• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-78
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• 1999

Although recently vigorous studies on environmental crime have contribute criminal respects to be advanced in our country, most of them are focused on German discussions about the theory of environmental crime or environmental criminal law. As each countries in criminal legislation for environmental protection have some distinctive characteristics not found in others, the study which is more helpful to regulate environmental crime can be extend to other country in the view of comparative law. Thus this Article overviews especially the environmental criminal enforcement program involving civil and administrative enforcement in the United States. Notwithstanding that enforcement is an evolving phenomenon that only recently appeared on the scene, there is widespread public support for it. Once viewed as mere economic or regulatory offence lacking an element of moral delict, environmental crimes now provoke moral outrage and prompt demands for severe sanction and strict enforcement. Many major provisions of modem environmental acts that imposed criminal liability have been added or significantly restructured during the last decade. Notable among them are the imposition of the felony penalties for federal environmental crimes and the enactment of the endangerment crime in federal environmental law. This Article approaches the characteristics of environmental criminal enforcement form introducing major federal environmental acts. It develops the result that, considering the difference that exist between Korea and United States in environmental criminal law, our proper environmental regulatory framework can be constituted.

• 법제연구
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• 제44호
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• pp.185-209
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• 2013

현재 패션디자인을 보호하는 디자인보호법과 저작권법은 패션디자인 보호를 위해서 적절한 방법을 제공하지 못하고 있다. 이에 대하여 상표권 보호에 대한 접근론이 제시되고 있는바, 상표권에 관한 최근 두 개의 사건, Levi 사건 및 Louboutin 사건은 패션 업계에서 상표권의 인정 및 적용에 있어 시사하는 바가 크다. 리바이스 v. 에버크롬비 소송에서 법원은 어떤 상표 표시가 선사용 상표와 현저히 다른 경우에도 상표가치희석이 발생한다고 판단했는바. 이는 기존의 유명상표 디자이너에게는 유리하게, 반대로 신진디자이너에게는 큰 걸림돌로 작용할 것이며, 궁극적으로 디자이너들의 창의성, 경쟁, 소비자 보호를 해하는 결과로 이어질 것이다. 반면, 최근 루부탱 v. 입생로랑의 상표권 침해 소송에서 패션 업계에서 상표권 인정에 관하여, 연방법상 상표등록이 다른 디자이너들의 창작활동을 부당하게 방해한다면서 그 유효성에 대한 문제를 제기하였다. 그리고 패션 산업에서 디자이너들간의 경쟁의 자유를 덜 침해하는 취지의 판결을 내렸는데 이는 패션 디자이너뿐만 아니라 소비자 모두에게 유리한 환경을 조성하는 기초가 될 것이다. 아울러, 미국의 디지털 밀레니엄 저작권법 (Digital Millennium Copyright Act : DMCA)이 인터넷에서 발생하는 저작권 침해에 대한 청구와 방어에 대하여 "고지와 삭제 (notice and takedown system : NTS)"을 통하여 제공하는 균일한 비송상 해결책을 제공하지만, 상표권 침해에 대해서 온라인 매개자가 침해의 고지에 대하여 특정단계를 따르도록 하고 동시에 피난처 (safe harbor)를 제공하자는 선진적인 제안도 온라인을 통하여 더욱 패션산업을 양적으로 확대시키고자 하는 우리나라의 입장에서도 발전적으로 도입할 여지가 있을 것이다.

• 법제연구
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• 제44호
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• pp.725-756
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• 2013

