• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물번식학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
• /
• pp.89-89
• /
• 2002

In this study, we examined transmission efficiency and expression level of the transgenes in the transgenic mice. The transgenic lines secreting a considerable amount of human lactoferrin(LF) thrombopoietin(TPO), interleukin-10(IL-10) into their milk were subjected to access the inheritance and maintenance of transgenic phenotype. They were bred through three generations. The transmission frequency for each generations(F9, F10, F11) of 3 lines was 38.03±10.43%(13/35), 48.33±3.76%(19/39) and 31.83±8.88%(9/28) in the LF line, 51.33±18.98%(20/38), 63.70±35.71%(12/20) and 29.57± 15.05%(8/26) in the TPO line, 38.27±17.74%(15/37), 47.47±29.88%(14/28) and 50.87±5.85%(14/28) in the IL-10 line, respectively. (omitted)

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2004

This study examined attitudes toward older adults among a sample of young (496 Participants), midlife (200 participants), and older adults (115 participants). The results indicate that attitudes of the three generations toward older adults were modest in score, being neither positive nor negative. The older adults' attitudes were the most positive regarding elderly people. In other words, each generation of people showed different attitudes toward older adults. There was also a significant interaction effect between generation and gender. Middle aged women were the most negative toward the elderly, yet older women were the most positive. In addition, there were differences among generations in the variables that are related with the attitudes toward older adults. The attitudes were positively correlated with relationship with their grandparents for young adults, whereas care giving stress was significantly related for midlife adults, and the level of preparedness for old age (physical, emotional and economic) was a strong predictor for older adults.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2009

Recently, giant embryonic rice and functional rice food are preferred by more consumers, which are attributed to the fact that the embryo has high concentrations of essential amino acids, fatty acids, and vitamins relative to other parts of rice grains. In this report, the heredity and stability of giant embryo mutations in successive generations were analyzed regarding a giant embryonic line, 'P47', induced by T-DNA insertion and a $F_2$ population from a cross between 'P47' and 'Junam'. The mutant lines with increases of 1.5, 1.7 and 1.8 times on embryo length, width and 100-embryo weight to those of the control showed stable inheritance across three generations. The continuous frequency distributions of embryo size in the $F_2$ population showed that the embryo size is a quantitative trait of polygene controlled. In addition, wide range of transgressive segregations of six traits affecting embryo size confirmed exchange of genetic materials and recombination between genes controlling embryo size. Five giant embryo mutant lines selected from the $F_2$ population will be used for artificial selection and improvement of giant embryonic varieties.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국주거학회 2006년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.438-442
• /
• 2006

The aims of this study was to identify the needs of a generation-integrated housing complex by respondents with different generations and propose the plans for this type of low-rise housing complex. Respondents were needed a housing unit with 31-40 pyung, three rooms, and two baths. Also, they wanted to live a housing complex with size of 50-100 housing units, providing community services such as green zone and rivulet, community programs and spaces, and residents gathering public spaces. The proposed plans showed three types of standard housing unit plans and three modified housing unit plans to accommodate the changing life cycle of the family.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.323-327
• /
• 2015

Wattle length, width, and area were measured to classify bilateral asymmetries in four lines of chickens. The lines were the S26 generation of White Leghorns selected for high (HAS) or low (LAS) response to sheep red blood cells and sublines in which selection had been relaxed for three generations (high antibody relaxed [HAR] and low antibody relaxed [LAR]). Antibody titers (AB) were greater for HAS than for HAR with both greater than for LAS and LAR which while different for males did not differ for females. The low antibody lines were heavier and reached sexual maturity at younger age than the high antibody lines. In general, wattle length, width, and area were greater in the low than high antibody lines. In 24 comparisons for bilaterality 18 exhibited fluctuating asymmetry and 6 exhibited directional asymmetry with 5 of the 6 being for wattle length. There was not a clear pattern for changes in degree of asymmetry when selection was relaxed for 3 generations. For females, the relative asymmetry (RA) of wattle area was larger ($p{\leq}0.05$) for HAR than for LAR and not different from the selected lines and relaxed lines. There were no differences among lines for RA of wattle length and width of females and wattle length, width, and area of males.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.213-232
• /
• 2021

Ore criteria at the Sheba Deposit indicate orogenic mineralization type. Rocks and mineral assemblages suggest low formation-temperature of green-schist facies. Pyrite found in two generations; Type1 is irregular grains, contains higher arsenic and gold contents, compared to the relatively younger phase Type2 pyrite, which is composed of euhedral grains, found adjacent to late quartz-carbonate veins or at rims of type1 pyrite. Two gold generations were identified; type1 found included in sulphides (mainly pyrite). The second gold type was remobilized (secondary) into free-lodes within silicates (mainly quartz). Gold fineness is high, as gold contains up to 95 wt. % Au, Ag up to 3.5 wt. %, and traces of Cu, Ni, and Fe. Pyrite type2 contains tiny mineral domains (rich in Al, Mn, Hg, Se, Ti, V, and Cr). Zoning, and replacement textures are common, suggesting multiple mineralization stages. The distribution and relationships of trace elements in pyrite type2 indicate three formation patterns: (1) Al, Mn, Hg, Se, Ti, V, Cr, and Sn are homogeneously distributed in pyrite, reflecting a synchronous formation. (2) As, Ni, Co, Zn, and Sb display heterogeneous distribution pattern in pyrite, which may indicate post-formation existence due to other activities. (3) Au and Ag show both distribution patterns within pyrite, suggesting that gold is found both in microscopic phases and as chemically bounded phase.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2000

