• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.272-279
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• 2013

The fermented puer tea leaves were high concentrated extracted with 50% ethanolic solution in this study. Also, evaluating the anti-oxidative activity and anti-aging effect of this extract, we expected to apply the cosmetic industry. The yield of fermented puer tea extract was 17.9%. The total polyphenol content was 37.5%, tannin content was 7.5%, polysaccharide was 17.9%, unknown compound was 22%, and water content was 8%. Anti-oxidative activity (in-vitro) of fermented puer tea extract by DPPH method was $33.7{\pm}1.8%$ in 30mg/mL, $39.4{\pm}2.2%$ in 50mg/mL respectively. Therefore, we could know that anti-oxidative activity of fermented puer tea extract was effect higher than tocopheryl acetate and greentea extract. The collagen synthesis activity (in-vitro) of fermented puer tea extract was increased with $102.9{\pm}9.9%$ in 1 mg/mL, $111.5{\pm}9.9%$ in 5 mg/mL, $122.7{\pm}12.2%$ in 10 mg/mL, $131.5{\pm}13.7%$ in 30 mg/mL (*p-value£0.05, n=3). Skin moisturizing activity of fermented puer tea extract after application 8 hours was increased 38.5% higher than control samples both tocopheryl acetate and greentea extract. Total moisturizing effect was increased about 32.7% compared to before treatment. Fermented puer tea extract of this study can be applied to the skin care cosmetics industry.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2017

Objectives: To analyze whether a concept similar to Korean 'Hwabyung' exists in China. We investigated the status of clinical studies conducted in China for relevant diseases and trends of the traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) treatment adopted in clinical studies. Methods: To explore the concept of a condition similar to Korean Hwabyung in China, we searched for the existence of concept and pattern that were parallel or similar to those of Hwabyung in TCM text-books and diagnostic guidelines. We searched and analyzed clinical studies of TCM treatment for depression syndrome similar to Hwabyung from CNKI using terms 'depression' and 'qi stagnation transforming into fire'. Using extracted data, characteristics of clinical research, herbal medicine, and acupuncture treatment used in the clinical research and their effects were systematically reviewed. Results: Symptoms of 'qi stagnation transforming into fire' were most similar to those of Hwabyung. Nine articles were selected from a total 258 articles. Most of them used DSM-IV or CCMD-3 for depression diagnosis. They applied 'diagnostic and efficacy guidelines for TCM diseases and syndromes' for pattern diagnosis of 'qi stagnation transforming into fire'. Danzhixiaoyao-san and Jiaweixiaoyao-san were found to be effective when they were used alone or in combination with antidepressants. Acupuncture treatment also showed remarkable effect on LR3, HT7, LI4, PC6, GV20 when it was used alone or in combination with antidepressants. However, careful interpretation is required because a small number of studies are included.Conclusions: 'Qi stagnation transforming into fire' seemed to have symptoms similar to Hwabyung. However, further research is needed to determine its diseases and pattern types compared to Hwabyung. According to included studies of 'depression with Qi stagnation transforming into fire', herbal medicine and acupuncture treatment tended to be effective in relieving depressive symptoms. However, more discussion is required for future application of herbal medicine and acupuncture for treating Hwabyung.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.2 s.98
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• pp.259-266
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• 2005

Recently data centric routing or application dependent routing protocols are emerged in mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a routing method for query processing in MANET(Mobile Ad hoc NETwork) environment, called road-based query routing, with consideration on real time traffic information of large number of vehicles. In particular, we focus on the method that process arrival time dependent shortest path query in MANET without a central server on the road networks. The main idea of our approach lies in a routing message that includes query predicates based on the road connectivity and on data gathering method in real time from vehicles on the road by ad-hoc network. We unify route discovery phase and data delivery(query processing) phase in our mechanism and reduce unnecessary flooding messages by pruning mobile nodes which are not on the same or neighboring road segments. In order to evaluate the performances of the proposed method, we established a model of road networks and mobile nodes which travel along the roads. The measurement factor is the number of nodes to whom route request is propagated according to each pruning strategy. Simulation result shows that road information is a dominant factor to reduce the number of messages.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7575-7581
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• 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC). Despite advances in the field of cancer molecular biology and biomarker discovery, the development of clinically validated biomarkers for primary NPC has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the expression and clinical significance of miRNAs as novel primary NPC diagnostic biomarkers. We used an array containing 2, 500 miRNAs to identify 22 significant miRNAs, and these candidate miRNAs were validated using 67 fresh NPC and 25 normal control tissues via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Expression and correlation analyses were performed with various statistical approaches, in addition to logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to evaluate diagnostic efficacy. qRT-PCR revealed five differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-93-5p, miR-135b-5p, miR-205-5p and miR-183-5p) in NPC tissue samples relative to control samples (p<0.05), with miR-135b-5p and miR-205-5p being of significant diagnostic value (p<0.01). Moreover, comparison of NPC patient clinicopathologic data revealed a negative correlation between miR-93-5p and miR-183-5p expression levels and lymph node status (p<0.05). These findings display an altered expression of many miRNAs in NPC tissues, thus providing information pertinent to pathophysiological and diagnostic research. Ultimately, miR-135b-5p and miR-205-5p may be implicated as novel NPC candidate biomarkers, while miR-93-5p, miR-650 and miR-183-5p may find application as relevant clinical pathology and diagnostic candidate biomarkers.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.31-50
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• 2004

