• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1939-1949
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to identify differences or similarities across the ensembles of 2006 F/W fashion trends in the big fashion centers such as Paris, London, New York, and Seoul, by street fashion research. The study focuses on understanding of localized fashion trend in the marketplace. We used photograph observation and analyzed data by SPSS program. We found there is a significant difference in winter outfits at these different global fashion mega cities. Most Korean women were wearing light colored outer jackets and blue jeans were dominant style for pants. The majority of Paris/London, New York and Seoul people on the street were wearing wool/wool like coat. Padded coats were worn more by New Yorkers than by people in Seoul. For the bottom, there is a similarity between Paris/London, and New York City, in that skinny pants were popular. Koreans were wearing skinny pants mostly, but the percentage of mini skirts/shorts was also higher than any other cities. We found that the cross-cultural fashion mega trend is similar in clusters, but there is a slight difference of trend in clothing color, style and design details, and accessories by localized fashion cities. Not only direct observation but also identification of cultural characteristics and consumer behavior through the years will bring much more contributions to apparel industries.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.329-344
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• 2016

In this paper, a methodology to simulate the whole-building behaviour of the tall building under fire is developed by the author using a 3-D nonlinear finite element method. The mechanical and thermal material nonlinearities of the structural members, such as the structural steel members, concrete slabs and reinforcing bars were included in the model. In order to closely simulate the real condition under the conventional fire incident, in the simulation, the fire temperature was applied on level 9, 10 and 11. Then, a numerical investigation on the whole-building response of the building in fire was made. The temperature distribution of the floor slabs, steel beams and columns were predicted. In addition, the behaviours of the structural members under fire such as beam force, column force and deflections were also investigated.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2011

This paper considers an integrated inventory-distribution system with a fleet of heterogeneous vehicles employed where a single warehouse distributes a single type of products to many spatially distributed retailers to satisfy their dynamic demands. The problem is to determine order planning at the warehouse, and also vehicle schedules and delivery quantities for the retailers with the objective of minimizing the sum of ordering cost at the warehouse, inventory holding cost at both the warehouse and retailers, and transportation cost. For the problem, we give a Mixed Integer Programming formulation and develop a Lagrangean heuristic procedure for computing lower and upper bounds on the optimal solution value. The Lagrangean dual problem of finding the best Lagrangrean lower bound is solved by subgradient optimization. Computational experiments on randomly generated test problems showed that the suggested algorithm gives relatively good solutions in a reasonable amount of computation time.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.96-100
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• 2023

The microsurgical anastomosis is integral to the success of autologous-free tissue transfer. Successful performance of this procedure relies strongly on operator dexterity, which can be made more challenging when blood and edematous fluids obscure the field of view. Workflow is impeded by intermittent irrigation and suctioning, necessitating presence of an assistant, with risk of arterial thrombosis, from vessels being drawn into suction drains. To negate these current disadvantages and minimize the barrier of entry to microvascular operations, we designed, manufactured, and patented a novel three-dimensional printed microsurgical background device with microfluidic capabilities that allow continuous suction and irrigation as well as provide platforms that enable multiangle retraction to facilitate operator autonomy. This was validated in an ex vivo model, with the device found to be superior to the current standard. We believe that this will have major applicability to the improvement of microsurgeon

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.86-97
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• 2016

There is both a commercial and social imperative for innovation-led economic development. The data on inventions shows the importance of cities in the role of creating this important foundation to innovation. The importance of new venture firms in the innovation process of taking inventions to market is widely recognised, and with this recognition the science parks and science cities are working to understand and replicate the social, business and technology environments which are most fertile for these companies. This paper reviews how those with an interest in this process have addressed this challenge with new business practices and planning activities. It draws particularly on the experiences of Tech City in London and the Surrey Research Park

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.597-615
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• 2016

Since 1997 the United Kingdom has pursued creative industry and creative city development in accordance with the New Labor Party policy, strengthening its cluster policy by assigning creative city policies to traditional manufacturing-oriented regions. Tech City in London, one of the most successful examples of digital clusters, is an area in which diverse ecosystems for venture business integration have been established, as the once barren space began to spontaneously develop. For this region, systematic linkages including universities, private companies, start-ups, and accelerators have been added, along with the UK government's active support system. As a result of this opportunity, the scale of the UK start-up ecosystem has significantly grown, the number of local companies has surged, and brand effect has greatly improved. Tech City is an example of a well-balanced combination of public effort and private governance, based on the region's historical background and its potential for growth. It is an effective coordination of public policy and private active investment, services, research, and education. The market platform for institutional technology and commercialization, and aggressive investment shares in the risk, have lead to its growth as a start-up and an innovative city. Britain's efforts to expand the nationwide cluster for the future-oriented digital economy is most noteworthy.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.41-43
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• 2015