대상판결은 제1사문서행위와 관련된 사안에서 스캔하여 컴퓨터모니터 화면상의 이미지를 변경함으로써 금액란을 공난으로 만들어 프린트로 출력한 사무실전세계약서를 심판의 대상으로 보고 있다. 그러나 이 출력물은 금액란이 공난으로 되어 있고, 판례는 변조행위는 진정한 문서만을 대상으로 성립될 수 있다는 관점을 취하고 있으므로 이러한 판례에 따르면 이는 변조행위의 대상으로 평가될 수 없다. 따라서 대상판결의 심판대상에 대해 사문서변조죄가 반드시 성립된다고 할 수는 없다. 그러나 변조개념에 대한 고찰과 복사문서의 문서성, 그리고 문서죄의 보호법익과 법익보호의 정도를 고려하여 변조개념을 새롭게 이해함으로써 그 개념의 확장이 가능하다면 대상사안 행위에 대한 문서변조죄의 성립이 인정될 수도 있다. 또한 이러한 논의는 본 사안의 심판대상을 대상판결의 관점과 다르게 보는 것이 가능하다는 전제 하에서 가능하다. 심판대상의 변경에 의해 제1사문서변조행위를 일련의 연속된 행위(스캔-컴퓨터모니터 화면상의 이미지 변경-출력 후 수기 변경)로 이해하게 되면 이러한 행위는 원본문서를 복사하여 만들어진 복사문서를 그 변조의 대상으로 하여 문서변조행위를 하는 것과 질적으로 달리 평가되지 않는다. 따라서 제1사문서변조행위에 대한 문서변조행위의 성립을 인정할 수 있다. 물론 이것은 변조의 행위객체와 변조의 대상의 분리가 가능하다는 전제에서 가능하다. 그리고 이것은 복사문서의 문서성에 의할 때 불가능한 것이 아니다. 이러한 분리가능성에 의하게 되면 원본문서 자체에 어떠한 변경도 가하지 않는 변조개념의 상정이 가능하게 된다. 이러한 분리에 대한 논의가 필요한 것은 심판의 대상을 변경하더라도 대상판결이 전제한 심판대상에서와 마찬가지로 그 행위의 대상이 무엇인지 포착하는 것이 쉽지 않기 때문이다. 그러나 이러한 분리개념에 의하게 되면 컴퓨터모니터 화면상의 이미지를 변조행위의 대상으로 평가할 수 있다. 물론 이것은 문서죄의 행위객체는 문서라는 일반적인 견해와 컴퓨터모니터 화면상의 이미지는 문서죄의 문서가 아니라는 판례의 관점과 충돌하는 것으로 비춰질 수 있다. 그러나 전술한 바에 따른 변조개념의 확장에 의한다면 이러한 충돌은 존재하지 않는다. 즉 변경된 심판대상에서 변조행위의 객체는 원본문서이고 변조의 대상은 기술적인 방법에 의해 그것을 담을 수 있는 형식이 배제된 채 별도로 원본문서로부터 추출된 문서의 '내용'인 것으로 볼 수 있다면 대상사안의 행위는 문서변조행위로 평가될 수 있다. 대상판결은 제2사문서변조행위에 제1사문서변조행위의 경우와 달리 심판대상을 구체적으로 적시하고 있지 않다. 그러나 대상판결의 취지상 컴퓨터모니터 화면에서 그 내용을 변경한 출력물을 심판대상으로 보고 있는 것으로 이해된다. 그러나 이에 대해 사후적 변경행위가 없다는 점에서 이를 심판대상으로 볼 수는 없다. 따라서 이에 대해서도 제1사문서변조행위와 마찬가지로 심판대상의 변경을 고려하지 않을 수 없다. 이러한 심판대상의 변경에 의하면 이는 제1사문서변조행위의 경우와 그 행위구조에 있어서 달리 이해되지 않는다. 따라서 이에 대해서도 문서변조행위로 평가될 수 있다. 결론적으로 대상사안의 행위들은 변조개념의 확장이 가능하다는 전제하에서 문서변조행위로 평가될 수 있고, 이러한 변조개념의 확장에 의한다면 컴퓨터모니터 화면상의 이미지는 문서죄의 문서로 평가될 수 없으나 변조행위의 대상으로서 그 의미를 지닌다고 할 수 있을 것이다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.299-303
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• 2022