With the growth of wireless communication networks and mobile devices taking in GPS, Location-Based Service(LBS) is becoming an integral part of mobile applications. LBS can deal with location-aware features such as persons holding mobile phones or vehicles equipped with GPS, and provide the users with the location information of the features. Thus it is necessary to develop moving object database systems to store, manage, and query moving objects which change their locations continuously as time passes. In this paper, we design and implement a query processing component which deals with moving objects as a key data type. For this component, we define a new SQL-like query language(called MOQL) and as a consequence, design and implement modules that analyze and execute queries. It supports various types of operators that process range queries, infer topological relations, compute trajectories, and find k-nearest neighbors. It can be used as a subsystem if other application systems which deal moving objects and also supports ADO.NET interface that can be used to interact end-users.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

Recently indoor navigation with indoor map such as Indoor Google Maps is served. For the services, constructing indoor data are required. CityGML and IFC are widely used as standards for representing indoor data. The data models contains spatial information for the indoor visualization and analysis, but indoor navigation requires semantic and topological information like graph as well as geometry. For this reason, IndoorGML, which is a GML3 application schema and data model for representation, storage and exchange of indoor geoinformation, is under standardization of OGC. IndoorGML can directly describe geometric property and refer elements in external documents. Because a lot of data in CityGML or IFC have been constructed, a huge amount of construction time and cost for IndoorGML data will be reduced if CityGML can help generate data in IndoorGML. Thus, this paper suggest practical use of CityGML including deriving from and link to CityGML. We analyze relationships between IndoorGML and CityGML. In this paper, issues and solutions for linkage of IndoorGML and CityGML are addressed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10c
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• pp.631-633
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 유비쿼터스 홈 네트워킹 환경에서 사용자의 위치 이동을 실시간 추적하고 가정 내 주거 활동의 편의를 제공하는 정보가전기기들을 제어할 수 있는 능동형 홈 서비스 시스템을 제안한다. 본 시스템은 다계층의 분산시스템 환경으로 구성된다. 즉, 물리 센서와 정보가전기기 등이 존재하는 물리층과 유/무선 지원 인터넷/인트라넷 통신 플랫폼을 포함하는 시스템층, 그리고 물리적 장치들로부터 시스템층을 통해 들어오는 정보를 처리하는 응용층으로 구성되며 실 생활 공간 및 시간을 응용 시뮬레이션 환경으로 반영시킨다. 능동형 홈 서비스 시스템의 개발 목적은 실버아파트에서 독거노인의 위치기반 건강관리 정보 서비스 및 아파트 내 정보가전기기들의 맞춤형 제어를 제공하기 위함이다. 이와 같은 시스템을 구축하기 위해서는 홈 네트워크 내에서 사용자의 이동 위치를 파악하는 실시간 위치추적 기술과 정보가전기기들의 동작을 실시간 제어하기 위한 기술이 요구된다. 제안한 시스템에서는 UC at Irine의 DREAM Lab.에서 개발한 TMO(Time-triggered Message -triggered Objecl) 스킴을 적용하여 각 물리 센서와 정보가전기기들을 응용의 구성요소로 개발했다. 이를 통해 가정 내에 이동하는 TMO로 매핑된 이동객체를 추적하고 또한 홍 네트워크로 연결된 정보가전기기들을 정보가전 TMO 동작객체로 매핑하여 이들 사이의 능동적인 상호동작을 통해 맞춤형 서비스 및 실시간 제어가 가능하도록 했다. 마지막으로, 실시간 위치추적 및 정보가전제어 응용 시뮬레이션을 통해 능동형 홈 서비스 시스템을 구성하는 개별 동작객체들의 기능성과 수행성을 검증했다.황에 대하여 소개한다.이스는 실험정보가 저장된 데이터베이스, 분석결과가 저장된 데이터베이스, 그리고 유전자 정보 탐색을 위한 데이터베이스로 분류해 데이터를 효율적으로 관리할 수 있게 하였다. 본 시스템은 LiNUX를 운영체계로 하고 데이터베이스는 MYSQL로 하여 JSP, Perl. 통계처리 언어인 R로 구현되었다.프트웨어를 사용하지 않고도 국내의 순수 솔루션인 리눅스 기반의 LonWare 3.0 다중 바인딩 기능을 통해 저 비용으로 홈 네트워크 구성 관리 서버 시스템 개발에 대한 비용을 줄일 수 있다. 기대된다.e 함량이 대체로 높게 나타났다. 점미가 수가용성분에서 goucose대비 용출함량이 고르게 나타나는 경향을 보였고 흑미는 알칼리가용분에서 glucose가 상당량(0.68%) 포함되고 있음을 보여주었고 arabinose(0.68%), xylose(0.05%)도 다른 종류에 비해서 다량 함유한 것으로 나타났다. 흑미는 총식이섬유 함량이 높고 pectic substances, hemicellulose, uronic acid 함량이 높아서 콜레스테롤 저하 등의 효과가 기대되며 고섬유식품으로서 조리 특성 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.리하였다. 얻어진 소견(所見)은 다음과 같았다. 1. 모년령(母年齡), 임신회수(姙娠回數), 임신기간(姙娠其間), 출산시체중등(出産時體重等)의 제요인(諸要因)은 주산기사망(周産基死亡)에 대(對)하여 통계적(統計的)으로 유의(有意)한 영향을 미치고 있어 $25{\sim}29$세(歲)의 연령군에서, 2번째 임신과 2번째의 출산에서 그리고 만삭의 임신 기간에, 출산시체중(出産時體重) $3.50{\