We assessed dietary patterns of 72 college students and 72 parents. The purpose of this study was to compare the difference in selected nutrient intakes and dietary atherogenicity between young and old generations. Three-day dietary records were used as a tool in collecting data and the diets were analyzed by the computer program Nutritionist IV. Average calori intakes of students and parents were 1,881.5kcal and 1,866.4kcal. Fat intakes were higher for students than those of parents, but problem intakes were higher for parents than those of students. Carbohydrate, protein and fat ratios in energy compositiion of students and parents were respectively 57.6:16.4:26.4 and 59.4:18.3:22.5. Students had slightly higher calcium intakes and consumed more milk exchanges than did parents, but students had lower values than parents when expressed as %RDAs for calcium. Our findings of higher consumptions of fat and sugar, lower fiber intakes, and higher atherogenic scores of diets such as cholesterol index, Keys score and Hegsted score in students than in their parents, would place our students at a higher risk for obesity and cardiovascular diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.767-771
• /
• 2002

Breeding efficiencies were compared among three population schemes: a single population, a population with two subpopulations and a population with three sub-populations. A simulation experiment of selection was carried out for 10 generations with 20 replications each by comparing average breeding values and inbreeding coefficients among the three population schemes. Phenotypes of three traits were generated with a model comprising 36 loci, each with additive genetic effects and residuals distributed normally. Among the three population schemes, the single population scheme was definitely superior to the other two with regards to selection response and inbreeding. The multiple sub-population scheme was, however, considered to be an alternative population scheme when the difference in economic weights of the traits was small among the sub-populations, assuming moderate inbreeding depression for traits and crossbreeding. The scheme with two sub-populations had a higher genetic value than that with three subpopulations; however, the genetic values of the schemes were comparable when maternal heterosis was taken into account. The choice of population schemes may depend on the cost-sharing policy between the breeding population and the commercial population rather than just the breeding efficiency.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.4527-4533
• /
• 2014

Background: This descriptive and cross-sectional study aimed to investigate effects of cigarette smoking across three generations and perceptions of the smoking-cancer relationship on the cigarette smoking status of Turkish university students. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised of 434 university students studying in different departments of a university. Data were collected using a socio-demographic data collection form and the Decisional Balance Scaleqand evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test, CHAID and multiple regression analyses. Results: The average age of the students participating in the study is 19.6+.5.0, some 11.3% of the students reporting that they smoked cigarettes. No statistically significant relationship was ascertained between the cigarette smoking statuses of the students based on the cigarette smoking status of their grandparents (p=0.144). but there was alink to that of their parents (p=0.002). The difference between the cigarette smoking ratios of the students based on their perceptions of smoking-cancer relationship was statistically significant (p<0.001). Believing that there is a relationship between smoking and cancer decreased likelihood of cigarette smoking 3.7 fold. Cigarette smoking by grandparents, and believing that there is a relationship between smoking and cancer, and cigarette smoking by parents explained 8.3% of the cigarette smoking status of the students. Conclusions: While cigarette smoking by grandparents only indirectly influences cigarette smoking by the students, believing that there is a relationship between smoking and cancer, and cigarette smoking by parents are influential variables in determining cigarette smoking by Turkish students.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제52권6호
• /
• pp.451-457
• /
• 2010

The porcine MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex), encoding the SLA (Swine Leukocyte Antigen) genes, is one of the most significant regions associated with immune rejection in relation to transplantation. In this study, three SLA class I (SLA-1, SLA-3, SLA-2) loci and three SLA class II (DRB1, DQB1, DQA) loci were investigated in the previously unidentified Korean native pig (KNP) population that was closely inbred in the Livestock Technology Research Station in Cheongyang, Korea. Total thirteen KNPs from four generations were genotyped for the SLA alleles and haplotypes were investigated using PCR-SSP (Sequence-Specific Primer) method. The results showed that all of these KNPs had Lr-56.30/56.30 homozygous haplotype, indicating high level of inbreeding in the SLA genes. The inbreeding status of these animals was also investigated using microsatellite (MS) markers. From the 50 MS markers investigated, 17 MS markers were fixed in all generations and the fixed alleles are increased as 26 loci for the fourth generation. Two MS markers, S0069 and SW173, were heterozygous for all the animals tested. Observed and expected heterozygosities were calculated and the average inbreeding coefficients for each generation were also calculated. In the fourth generation, the average inbreeding coefficients was 0.732 and this may increase with further inbreeding process. Analysis of the SLA haplotypes and MS alleles can give important information for breeding the pigs for xenotransplantation studies.