• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.133-148
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• 2021

This study aims to estimate the amount of air pollutants emitted from heavy industry facilities in North Korea. To compare the emission in 2017 from the heavy industry sector in North Korea with South Korea, the heavy industry sector was classified with the South Korean classification (Matching Heavy Industry sector) and air pollutant emissions by Matching Heavy Industry sector in North Korea were estimated. The CO, NO_x and SO_x emissions of Matching Heavy Industry sector in North Korea are 22%, 73%, and 31% of the emission in South Korea, respectively. The air pollutant emissions in the Matching Heavy Industry sector in North Korea for CO, NO_x and SO_x were 0.6%, 124%, and 24% of the total air pollutant emission in North Korea estimated from EDGAR, respectively. As for the distribution of emissions by administrative district of the Matching Heavy Industry sector in North Korea, NO_x was concentrated in the western part of North Korea, and CO and SO_x emissions were concentrated in Hamgyong-bukto.

• 대기
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2009

A strong negative correlation has been detected between the North Pacific Oscillation Index (NPI) and the Effective Drought Index (EDI) in May over Korea. In May of positive NPI year, anomalous patterns caused a drought in Korea as follows: the anomalous south-low, north-high low-level pressure patterns in the northeast and southeast of Korea have strengthened the anomalous northerlies to Korea. In addition, these anomalous northerlies have prevented western North Pacific (WNP) high from moving northward. As a result, anomalous descending flows have strengthened in the mid-latitude region in East Asia. In the WNP, the anomalous south-high, north-low sea surface temperature (SST) has been widely distributed, which has strengthened anomalous south-low, north-high low-level pressure patterns. These anomalous characteristics of pressure and SST patterns observed in May of positive NPI years have already been detected in previous winter (December-February) and early spring (March, April). In addition, the anomalous negative sea ice concentration in the North Pacific during two seasons has strengthened the anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the same region and in turn made a contribution to formation of anomalous south-low, north-high pressure patterns in May.

• 천문학논총
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

In order to encourage collaboration with North Korea in astronomy research field, we have studied the astronomical almanacs published in South and North Korea. The almanac contains fundamental astronomical data including not only daily calendar data but also unique characteristics selected by necessity in each country. We compared the South and North Korean astronomical almanacs in terms of contents, detailed descriptions, unique items, and so forth. We used the 2017 almanac for South Korea and 1993 almanac which is useful for this research for North Korea. We found that there were several differences between South and North Korean almanacs. The North Korean almanac is published for the astronomer or navigator, thus it has supplementary information about spherical astronomy such as precession of the north pole and position of celestial bodies. Whereas the South Korean almanac is published for the general public, and it distinctively contains luni-solar calendar, 24 solar terms, national holidays, etc. This study could be helpful for research cooperation between South and North Korea in astronomy.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.157-172
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• 2002

This work aims to collect a biogeographic informations on the biota, alpine ecosystem, nature reserves, forest ecosystem of North Korea, and also to accumulate a basic data on the current situation and problem of the natural ecosystem of North Korea for the preparation of future cooperation and exchange between South and North Koreas. The obtained findings are as follow. First, North Korean biota contains 18,013 species, and consists of 6,710 plant species, including 3,860 species of vascular plants. Secondly, urgent investigation on the biogeographically important arctic-alpine and alpine plants and ecosystem, those are known to be endangered due to environmental change and global warming, is required. Thirdly, the conservations of diverse nature in North Korea are conducted by the introduction of various systems, such as nature preservation region, reserves for plant, animal and sea bird, and natural monuments. Fourthly, out of 9.5 million hectares of forest, one million hectares have already faced forest denudation, thus caused lots of damages for forest ecosystem. Sharp decline of North Korean forest land are due mainly to the expansion of terraced dry-field farming and deforestation. Recovery of denudated forest land should be approached by both South and North Korean sides to solve the problem of shortage of foods and restoration of natural ecosystem of North Korea.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