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.836-840
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• 2007

Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV)는 Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)를 자연하천이나 실험실에서 넓은 영역($4m^2{\sim}45,000m^2$)에 적용할 수 있도록 확장시킨 것으로 지난 10여년 이상 세계적으로 널리 이에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. PIV는 seeding, illumination, recording 그리고 image processing으로 구성된다. LSPIV(Large Scale PIV)는 PIV의 기본원리를 근거로 하여 기존의 PIV에 비하여 실험실 내에서의 수리모형실험이나 일반 하천에서의 유속측정과 같은 큰 규모의 흐름해석을 할 수 있도록 seeding, illumination에 대한 조정이 필요하고, 촬영된 image에 대한 왜곡을 없애는 작업이 필요하다. LSPIV는 PIV의 네가지 단계를 포함하여 seeding, illumination, recording, image transformation, image processing 및 post-processing의 여섯 단계로 구성되어진다 (Li, 2002). LSPIV를 일반 하천에 적용시, 자연발생적인 tracers - 난류로 인한 표면 교란, 부유물, 수공구조물로 인해서 발생하는 자연 발생되는 거품 - 가 풍부해서 seeding이 불필요한 경우를 제외하고는 정확한 유속장의 해석을 위하여 인공적인 seeding을 필요로 한다. 일반적으로 Seeding 재료로 많이 이용되는 것은 wood mulch, Ecofoam, grain-straw 등이다. 하천에서 자연발생적 혹은 인위적 seeding을 하였을 때 이들 tracers의 물리적인 속성으로 바람에 쉽게 영향을 받고 이로 인하여 실제의 물표면유속을 대표하지 못하는 경우가 있다. 이에 실험실의 개수로에서 여러 가지 이용 가능한 tracers에 대하여 바람에 의한 오차 발생의 정도를 조사하였다. 실험에 사용된 seeding 재료로는 black polypropylene, Ecofoam, white polystyrene의 세가지를 이용하였다. black polypropylene (SG=0.92)과 white polystyrene (SG=0.0125)은 폭 1 m 이내의 개수로 실험 장치에서 유속장의 해석에 많이 이용되고 Ecofoam (SG=0.0065)은 수리 모형실험에서 많이 이용된다. seeding 물질에 따른 바람의 영향을 분석하기 위해서 폭 60cm의 개수로에서 seeding 물질을 변경하면서 펌프의 조작에 의해 3가지 단면평균유속을 발생시키고, 각 평균유속조건에 대해 4가지의 바람세기 - 바람이 없을 때와 팬의 바람세기를 1단, 2단, 3단으로 조정 - 를 발생시켰으며, 개수로위에서 촬영한 이미지의 상류측기준점으로부터 0.3556m 하류 지점을 횡단하는 단면의 표면유속을 측정하여 비교하였고, 그 단면의 중앙에서 물표면 바로 위 지점의 풍속을 측정하였다. 각 Seeding 물질에 대해 팬을 켜지 않았을 때, 즉 바람의 영향이 없을 때 측정한 표면유속을 바람의 세기가 변한 경우의 기준 표면유속으로 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과 비중이 0.01 내외인 Ecofoam과 white polystyrene에 비해 비중이 0.92인 black polypropylene은 대부분이 물속에 잠겨 있어 흐름과 거의 일치하여 움직임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 흐름의 평균유속이 0.165 m/s의 저유속에서 바람이 tracers에 미치는 영향이 평균유속 0.558m/s인 경우보다 커서, 바람의 세기의 증가에 따라 표면유속 측정값이 급속히 감소되었다. 흐름의 평균유속이 큰 경우에는 바람이 tracer에 마치는 영향이 현격히 줄어듬을 보이고 있다. 결론적으로 유속이 증가함에 따라 바람의 영향은 감소하나, 바람의 영향을 최소화시키기 위해서는 가급적 비중이 큰 물질(0.5

