• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.27-41
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• 1993

The estimation of nugget sizes was attempted by utilizing the artificial neural networks method. Artificial neural networks is a highly simplified model of the biological nervous system. Artificial neural networks is composed of a large number of elemental processors connected like biological neurons. Although the elemental processors have only simple computation functions, because they are connected massively, they can describe any complex functional relationship between an input-output pair in an autonomous manner. The electrode head movement signal, which is a good indicator of corresponding nugget size was determined by measuring the each test specimen. The sampled electrode movement data and the corresponding nugget sizes were fed into the artificial neural networks as input-output pairs to train the networks. In the training phase for the networks, the artificial neural networks constructs a fuctional relationship between the input-output pairs autonomusly by adjusting the set of weights. In the production(estimation) phase when new inputs are sampled and presented, the artificial neural networks produces appropriate outputs(the estimates of the nugget size) based upon the transfer characteristics learned during the training mode. Experimental verification of the proposed estimation method using artificial neural networks was done by actual destructive testing of welds. The predicted result by the artifficial neural networks were found to be in a good agreement with the actual nugget size. The results are quite promising in that the real-time estimation of the invisible nugget size can be achieved by analyzing the process variable without any conventional destructive testing of welds.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.343-358
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to draw out the situational problems of the community based NGO (Non Governmental Organization) movement and to suggest development strategies for NGO movement in Korea. The study was conducted through extensive review of literature and analysis of the related data. The major findings of this study were as follows; As the development of democracy and localization process were in progress, the community based NGO movement was also developing quantitatively, however not yet qualitatively. The NGO Times Net, a internet newspaper for NGOs revealed that the number of community based NGO was 3,397 as in 2004, which was 5 times larger than 597 central based or Seoul located NGOs. However, some of the problems identified were lower participation of local people, quality of the movement compare to the original purposes of the movement, and the problems in local leadership, etc. In order to overcome various problems, this study suggested some strategies for development such as enhancement of civil education, expansion of voluntary spirits, financial support for NGOs, better mutual understanding among the GOs (Government Organizations), POs(Profit Organizations) and NGOs. Self evaluation and innovative strategies will be needed for further development of NGO movement in Korea.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.283-300
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• 2012

Wind-induced vibrations of buildings can be perceived when movement of objects caused by the vibration is seen. However, movement of objects that would normally be expected to trigger visual perception of building vibrations is not necessarily seen in actual building environments. Therefore, to evaluate habitability to building vibrations, it is necessary to examine the influence of movement of objects on vibration perception taking into account probability of seeing the objects. As the first step in this study, those data necessary to estimate probability of vibration perception from seeing of swaying objects have been measured during normal activities in actual buildings. In addition, statistical analysis of the data has also been carried out. As the second step in this study, the probability distribution of vibration perception by visual sensation is estimated using the series of data measured in the first step. Probability of seeing object is considered in the estimated probability distribution.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.84-96
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• 2011

With the advancements in the computer graphics sectors, the visual quality of the virtual clothing implemented by using the 3-dimensional digital clothing software system has been much improved during the past decade. Most of the cloth simulation procedures are complicated due to the multitude of parameters involved in the simulation in order to achieve the appearance of the actual textile fabrics or the movement of the actual clothing as close as possible. Bending properties affect the tactile and visual qualities of the textile fabrics along with the shear and tensile properties. In this study, dynamic bending properties, focused on the movement of the textile fabrics including damping ratio and amplitude, were measured by using a dynamic bending test system.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.293-303
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the three-dimensional (3D) surgical accuracy between virtually planned and actual surgical movements (SM) of the maxilla in two-jaw orthognathic surgery. Methods: The sample consisted of 15 skeletal Class III patients who underwent two-jaw orthognathic surgery performed by a single surgeon using a virtual surgical simulation (VSS) software. The 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained before (T0) and after surgery (T1). After merging the dental cast image onto the T0 CBCT image, VSS was performed. SM were classified into midline correction (anterior and posterior), advancement, setback, anterior elongation, and impaction (total and posterior). The landmarks were the midpoint between the central incisors, the mesiobuccal cusp tip (MBCT) of both first molars, and the midpoint of the two MBCTs. The amount and direction of SM by VSS and actual surgery were measured using 3D coordinates of the landmarks. Discrepancies less than 1 mm between VSS and T1 landmarks indicated a precise outcome. The surgical achievement percentage (SAP, [amount of movement in actual surgery/amount of movement in VSS] × 100) (%) and precision percentage (PP, [number of patients with precise outcome/number of total patients] × 100) (%) were compared among SM types using Fisher's exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Overall mean discrepancy between VSS and actual surgery, SAP, and PP were 0.13 mm, 89.9%, and 68.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the SAP and PP values among the seven SM types (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: VSS could be considered as an effective tool for increasing surgical accuracy.

