• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.47-74
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• 1978

This paper reviews the zero-base budgeting whose concept was developed in the late 1960's, and applied to the actual budgeting situations in the early 1970's. Since then, it has been expanded to become one of major tools in corporate planning and control system. The primary purpose of this review is to clarify the followings: 1) concept of zero-base budgeting and its history, 2) relationships among zero-base budgeting, planning and program evaluation, 3) comparison of zero-base budgeting with other budgeting techniques, and 4) implementation procedure. Some discussions are also provided with respect to the practical implications of zero-base budgeting, its advantages and disadvantages, and others. Finally, the possibility of actual application in a local setting is investigated.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

Zero Emission Building is abuilding which emits virtually '0(zero)' carbon dioxide. Although simple in concept, ZEB requires totally different approach from conventional building in terms of design, engineering, construction and operation. There are few research on ZEB design process as ZEB design requires understanding and knowledge regarding energy and technology. The study aims to propose a design process of Zero Emission Building for architects. The study examined the concept of Zero Emission Building through intensive literature search. The examples of Zero Emission Buildings were investigated, and strategies and technologies applied to the buildings were analyzed. Various conventional design processes were identified and analyzed to examine the applicability to ZEB design, Finally, a new design process which effectively accommodate the requirement of Zero Emission Building was proposed.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2001

There are two uses of zero which are both important but are different. One use of zero is as a number itself. The number zero is an abstract concept measuring the size of set with no elements in it. The second use of it is as an empty place indicator in our place-value number system. It is the notation. In this paper, we study a history of zero and the mistakes from a few earlier works in connection with some arithmetical operations involving the number zero.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.571-584
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• 2012

In this study, we investigate the concept of zero-divisor graphs of multiplication modules over commutative rings as a natural generalization of zero-divisor graphs of commutative rings. In particular, we study the zero-divisor graphs of the module $\mathbb{Z}_n$ over the ring $\mathbb{Z}$ of integers, where $n$ is a positive integer greater than 1.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.14-32
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• 1984

The concepts of zero, minus, infinite, ideal point, etc. are not real existence, but are pure mathematical objects. These entities become mathematical objects through the process of a philosophical filtering. In this paper, the writer explores the relation between natural conditions of different cultures and philosophies, with its reference to fundamental philosophies and traditional mathematical patterns in major cultural zones. The main items treated in this paper are as follows: 1. Greek ontology and Euclidean geometry. 2. Chinese agnosticism and the concept of minus in the equations. 3. Transcendence in Hebrews and the concept of infinite in modern analysis. 4. The empty and zero in India.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.1237-1246
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• 2022

In this paper, we introduce the concept of N-pure ideal as a generalization of pure ideal. Using this concept, a new and interesting type of rings is presented, we call it a mid ring. Also, we provide new characterizations for von Neumann regular and zero-dimensional rings. Moreover, some results about mp-ring are given. Finally, a characterization for mid rings is provided. Then it is shown that the class of mid rings is strictly between the class of reduced mp-rings (p.f. rings) and the class of mp-rings.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.513-528
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of zero-waste design and to apply Sophia Vyzoviti's folding techniques to develop a zero-waste fashion design method that contributes to sustainable fashion design. In this study, we explore the method and characteristics of zero-waste fashion design based on the concept of folding described in Sophia Vyzoviti's book on folding techniques. Using the autonomy of Sophia Vyzoviti's folding technique, four changeable folding fashion designs were developed and produced, demonstrating zero-waste fashion design. The results were as follows. First, the development of fashion designs using Sophia Vyzoviti's folding techniques enabled the development and production of free and creative zero-waste fashion designs that were three-dimensional, continuous, fluid, and full of potential. Second, the production of zero-waste patterns was further developed into a transformable fashion design that can be used with geometric patterns. These folding techniques produced a fashion design method that could transform one piece of clothing, demonstration the potential for maintenance of creativity using a zero-waste design based on these folding techniques. Third, the double-faced fabric, Neoprene, was chosen as an appropriate material as it emphasizes the depth of folding with application of two colors and its cotton/polyester blend that is suitable for folding.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.59-76
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• 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about environmental severity and new social, economic, and cultural changes. Conscious fashion, which is oriented to sustainable and valuable consumption, has become a trend to consume products produced using eco-friendly and ethical processes, from the selection of the product materials to the manufacturing process. The purpose of this study is to identify the concepts and characteristics of conscious fashion and zero waste, and to explore design trends of zero wastein the new normal era of conscious fashion through the analysis of various cases. The research method is a literature review on conscious fashion based on relevant professional and academic books and articles, designer collections, and campaigns from 2010 to the present, when conscious fashion as eco-friendliness and sustainable fashion became a trend. The concept and characteristics of conscious fashion were examined them in terms of environmental, ethical, social, and cultural aspects and the concept and characteristics of zero waste through previous studies and case analysis. Through this, the trends of zero-waste design in conscious fashion were categorized into: first, an eco-friendly design orientation that utilizes reuse and reduce methods of clothing and fabric; second, a variable design orientation that practices zero waste designs by using diversity of patterns through deconstruction, disassembly, and various cutting methods. Third, long-term circulation of design through the recycling of resources by second-hand trade, the utilization of stock clothing, resale, and availability of eco-friendly materials through the development of new technologies. As an active practice for the sustainable fashion industry expands, it is expected that continuous research will be conducted as a future core value to realize the possibility of long-term circular zero-waste design through social responsibility and conscious recycling, reuse, and reproduction.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2023

코로나19로 재택근무가 일상이 되면서 비대면 환경에서 안전한 보안인 제로 트러스트 개념이 주목받고 있다. 미국 바이든 대통령은 2021년 5월 국가 사이버보안 개선에 대한 행정명령에서 제로 트러스트 도입을 강조하였으며, 제로 트러스트는 글로벌 트렌드로 자리잡고 있다. 그러나 현재 우리나라에서 제로 트러스트와 같은 신기술 도입·활용에 가장 어려움이 있는 부분은 클라우드 및 망 분리의 과도한 규제로, 이에 대하여 전자금융거래법상 클라우드 및 망 분리 규제 개선이 2023년 시행을 앞두고 있으나 전통적 경계 보안 모델에 기반을 두며, 비대면 환경으로 인한 새로운 정보보호 통제를 모두 반영하지 못하는 한계점을 가지고 있다. 특히, 정부의 망 분리 완화 정책이 실효성이 있는 정책이 되기 위해서는 제로 트러스트 명문화가 필수적이라고 판단된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전자금융거래법상 제로 트러스트 개념을 반영하는 법적 개선을 연구하고자 한다.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2004

In this paper, the dynamic stability of a hydraulic excavator using ZMP concept is considered. When a load is moved in an excavator based on automation, an excavator often loses the stability and falls over. This is because a dynamic element is not included in the moment equilibrium equation that is used in order to judge a reversal. Consequently, reversal distinction algorithm including all a static and a dynamic element along a load movement in crane work is necessary. Zero Moment Point(ZMP) is a point on the floor where the resultant moment of the gravity, the inertial force of the manipulator and the external force is zero. This study is going to interpret the reversal stability of the excavator to which is applied ZMP concept through simulation.