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2006

Injection of $CO_2$ into underground saline formations, due to their large storage capacity, is probably the most promising approach for the reduction of $CO_2$ emissions into the atmosphere. $CO_2$ storage must be carefully planned and monitored to ensure that the $CO_2$ is safely retained in the formation for periods of at least thousands of years. Seismic methods, particularly for offshore reservoirs, are the primary tool for monitoring the injection process and distribution of $CO_2$ in the reservoir over time provided that reservoir properties are favourable. Seismic methods are equally essential for the characterisation of a potential trap, determining the reservoir properties, and estimating its capacity. Hence, an assessment of the change in seismic response to $CO_2$ storage needs to be carried out at a very early stage. This must be revisited at later stages, to assess potential changes in seismic response arising from changes in fluid properties or mineral composition that may arise from chemical interactions between the host rock and the $CO_2$. Thus, carefully structured modelling of the seismic response changes caused by injection of $CO_2$ into a reservoir over time helps in the design of a long-term monitoring program. For that purpose we have developed a Graphical User Interface (GUI) driven rock physics simulator, designed to model both short and long-term 4D seismic responses to injected $CO_2$. The application incorporates $CO_2$ phase changes, local pressure and temperature changes. chemical reactions and mineral precipitation. By incorporating anisotropic Gassmann equations into the simulator, the seismic response of faults and fractures reactivated by $CO_2$ can also be predicted. We show field examples (potential $CO_2$ sequestration sites offshore and onshore) where we have tested our rock physics simulator. 4D seismic responses are modelled to help design the monitoring program.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.367-376
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• 2007

In this paper, we introduce an application-specific and adaptive power management technique for portable systems that support dynamic voltage scaling (DVS). We exploit both the idle time of multitasking systems running soft real-time tasks as well as memory- or CPU-bound code regions. Detailed power and execution time profiles guide an adaptive power manager (APM) that is linked to the operating system. A post-pass optimizer marks candidate regions for DVS by inserting calls to the APM. At runtime, the APM monitors the CPU's performance counters to dynamically determine the affinity of the each marked region. for each region, the APM computes the optimal voltage and frequency setting in terms of energy consumption and switches the CPU to that setting during the execution of the region. Idle time is exploited by monitoring system idle time and switching to the energy-wise most economical setting without prolonging execution. We show that our method is most effective for periodic workloads such as video or audio decoding. We have implemented our method in a multitasking operating system (Microsoft Windows CE) running on an Intel XScale-processor. We achieved up to 9% of total system power savings over the standard power management policy that puts the CPU in a low Power mode during idle periods.