Urban Informatics, the application of data science methodologies to the urban development and planning domain, has been increasingly adopted to improve the management and efficiency of cities. This paper introduces state of the art use cases in major cities including New York, London, Seoul and Amsterdam. It also introduces recent advances in using Big Data by multi-lateral institutions for poverty reduction, and startups utilizing open data initiatives to create new value and insights. Preliminary research performed on using Seoul's open data such as building permit data and health code violations are also introduced to demonstrate opportunities in this relatively new but promising area of research.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.141-152
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• 2003

The ski jump in Innsbruck known for the famous annual New Year "Four-ski-jump-tournament" has been fully renewed. The original jumping tower (built for the 1976 Olympic winter games) was fully pulled down and a new landmark similar to a lighthouse has been erected located on a small hill at the border of the city. Zaha Hadid(London) won the international architectural competition for this significant building. The constructional realisation has been ordered from Aste Konstruktion and has been finally honoured with the Austrian state award for consulting 2002. After a very strict timetable the building was already handed restaurant at the top.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-153
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• 1999

Since 1980's there have been two trends that obviously developed in the would -- economics globalization and urban internationalization. China, with is reform and opening-up policy and rapid economic growth, keeps pace with these two trends. The term "International City" has no putative standard or definition. If we make an analogue of urban functional hierarchy in the world with a pyramid, the International Citiesa are the few elites on its top. The highest level international cities can be called "World City" or "Global City". In today's new international division of labor, they are diversified leading cities with control capacity on a world scale, like New York, London, and Tokyo. The secondary international cities are either diversified cities with influence and regulative functions on multinational scale or specialized cities on politics, economics, culture, or other aspects with worldwide impact. Judged by different criteria, there is no city that is qualified as International City with the exception of Hong Kong, which was returned to the P.R. of China in 1997. Nevertheless, Some favorable conditions for the development of the international city still exist in China. This country is already the sixth largest economic entity in the world, and the second largest economic entity in the world, and the second largest one if GNP estimated by ppp. Furthermore its import and export value make up for 40% of its GNP, indicating that China is repidly merging into global economy. In this 1, 2 billion-population country, the difference of economic levels between urban and rural, coastal and inland regions is so big that a few metropolises in the coastal region have the possibilities and potentials to develop into international cities regardless of rather low GNP per capita of the whole country. This article will focus on analysis from several perspectives, such as the proportion of foreign trade values in GDP, the proportion of imports and exports by foreign funded enterprises in total foreign trade value; distribution of the 500 largest foreign-funded enterprises; distribution of the 500 enterprises with largest import and export values; distrigbution of foreign computer and telecom companies with offices in China; the number of outward flights per week and the international tourists; the value of foreign capital used in cities and so on. From this analysis, it is predicted that Chinese international cities will surely emergy from the eastern coastal regions and they must be the core cities of metropolitan interlocking regions that have been formed or in the process of forming. Those international cities will arise from south to north in turn : Hong Kong-Guangzhu, Shanghai, Beijing-Tianjin, and perhaps the last one is Dalian-Shenyang. The other side of this issue is that there is a long way for the coming international cities in China except Hong Kong. At least China and these core cities must continually devote to (1) improve the regional composition of foreign capital sources. (2) improve the composition of export commodities. (3) improve the investment environment (including hard and soft environment) to attract more transnational corporations to settle. (4) deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and establish Chinese own transnational corporations to enter the world market.ons to enter the world market.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.33-53
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• 2017

The UK Government's approach to how to deliver regeneration in its towns and cities has changed considerably in recent years. Traditionally, urban regeneration policy focused on reversing physical, economic and social decline in an area where market forces would not do this without intervention. Since 2010 urban regeneration has become a vital part of the Government's approach to increasing local growth and competitiveness and building a strong and balanced economy. The current emphasis is on a place-based approach to regeneration that builds on the particular strengths of different places to drive growth and addresses the factors that hold them back. This paper outlines the key features of current UK urban regeneration policy and how interventions to support regeneration and growth are being pursued at different spatial scales to ensure all parts of the country benefit. They include pan regional initiatives like the Northern Powerhouse and Midlands Way, to groups of local authorities operating at a sub regional level (combined authorities/city regions), Local Enterprise Partnerships, and a variety of smaller scale programmes delivering regeneration in areas of economic and social decline. The paper explains some of the policy instruments and funding programmes available to support regeneration, and provides case studies of some major urban regeneration projects that illustrate the new approach including housing and infrastructure improvements like the planned High Speed Rail 2 line. These are supporting regeneration through the creation of strategic partnerships involving government, places and investors. The paper concludes with some lessons from past and future regeneration schemes to improve their effectiveness and impact on places and enhance local growth potential.