The article examines the stage of verification of a crime report from the standpoint of the need for its legislative regulation. Moreover, it investigates the international experience in this field. The existing procedural models are described in detail on the example of the neighboring and faraway countries. An analysis of the provisions of the current criminal procedure law of Russia and foreign experience allowed the authors to identify existing problems in the implementation of departmental control and prosecutorial supervision at the stage of verifying a crime report. The aim of the study is to develop theoretical provisions and recommendations regarding the implementation of departmental procedural control and prosecutorial supervision over the activities of the investigator during the verification of reports of crimes, based on the study of experience, both in Russia and in a number of countries of the near and far abroad, which could find their reflection in law enforcement practice, as well as aimed at improving the current criminal procedure legislation. The authors substantiated the theory that a detailed examination of the foreign procedural foundations of checking a crime report will allow us to form the most suitable model for checking a crime report for our state, taking into account all possible features and successfully implement it into the current criminal procedural law of the Russian Federation.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2000

This study suggests the methods of the assessment and creation of biotopes in small and medium sized cities, in Korea. For this purpose, Chonju city was selected to classify and asses the biotope types. Moreover, relevant legislations to conserve and enhance urban biotopes were examined. The results of this study are as follows: 1) There were two approaches to asses the potential of urban biotopes in medium-sized cities. One was the urban scale evaluation for urban green spaces and the other was the biotope scale evaluation for the classification and evaluation of biotopes. 2) The urban scale evaluation was developed through overlaping analysis of landuse and vegetation factors. This study also included the conception of watershed. In this conception, three watersheds in Chonju city were characterized. According to these characteristics, individual programs for conservation and enhancement of urban green space were suggested. 3) For the biotope scale evaluation, Selected site was inclusively mapped and field investigation actually was carried. There were total 9 types of bitopes. Especially landuse was appeared in various evaluation items were vegetation structure, area of green space, condition of vegetation and vegetation profile. Mt, Gonji and Dukjin park, Chonbuk national University and fields were evaluated highly I the potential. 4) The biotope programs were based on the results of assessment and physical characteristics of biotopes. The uniform and simple levels on vegetation must be modified with various levels of vegetation structure and vernacular plants. And the physical characteristics like Points, Corridors and Patches can be organized by the conception of biotope networking theory. 5) The proper legislative environment was the clue elements for the biotope programs. Until now, only five types of parks and two types of green space are defined and the minimum size of green space has been proposed by the law. So, it is necessary to enlarge the conception of green space in legislation and improve the quality of green space by amending the related regulations. This study has limitation because it was selected only in Chonju. Through the continuous studies, we need to apply this other small and medium sized cities, South Korea. Also the data collection and management of theme maps such as actual vegetation, landuse and a soil must be done preliminary.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제3호
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• pp.83-116
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• 2000

Many concerns have been raised for importance of disaster management after 1990's numerous urban disasters in Korea. When the primary function of government is to protect lives and property of citizens, disaster management should be included in the mainstream of public administration and many hazard countermeasures should be carried out for that purpose. The principal purpose of this research is to establish ways and means needed to improve the disaster management system in Korea. This paper is split into five chapters. Chapter I is the introduction part. Chapter II introduces the reader to a disaster management theory, and deals with various disaster management systems of foreign countries such as the U.S.A. and Japan, Chapter III describes and characterizes the Korea's current disaster management system. The Korean disaster management system has been reestablished through the enactment of the Disaster Management Act of 1995 and the full revision of Natural Hazards Management Act of 1995 after series of catastrophic man-made disasters since 1993. Chapter IV is devoted to the establishment of an effective disaster management system in Korea. In this chapter, I discusses measures needed to improve the quality of CDMB(Central Disaster Management Bureau)'s service to the people. I strongly reemphasize the effectiveness of a comprehensive risk-based, all-hazard national emergency management system that addresses preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. To that end the Administration should develop legislation, new policies, and organizational plans to invigorate the agency with a refocussed mission. Chapter V is a conclusion. As the demand for citizens'welfare has been continuously increased in the localization, the importance of disaster management is emerging subject in the public sector. The disaster management carries out complicated affairs and manages diverse objects, the cooperation/connection system of the central-local government and citizens, and non-governmental organization should be established.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2021

