• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.434-441
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 석면해체 제거작업에 따른 작업자 및 주변 환경에 미치는 영향 등을 파악하기 위해 서울시내 건축물 석면해체 제거 사업장을 대상으로 공기 중 석면농도를 조사하고, 측정결과가 "석면안전관리법"에서 명시된 사업장 주변의 석면배출허용기준에 적합한지를 살펴보았다. 서울시내 총 37개소 석면해체 제거 사업장에서 총 288개의 공기 중 시료를 분석하였으며, 전체 288개 시료 중 101개 시료에서(35%) 검출한계($7fiber/mm^2$) 이하로 나타났다. 이 때 전체 공기 중 석면농도 평균값은 $0.003{\pm}0.002f/cc$로(최대 0.013 f/cc) 대부분의 공기 중 석면농도는 "석면안전관리법"에서 명시된 사업장 주변의 석면배출허용기준 0.01 f/cc 이하로 나타나 서울시내 건축물 석면해체 제거 사업장에서의 석면 노출가능성은 우려할 수준이 아닌 것으로 판단된다. 채취지점별로 살펴보면, 부지경계선(148개), 위생설비입구(25개), 작업장주변(실내)(7개), 작업장주변(실외)(11개)에 대한 공기 중 석면농도 결과, 각각 53개(36%), 5개(20%), 1개(14%), 4개(36%) 시료에서 검출한계 이하로 나타났으며 평균농도는 각각 $0.002{\pm}0.002f/cc$(최대 0.008 f/cc), $0.004{\pm}0.002f/cc$(최대 0.009 f/cc), $0.004{\pm}0.002f/cc$(최대 0.007 f/cc), $0.004{\pm}0.002f/cc$로(최대 0.008 f/cc) 나타났다. 또한 음압기(13개), 폐기물보관지점(27개), 폐기물반출구(9개), 거주자주거지역(48개)에 대한 공기 중 석면농도 결과, 각각 3개(23%), 8개(30%), 2개(22%), 25개(52%) 시료에서 검출한계 이하로 나타났으며 평균농도는 각각 $0.004{\pm}0.002f/cc$(최대 0.009 f/cc), $0.005{\pm}0.004f/cc$(최대 0.013 f/cc), $0.005{\pm}0.003f/cc$(최대 0.009 f/cc), $0.003{\pm}0.002f/cc$0로(최대 0.009 f/cc) 나타났다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.164-174
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• 2014

본 연구는 현재 국내의 의료기관에서 개인정보 및 의료정보보호에 적용되고 있는 적용법 간의 서로 상충되는 많은 문제점을 해결할 방안을 모색하고자 외국의 개인정보보호법과 의료정보보호법을 비교 분석하였다. 개인정보의 국제 표준 지침인 OECD와 EU의 가이드라인 분석과 개인정보보호법 및 의료정보보호법이 잘 정비되어 있는 미국, 캐나다, 프랑스를 선정하여 개인정보보호법제 및 의료정보보호법의 특징과 내용을 조사하여 비교하였으며, 현재 국내의 개인정보보호법 가이드라인과 의료정보보호 관련 법률 및 주요 내용을 항목별로 비교하였다. 분석결과 유럽의 여러 나라 중 특징적으로 프랑스가 의료정보보호를 위한 공공보건법을 제정하여 실행해오고 있었고, 미국과 캐나다가 독립된 의료정보보호법이 제정 실행되고 있었으며, 환자의 기록의 발생부터 관리 및 법을 이행하지 못했을 경우의 처벌조항까지 상당히 체계적인 법으로 규정하고 있고 기록의 작성자인 의사와 의료기록의 주체인 환자 간의 기밀 유지와 사생활 보호에 대해 중점적으로 보호책을 법에 규정하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이는 한국도 환자에 관련된 모든 기록을 체계적으로 보호할 수 있는 독립된 의료정보보호법의 제정이 필요함을 알려준다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aims to compare the physicochemical characteristics, toxicological data with Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) of chemicals under the Occupational Safety and Health Act(OSHA) regulated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor of Korea. Methods: Information on chemicals which have OELs on physicochemical characteristics and toxicological data was collected using Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) from Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) and the Korea Information System for Chemical Safety Management(KISChem) in 2014. Statistical analyses including correlation and simple regression were performed to compare the OELs with chemical characteristics including molecular weight, boiling point, odor threshold, vapor pressure, vapor density, solubility and octanol-water partition coefficient(OWPC) and toxicological data such as median lethal dose($LD_{50}$) and median lethal concentration($LC_{50}$). Results: A total of 656 chemicals have OELs under OSHA in Korea. The numbers of chemicals which have eight-hour time weighted average(TWA) and short term exposure limits(STEL) are 618 and 190, respectively. TWA was significantly correlated with boiling point and STEL was only correlated with vapor pressure among physicochemical characteristics. Solubility and OWPC between "skin" and "no skin" substances which indicate skin penetration were not significantly different. Both $LD_{50}$ and $LC_{50}$ were correlated with TWA, while the $LC_{50}$ was not with STEL. As health indicators, health rating and Emergency Response Planning Guidelines(ERPG) rating as recommended by the National Fire Protection Association(NFPA) and American Industrial Hygiene Association(AIHA) were associated with OELs and reflect the chemical hazards. Conclusions: We found relationships between OEL and chemical information including physicochemical characteristics and toxicological data. The study has an important meaning for understanding present regulatory OELs.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.388-397
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• 2018