• EDISON SW 활용 경진대회 논문집
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• 제5회(2016년)
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• pp.467-468
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• 2016

The importance of the recent manufacturing industry have been made to invest in a lot of assistance and human resource development at the national dimension in which to rise again. However Learned in actual school education kinetic, and the use to how product design structural knowledge, Often it feels vague unlikely whether it is possible to derive an optimal product. In this study, by using the simulation-based Jansen Mechanism designed a walking robot, after optimization of the numerical consideration when designing for optimum walking motion, through simulation through the actual production resulting numerical information is examined whether valid. In addition, through the actual production was walking robot, to verify the validity of the simulation-based design.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.2313-2326
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• 2018

The method of operating a game could determine the psychological distance between the player and the game character, and thus, in the Virtual Reality, players' control methodologies are important to enhance their immersion. This study has the objective of examining the difference in games according to the method of operation based on the player's movements. This study researched the effect of the method of operating movement conforming to the movement of the character and the physical operation of the body on forming game experiences for the player. The result of performing an experiment increased reality for the game player through a controller in the shape of the actual control, to increase focus in the game. As so, game play through movements, including actual movements by the player displayed to enhance game satisfaction. In the part of media remediation field, Game can be defined as media which has their own unique hypermediacy. Especially, in the motion based game, players' movement mediates players and the game, therefore, players' movement could make players' experience augmented or immediate in accordance with the characteristics of movements. Even though sports and dances genres of motion-based games are common, RPG or adventure genres are rare. It can be explained that the characteristics of the action have been explained in the immediacy. In a game of fantasy, which is difficult to experience in real-life situations, the nature of the player's motion can increase the immersion of the game, which can contribute to utilization of players' motion and experience design in the various genres and suggestion of grounds theory. In addition, through this study, it is able to design motion-based games of various genres.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2003

The ultimate goal of this research is to establish the movement rights of people with physical disabilities. To achieve this goal, the authors have investigated the regulation and restrictions of physical facilities to guarantee the movement rights and investigated how well these facilities were constructed. The authors then have analyzed and compared the results. The purposes of this research are as follows. First, the authors investigated and analyzed the present conditions of selected public facilities to propose improvement measures for the disabled, pregnant and seniors so that they could actively participate in cultural activities as normal people do. Second, the designs resulting from this research are provided so as to be helpful to disabled people in everyday life, which is different from previously conducted research. Third, the authors have selected facilities with outdoor areas to differentiate the results from those reported recently through research conducted on indoor buildings. The final step of this research is to provide basic design data on outdoor areas to establish true movement rights for the disabled. According to these research findings, the shortest moving distance cannot be guaranteed only by establishing facilities that follow the Article 3 law about guarantee of convenience improvement for the disabled. If the movement path is not regulated, the facility standards may not exist in one part and the part itself may become obscured and the distance could become longer than necessary. Accordingly, for real movement rights the movement path should be guaranteed not to be violated by other obstacles. The results of this study offer convenience when moving within the outdoor space of cultural facilities by providing direct information for the disabled. The value of this study is that it is the first study on movement rights and movement paths for people with physical disabilities.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2003

This paper introduces a constraint operator for the kinematic calibration of a parallel mechanism. By adopting the concept of a constraint operator, the movement between two poses is constrained. When the constrained movements are satisfied, the active joint displacements are taken and inputted into the kinematic model to compute the theoretical movements. A cost function is derived by the errors between the theoretical movement and the actual movement. The parameters that minimize the cost function are estimated and substituted into the kinematic model for a kinematic calibration. A single constraint plane is employed as a mechanical fixture to constrain the movement, and three digital indicators are used as the sensing devices to determine whether the constrained movement is satisfied. This calibration system represents an effective, low cost and feasible technique for a parallel mechanism. A calibration algorithm is developed with a constraint operator and implemented on a parallel manipulator constructed for a machining center tool.

• 복식
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• 제58권9호
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• pp.166-175
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• 2008

For the structural firefighting protective clothing, it can show a synergy effect when it satisfies smart fabric to block off a harmful environmental element and ergonomics design that apply range of motion of human body and appropriate size system. There are various standards about the structural firefighting protective clothing, but it's difficult to find a rule about movement suitability because the performance of the material holds a lot of the rules. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a scheme to evaluate the current structural firefighting protective clothing and to improve movement suitability by research on the actual condition. For this, the survey about wearer acceptability scale on design and size and about improvement requirements was executed gathering firefighters' opinion. Questionnaire was composed with 23 items about satisfaction on current structural firefighting protective clothing, body suitability, movement suitability, improvement requirement and subjective information. As a results, Korean firefighters demand ergonomics design of structural firefighting protective clothing which to minimize restriction of body movement and to maximize body suitability.