최근 우리나라는 정보통신기술의 발달 및 스마트폰 보급의 일반화로 인해 전통적인 매스미디어(신문, 라디오, 텔레비전)때와 달리 콘텐츠를 생산하고 소비하는 사람간의 경계가 사라지고 있으며, 개방형 서비스 플랫폼을 통해 개인마다 문제의식은 동일하지만 서비스유형이 다원화되면서 문제해결방법 또한 다양해지고 있다. 이처럼 뉴미디어 플랫폼 산업의 성장을 통한 부가가치 창출은 우리인간의 삶을 풍요롭게 만들어 줄 것으로 기대되고 있는 가운데, 이로인해 발생되는 사회적 부작용도 만만치 않을 것으로 예상되고 있다. 대표적인 예로 최근 정보격차로 인한 사회 계층간의 소통문제는 또 세대 간의 갈등으로 까지 이어지고 있으며, 이 같은 문제가 지속될 경우 국가·사회적 손실을 불러일으킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 정보격차 해결을 위한 정책적 노력 및 시너지 효과 극대화를 위한 멀티미디어 리터러시 교육 법제화 필요성을 심리적 모형을 통해 분석해보았다.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.60-73
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• 2013

The Database Industry Promotion Act was proposed at the National Assembly plenary session on July 26, 2012 and since then it has been in the process of enactment in consultation with all the governmental departments concerned. The recent trend of economic globalization and smart device innovation suggests a new opportunity and challenges for all industries. The database industry is also facing a new phase in an era of smart innovation. Korea is in a moment of opportunity to take an innovative approach to promoting the database industry. Korea should set up a national policy to promote the database industry for citizens, government, and research institutions, as well as enterprises. Above all, the Database Industry Promotion Act could play a great role in promoting the social infrastructure to enhance the capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises. This article discusses the background of the development of the Database Industry Promotion Act and its legislative processes in order to clarify its legal characteristics, including the meaning of the act. In addition, this article explains individual items related to the overall structure of the Database Industry Promotion Act. Finally, this article reviews the economic effects of the database industry for now and the future.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.30-44
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• 2022

The primary function of an electronic records management system (ERMS) is to support organisations in providing effective records management services by enabling efficient remote access to the organisations' records. This helps the organisation to continue running during emergency events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The need to study ERMS for accessing records remotely has increased dramatically, due to the increase in daily use. The situation arising from the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for implementing proper digital systems, such as ERMS, to enable efficient work processes and enhance business continuity. An ERMS has the potential to allow organisations to create records and workflows off-site. During a pandemic, the ability to structure processes digitally helps in maintaining operations remotely. This study aims to provide a narrative review of the ERMS literature with an emphasis on explaining the primary components of ERMS that act as enablers for the implementation of the system in the oil and gas sector of developing countries. The current study proposes ERMS roles and responsibilities that could enhance business continuity. The authors use a qualitative narrative review and analyse the literature related to this study and its findings. The results show that, in cases of risk or crises, staff members need to have easy access to their records and documents to remain productive. An ERMS allows professionals to remain active and work off-site. Thus, ERMS play a significant role in protecting an organisation's content through the monitoring and control over who has authorisation to access its records.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.485-501
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• 2023

Objectives: The Ministry of Employment and Labor has revised the articles regarding management of the thermal environment in the workplace. Currently, two types of regulations exist together with indoor workplaces as the scope of application. It appears that the time has come to discuss regulations. In this study, we aim to identify the feasibility of and problems with the current system through a comparative legal review of workplace thermal environment management laws from around the world. We suggest directions for improving South Korea's workplace thermal environment management laws. Methods: For the several selected countries, we analyzed the classification and content of obligations stipulated for the thermal environment, the presence or absence of specific measures for thermal environment management, legal status and content, and the scope of application of thermal environment provisions and measures. The investigated content was classified according to Zweigelt-Kotz's legal theory. Results: In some countries, employers' obligations for regulating the thermal environment are broadly divided into two types: results and actions. The scope of application of provisions and measures on the thermal environment was extensive, with most of the selected countries targeting general workplaces. Conclusions: In the case of South Korea, restricting and classifying target workplaces and imposing separate obligations to manage a workplace thermal environment goes against global practices, and stipulating legal orders and separate action obligations in guidelines does not conform to the characteristics of South Korea's legal system, meaning that improvement is needed.