Background: The study analyzes penalties imposed on organizations for breaching safety and health regulations. The research questions are as follows: what are the commonly breached safety and health regulations? How proportional are penalties imposed on organizations for breaching health and safety regulations in the United Kingdom? Methods: The study employed sequential explanatory mixed research strategies for better understanding of health and safety penalties imposed on organizations. Actual health and safety convictions and penalties data for 10 years (2006 to 2016) were obtained through the United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive (HSE) public register for convictions. Overall, 2,217 health and safety cases were analyzed amounting to total fines of £37,179,916, in addition to other wide-ranging penalties. For thorough understanding, eight interviews were conducted with industry practitioners, lawyers, and HSE officials as part of the study qualitative data. Results: Findings show that the Health and Safety at Work (HSW) Act accounted for 46% of all HSE prosecution cases in the last decade. This is nearly half of the total safety and health at work prosecutions. Moreover, there is widespread desire for organizations to comply with the HSW Act, but route fines are seen as burdensome and inimical to business growth. Conclusion: A key deduction from the study reveal significant disproportionality concerning penalties imposed on organizations for breaching safety and health regulations. On aggregate, small companies tend to pay more for health and safety offenses in a ratio of 1:2 compared to large companies. The study also reveals that the HSW Act accounted for nearly half of the total safety and health at work prosecutions in the last decade.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.97-121
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• 2004

Recently, human embryonic stem cell research raises exciting public expectation on medical possibilities as well as ethical debate. Embryo management has become an integral part of the management of infertility treatment, researches on embryo and human embryonic stem cells and so on. Britain has permitted the research on stem cells derived from human embryo which made the first nation to allow the cloning of human embryo for the stem cell research. However, new technologies such as the assisted reproductive technologies and human embryonic stem cell research continue to pose an increasing source of ethical dilemmas for physician, scientists, legislators, religious authorities and the general publics to deal with. None the less, the United Kingdom has adopted the most liberal policies regarding human embryo and human embryonic stem cell research. The implication of the British embryo management system are as follows: 1) the development of reproductive technologies and new stem cell research technologies continue to pose legal and ethical debates, since those involve several parties; 2) the UK has taken the legal and institutional approaches to cope with those serious issues; 3) the UK adopted most liberal policies regarding embryonic and human embryonic stem cell researches; 4) the British HFE Act is consistent with the existing Acts related to human embryo management and researches; 5) through amending the HFE Act to accomodate the changes of technologies, the UK try to minimize the legal and ethical burden on undertaking research regarding embryo. The debates about the researches on human embryo and human embryonic stem cells is likely to continue in the Korean society. Because of the controversy and competing ethical values, as well as the evolving technologies, so far no consensus exists in our society. It suggest that it is premature to bring closure by ruling out any particular approaches. Thus our society needs to make an efforts to find a basis which could resolve the societal controversies through enriching the societal conversation about the profound ethical issues regarding embryo management.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was carried out to determine $LD_{50}$ of benzo[a]pyrene to decide the possibility to designate them as toxic substance on the Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemical Substances, and to suggest that they should be managed in what level on the Chemical Control Act. Methods: Based on the result of a preliminary study, 300 mg/kg was set as the middle dose. A highest dose of 2,000 mg/kg and a lowest dose of 50 mg/kg were selected based on the OECD TG 423. Benzo[a]pyrene was orally administered once to female and male SD rats at dose levels of 50, 300, 2,000 mg/kg (body weight). All animals were monitored daily for clinical signs and mortality over 14 days. Also testicular spermatid count, motility and etc. were examined as well. Results: Under the condition of this experiment, $LD_{50}$ of benzo[a]pyrene was assumed to be >2,000 mg/kg. In the lesion according to autopsy, there were no specific symptoms in the control and experimental groups. At 2,000 mg/kg, a decrease in the sperm motility was observed. Benzo[a]pyrene should be designated to be toxic substance as the material assumed to be reproduction-toxicity on the Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemicals. Therefore we should abide by legal procedures determined by Chemicals Control Act in treating it. Conclusion: Considering the significant result that sperm motility in the experimental group was inferior to that in the reference group, we suggest that benzo[a]pyrene be designated as a toxic substance.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.341-352
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• 2006