This study focuses on red snow crabs for fisheries cooperation in South Korea, North Korea, and Japan. South Korea, North Korea, and Japan have had experience in promoting red snow crab fisheries cooperation. However, this cooperation is now discontinued. South Korea, North Korea, and Japan are required to play a role in mediating South Korea in order to promote red snow crabs fisheries cooperation. South Korea has the capacity to carry out economic intervention in North Korea and Japan. This is even more so in the red snow crabs. On the other, South Korea, North Korea and Japan's red snow crabs fisheries cooperation can develop into Northeast Asian fisheries cooperation including Russia and China. This can be done through the major fisheries of the East Sea, the squid and the alaska pollocks. The role of the Korean peninsula is important in Northeast Asian fisheries cooperation.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2022

This study has been conducted to investigate the North Korea water supply system. For this purpose, laws and regulations concerning the North Korea water utilities were analyzed. According to this study, the water supply system of North Korea is similar to that of South Korea. The major difference between these two systems lies in the national water supplier: South Korea has the national water supplier as well as the municipal suppliers, while there is no national water supplier in North Korea. It is noted that the North Korean water utilities depend on outside suppliers for resources necessary for water production such as electricity, chemicals, spare parts, etc. This could damage the North Korean water utilities. If required resources were not delivered properly (deficient quantity and/or at delayed timing), the water suppliers would encounter difficulties in water production.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.23-44
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• 2016

This study attempts to scrutinize the effectiveness of the international economic sanction on North Korea by analyzing the determinants of the North Korea-China trade with Chinese Customs House data classified under general, border, processing, bonded warehouse. The result shows that after international economic sanctions, North Korea-China trade was increased across types of trade. In particular, sanction-sensitive items were increased after sanctions and China also weakened the effectiveness of sanctions. To put it concretely, North Korea's food and fuel imports from china increased in processing and border trade. In the case of luxury good, it was increased in general trade. Strategy goods (weaponry) increased only in bonded warehouse trade. For China's import from North Korea, food and fuel were increased in total, border and bonded warehouse trade. Considering the features of each type of trade, these increase are presumed to have been playing a decisive role in weakening the effect of international sanction on North Korea.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.995-1001
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• 2014

When relations improve between North and South Korea, there will be demand for North Korean edible plants because of the low labor cost and similar environmental conditions. However, there is no reliable information about trace elements, metals, and metalloids in edible plants from North Korea. Selenium (Se) and germanium (Ge) have positive effects on basic human health and are therapeutical in diverse illnesses. Metal and metalloid (Cd, Pb) poisoning, on the other hand, can cause many health problems. Plants collected from North Korea had higher selenium content than those from South Korea. Although none of the collected species exceeded the permissible levels of cadmium and lead, their content in plants was significantly higher in North Korea than in South Korea. The high metal contents in plants collected from North Korea may be associated with the soil physicochemical properties as well as the accumulated amounts of elements in the soil.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2002

Neural network based models were developed and evaluated for predicting corn yield from aerial images based on 1998 and 1994 image data. The model used images in multi-spectral bands such as R, G, B, and IR (Red, Green, Blue and Infrared). The inputs to the neural network consisted of mean and standard deviation of multispectral bands of the aerial images. Performances of several neural network architectures using back-propagation with momentum were compared. The maximum yield prediction accuracy obtained was 97.81%. The BPNN model prediction accuracy could be enhanced by using more number of observations to the model, other data transformation techniques, or by performing optical calibration of the aerial image.

• 복식
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2006

The objectives of this study are to research into the traditional costume succession in south and north korea, and to compare similarity and difference of kinds, names, drawing of Jegory. Conclusions are described as follows: 1. In sort of Jegory, south and north korea have same kind of Jegory according to traditional form. But in making method, south korea have pursued various style from traditional type to modern type, north korea have maintained just simple and practical basic style. 2. South and north korea have used same or similar names for the basic part of Jegory. But north korea has made new names for constructional needs, so many differences were shown in the name of details. 3. In drawing of Jegory, north korea has hold traditional method and then tried to seek for rational, scientific technique. Also, due to the influence of south korea that advanced in modern aesthetic, drawing of Jegory in north korea were changed to similar.