단계의 순차적 반복을 기반으로 한다. 제안한 기법은 반드시 수렴하며, 이론적으로 이를 검증할 수 있다. 제안하는 기법이 Simple amplify-and-forward(SAF), MMSE 릴레이 및 [1]에서 제안한 방식에 비해서 SMSE 성능, 합 전송률 성능 모두 우월한 것을 확인한다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.721-730
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the tech fatale fashion image in female models of mobile advertisements and to find the fashion characteristics. The tech fatale emerging as new culture code is a compound word of the femme fatale and technology. It is characteristics of the femme fatale, the post digital culture and the female leadership. The findings of the study were as follows : The tech fatale types were the independence, the transformation and the tradition. The independence was a self expression, appealed to visual image, was showed the coating fabric, denim, space look and street fashion and reflected the creativeness and digital generation. The transformation appealed to sexuality and was showed luster fabric, exposure, body-conscious, glam look. The voluptuous beauty represented the pride of the post digital generation. The tradition appealed to emotion and was showed pale color, simple line, soft texture fabric and a feminine Image. The meanings of tech fatale were the imagination, the public, the duality, the game, the purity and the recurrence. The formative characteristics reflect the mind of post digital generation who is against authority and pursues the human being worth such as the identity establishment and the pure emotion.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.20-39
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• 2020

This paper considers a downlink multi-carrier cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmission, where no direct link exists between the far user and the base station (BS), and the communication between them only relies on the assist of the near user. Firstly, the BS sends a superimposed signal of the far and the near user to the near user, and then the near user adopts simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) to split the received superimposed signal into two portions for energy harvesting and information decoding respectively. Afterwards, the near user forwards the signal of the far user by utilizing the harvested energy. A minimum data is required to ensure the quality of service (QoS) of the far user. We jointly optimize power allocation, subcarrier allocation, time allocation, the power allocation (PA) coefficient and the power splitting (PS) ratio to maximize the number of data bits received at the near user under the energy causality constraint, the minimum data constraint and the transmission power constraint. The block-coordinate descent method and the Lagrange duality method are used to obtain a suboptimal solution of this optimization problem. In the final simulation results, the superiority of the proposed NOMA scheme is confirmed compared with the benchmark NOMA schemes and the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme.

• 복식
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• 제46권
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• pp.49-66
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• 1999

The bisexuality deconstructivity and diversity that are great characteristics on the comtemporary fashion are showed in the fashion collections. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyze the influence of these characteristics made by the post modern-feminism fashion through the cultural pattern analysis. The post modern-feminism was analyzed by dividing the cultural pattern into 1) the deconstructivity of androcentrism -This characteristic was presented in the costume design that breaks the basic from of the line color and quality of the material showing in men's clothes. 2) By rejecting main current fashion -Subculture style appeared in main current fashion the boundary of main and anti-main current fashion was vagued and the phenomena that the identity of subgroup was weakened were showed. 3) In the coexistence of double-sided value -This characteristic was presented in the cross-dressing fashion that cut away women's slender part and men's rough part. 4) In the open-minded thought of gender -This tendency was reached an extreme from excessive exposure to design which gives the sexual stimulus. This paper is expected to be helpful to understand the contemporary fashion by treating the cultural category associated with post-modern feminism in relation to contemporary fashion and to establish the direction of 21 century fashion.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to elucidate the meaning of "less is more" by examining the design process of the Farnsworth House and its spatial composition. In order to find out what constitutes "less" and "more", Mies' sketches and drawings were reviewed, and the vision of the architect and the owner, and the responses from the critics were studied. As a matter of fact, these seemingly contradictory concepts the "less" and the "more" are relative terms that complement each other. The concept of "less" describes an enclosure of space, fixed, inflexible and invariable space that leaves no room for change. On the other hand, the term "more" represents an openness of space, free, flexible, and variable space. Mies tried to minimize "less" element when designing the interior of the Farnsworth House, and he did so by eliminating columns and walls. On the contrary, by using only fixed core, he created a "more" space, where the effects of flexible and open qualities are maximized. However, duality and contradiction rising from glass external wall and portico in the Farnsworth House raise a critical issue in this "less is more" discourse. The role of these parts of the house is rather contradictory, and the glass wall and the portico hold both "less" and "more" elements. Unlike its relatively simple composition of space, the Farnsworth House encompasses many complex and contradictory ideas that leave room for wide scope of exploration and various interpretations.

• 영미문화
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.127-157
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• 2014

Among many literary isms, impressionism is often regarded as the most frank expression of personality. As a masterpiece of modernism, Ford Madox Ford's The Good Soldier is a celebration of the subjectivity which reflects the writer's experiential reality. For Madox Ford, art is not to achieve the true objectivity of human society, but to seize the momentary perception in personal life. As the beginning of modernism, Madox Ford's impressionaism was mostly devoted to give fictive life to subjective impressions. And his heroes are usually the egoless person who can absorb the intense rapidity of consciousness without any prejudice. However, the innocent mind's receptions of myriad impressions, like those of the protagonist John Dowell or his idealized version of Major Ashburnham in The Good Solidier, were described as the enjoyable yet deceptive ones in Madox Ford's works. To engrave more sold perceptive impressions into life, Madox Ford often contrasts or mixes truth with deception, life with death as he did in his real life. Speicially as the result of thick application of real-life subject matters to his writings, Madox Ford's literary works get more vivid colors and penetrating forms. Thus, his literary impressionism based upon his harsh and passionate realities overcomes the limitations of shifting moments of senses, demolishing the boundaries between what is objective and what is subjective, like post-impressionism or expressionism. Namely, as Walter Lowenfels said, Madox Ford did not follow the impossible objectivity passively, yet instead "knew how to invent the truth."

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2022

Purpose - We examine empirically the relationship between the board of directors and the corporate performance using board characteristics related variables. Design/methodology/approach - We empirically test the hypotheses using fixed effects models (FEM), using data of 3,703 listed non-financial companies in China from 2010 to 2019. Findings - First, the ownership of board of directors is positively related to ROA. Second, the size of the board of directors is positively related to ROA. Third, there is no evidence that interaction between characteristic variables related to the board of directors affect the corporate performance. Research implications or Originality - These results show that as the board of directors has larger ownership, the degree of identity of interest between stock holders and the board becomes bigger to reduce agency cost, then it lets the board make decisions to improve the corporate performance. In addition, as the board of directors becomes bigger, the board has strong independence to play the role of monitoring and advising, then it leads to improvement of corporate performance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.861-872
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• 2021

This study examines the relationship between board characteristics and capital structure. Data was collected from the annual reports of listed companies in the Stock Exchange of Thailand, from 2015 to 2017, which totaled 1,264 firm-year observations. The study uses multiple regression analysis to analyses the data by using independent variables, including board size, outside directors, managerial ownership, CEO duality, frequency of board meetings, board experience, and gender to measure board characteristics and the total debt ratio for capital structure. Research findings show that the more independent the directors are, the lower the cost of debt financing is, as they control the management team more strictly about debt financing than directors with less independence do. Additionally, the results reveal that the higher the percentage of managerial ownership, the higher the level of leverage and debt financing, whereas board size and board meetings have a negative relationship to capital structure. Further research showed that firm size, growth opportunities and corporate governance rating all had a positive significant impact on capital structure. The findings of this study suggest that the presence of proper corporate governance leads to better funding mechanisms as it ensures that the company is in a better position to obtain external funding.