This study examined health-functional foods intake pattern of consumers and their recognition of it to prepare a guide for the foods. The data were collected from the adults living in Busan and Gyeongnam through a self-administered questionnaire from September sixth to September thirteenth, 2005. The results of this study were as follows: Most respondents have taken one health-functional food, mainly on purpose to maintain and improve overall health condition. The average of monthly cost to purchase the foods was 79,933 Korean won, and drugstores were the main purchasing place. The value perception about health-functional foods was at the middle, and the recognition level of Health Functional Foods Act established in 2002 was very low. The most important source of information regarding health-functional foods was family, relatives and friends, and two-fifths respondents had difficulties in obtaining information. These results imply that consumers should consult with experts before they take health-functional foods and that public information regarding Health Functional Foods Act should be given to consumers.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.353-368
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• 2013

All Koreans had suffered heavily from municipal and industrial air pollution problems since 1960's to 1980's. However the levels of $SO_2$, CO, and Pb have been dramatically decreased since 1990's due to various air pollutants' reduction policies under the provisions of the 1978 Environmental Preservation Act and the 1990 Air Quality Preservation Act such as increasing the supply of low-sulfur fuel, the use of cleaner fuel, no use of solid fuel, and so on. Even though the national ambient air quality standard has been strengthened to protect public health and welfare, the levels of $NO_2$, $O_3$, and $PM_{10}$ frequently exceed the corresponding standards; for example, only 4 stations (1.7%) out of 239 nationwide monitoring stations satisfied the 24-hr based PM10 standard in 2011. Moreover, upto the present time, since there are serious underlying policies of economism and growth-first which can not be solely solved by the environmental laws, it is difficult to root out undesirable social evils such as public indifference, passive academic activities, complacent government bureaucracy, insufficient social responsibility of enterprise, and radical activities of environmental groups. The paper initially reviewed air pollution history of Korea with surveying various environmental factors affecting in/out-door air pollution in the past Korea. Further this study extensively investigated legal and political changes on air pollution control and management for the last 50 years, and then intensively discussed the present environment-related laws and policies unreasonably enforced in Korea. It is necessary to practically revise many outdated legal policies based on health-oriented thinking and on our current economic levels as well.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.179-182
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• 2023

The Chemical Substances Control Act has been legislated to counter the risks posed by chemical substances to public health and the environment, but a number of small- and large-scaled incidents related to hazardous chemicals continue to occur every year. The Korean Ministry of Environment takes legal responsibility for prevention, preparedness, and response to nationwide chemical accidents under the Chemical Substances Control Act. The determination of chemical accidents that occur during hazardous chemical handling processes is based on the Article 2 (Definitions) of the law and the administrative criteria for judgement of chemical accidents. However, there are certain ambiguities in the scientific basis for determining chemical accidents under the current regulations. Whether or not a chemical accident has a direct influence on penalties and administrative measures for a workplace where an accident occurred, it is necessary to find reasonable criteria for determining chemical accident based on legal and scientific evidence.

• 의료법학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.359-395
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• 2012

In a broad term, health and medical data means all patient information that has been generated or circulated in government health and medical policies, such as medical research and public health, and all sorts of health and medical fields as well as patients' personal data, referred as medical data (filled out as medical record forms) by medical institutions. The kinds of health and medical data in medical records are prescribed by Articles on required medical data and the terms of recordkeeping in the Enforcement Decree of the Medical Service Act. As EMR, OCS, LIS, telemedicine and u-health emerges, sharing and protecting digital health and medical data is at issue in these days. At medical institutions, health and medical data, such as medical records, is classified as "sensitive information" and thus is protected strictly. However, due to the circulative property of information, health and medical data can be public as well as being private. The legal grounds of health and medical data as such are based on the right to informational self-determination, which is one of the fundamental rights derived from the Constitution. In there, patients' rights to refuse the collection of information, to control recordkeeping (to demand access, correction or deletion) and to control using and sharing of information are rooted. In any processing of health and medical data, such as generating, recording, storing, using or disposing, privacy can be violated in many ways, including the leakage, forgery, falsification or abuse of information. That is why laws, such as the Medical Service Act and the Personal Data Protection Law, and the Guideline for Protection of Personal Data at Medical Institutions (by the Ministry of Health and Welfare) provide for technical, physical, administrative and legal safeguards on those who handle personal data (health and medical information-processing personnel and medical institutions). The Personal Data Protection Law provides for the collection, use and sharing of personal data, and the regulation thereon, the disposal of information, the means of receiving consent, and the regulation of processing of personal data. On the contrary, health and medical data can be inspected or delivered of the copies, based on the principle of restriction on fundamental rights prescribed by the Constitution. For instance, Article 21(Access to Record) of the Medical Service Act, and the Personal Data Protection Law prescribe self-disclosure, the release of information by family members or by laws, the exchange of medical data due to patient transfer, the secondary use of medical data, such as medical research, and the release of information and the release of information required by the Personal Data Protection Law.