• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.241-247
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 동영상으로부터 기존의 화소 단위의 변화 영역 검출 방법에 비해 빠른 변화 영역 검출 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 블록 및 화소 단위의 변화 영역 검출을 결합함으로써 변화 영역 검출의 속도 및 변화 검출 마스크의 화질을 개선한다. 제안된 방법은 16 ${\times}$ 16 크기의 블록 단위 변화 영역 검출의 결과로 생성된 초기 변화 검출 마스크의 경계 블록 내의 4개의 부 블록들에 대하여 블록 단위의 변화 영역을 검출한다. 그리고 나서, 변화 검출 마스크의 8 ${\times}$ 8 경계 블록에 대하여 화소 단위의 변화 영역 검출을 수행한다. 제안된 방법에서 사용된 블록 단위의 변화 영역 검출은 변화 영역 검출의 속도를 개선할 뿐만 아니라, 잡음에 의한 영향을 최소화하는 이점이 있다. 이와 함께, 8 ${\times}$ 8 경계 블록에 대해 화소 단위의 변화 영역 검출을 수행함으로써 변화 검출 마스크의 화질 또한 향상시키는 이점이 있다. 실험 결과, 제안된 방법이 기존의 방법에 비해 9:1 정도의 속도 개선과 화질에서의 향상을 가져옴을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2002

The rapidly changing environments of today's hospitality industry lays more and more emphasis on the management of food & beverage sector. Hotel restaurants changes their menus 2 times a year. But they tend to modify or complement old items, or imitate other restaurants'menus, rather than try new ones. In addition, the change cycles are determined without any systematic and scientific criteria. Based on the survey, a plan for managing menu change cycles is proposed. The proposed plan is summarized as follows: First, the survey result demonstrates that the appropriate frequency of menu changes is: twice a year for the fixed menu; four times for the seasonal menu; four times for the promotion menu; twice for the business menu; and, three times for the event menu. Second, under the management maintained by consistent monitoring of menu change. Third, menu change should be managed through the menu analyses on its profitability, popularity, and the potential for further growth. Fourth, menu change should be managed through the periodic investigations of the tastes and preferences of the customers. fifth, a unique system for the menu change should be constructed by analyzing of other competitive restaurants or restaurant chain stores.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -2
• /
• pp.645-648
• /
• 2000

A workflow is a flow of work carried out by multiple people. In order to increase efficiency, it is re-quired to change the current workflow dynamically. Till now, three types of dynamic changes: flush, abort, and synthetic cut-over (SCO) , have been proposed. How- ever, the performance evaluations for dynamic workflow changes have not been undertaken. To do so, measuring the amount of time cost making a single change (called change time) and comparing the methods for obtaining such times become ever important. In this paper, we first define change time and then propose a computation method individually for each change type. Finally, we evaluate the performance of an example net change by computing the change times.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.3147-3152
• /
• 1973

The factors to influence the travelling distance of sprayed particles for the medium range nozzle may by the groove depth of swirl plate, the cap slope, the diameter of cap hole, and pressure. 1. This study was conducted to examine Interaction effects among four factors to the travelling distance. The results of this study are summarized as followa; a) Interaction effects among four factors the groove depth(G), cap slope(C), diameter of cap hole(D), and pressure (P), were significant to influence the travelling distance except for $G{\times}P,\;C{\times}D{\times}P\;and\;G{\times}C{\times}D{\times}P$. b) Interaction effects with the pressure were very smaller than interaction effects among the other factors. c) Effect of change of the groove depth of swirl plate on the travelling distance of sprayed particles was generally a linear, the increasing rate of the change was about 0.345, which was very significant. d) Effect of change of cap slope on the travelling distance was generally a linear or a dull quadratic, the increasing rate was very small. e) Main effect of change of cap slope in the medium range nozzle was very smaller than that of the close range nozzle on the travelling distance, which was estimated by the changing of turning radius of flowing course in nozzle. f) Interaction effect between two factors in the medium range nozzle was more significant than that of the close range nozzle on the travelling distance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권8호
• /
• pp.1190-1195
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to improve efficiency of a follicle culture system without reducing developmental competence of intrafollicular oocytes. Preantral follicles (100 to $125{\mu}m$ in diameter) of F1 hybrid (B6CBAF1) mice were cultured singly for 216 h in modified ${\alpha}$-MEM-glutamax medium, to which 2.5 IU/ml hCG and epidermal growth factor was added 16 h prior to the end of culture. Medium change was either performed three times (54 h interval), twice (72 h interval), once (108 h interval), or not at all (216 h interval). Maturation (progression to the metaphase II stage) of intrafollicular oocytes was detected from 4 days after culture in the three-times change treatment, while all treatments yielded mature oocytes from day 5 of culture. Compared with the three-times change, decreasing the change frequency to once did not reduce the capacity to begin maturation (germinal vesicle breakdown of 82 to 86%), to mature (78 to 79%) and to develop into blastocysts after parthenogenetic activation (29 to 32%). Morphological parameters were similar among these treatments. Except for the no medium change treatment, similar colony-forming activity of inner cell mass cells after culturing of blastocysts in leukemia inhibitory factor-containing medium was detected, while the morphology of the colony-forming cells deteriorated in the change-once treatment compared with the change twice or three-times. In conclusion, the efficiency of the preantral follicle culture system could be improved by reducing frequency of medium change up to a 72 h interval (three times in total 216 h culture) without decreasing developmental competence of oocytes.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.262-269
• /
• 2016

The purposes of this study are to calculate the green and dried weight using wood discs, to figure out weight change on air drying times, and to develop the model of wood disc weight change for Larix kaempferi, Pinus koraiensis, and Pinus densiflora. The variables affecting the weight change were investigated, and the pattern of weight change over time was figured out through linear models. When comparing the stem green weight calculated using wood discs in this study with the weight table of Korea Forest Service, the weight was not significantly different for L. kaempferi and P. koraiensis. On the other hand, in comparison of stem dried weight, the weight was significantly different in all of three species. In addition, various measurement factors were examined to figure out the relationship with weight change, and air drying times and disc diameter were found as significant independent variables. Finally, two linear models were developed to estimate air drying times of three species, fit statistics were significant for practical use.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.779-790
• /
• 2006

This study examines relative contributions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the formation of hydroxyl (OH) and peroxy radicals such as $HO_2$ and $RO_2$ during the intensive sampling period (Jun. $1{\sim}30$, 2004) in the air of Seoul metropolitan area. As to the contribution of VOCs to $HO_x$ levels, the impact of individual VOC concentration change on $HO_2$ concentration change was more than an order of magnitude higher than that on OH concentration change during the study period. The contribution of change in isoprene concentration to $HO_2$ concentration change was 38 times higher than OH and that in the concentration of alkene compounds to $HO_2$ concentration change was 31 times higher than OH. Moreover, the concentration changes of isoprene and aromatic compounds (AROM) played significant roles in $HO_x$ concentration changes. On the other hands, aldehydes (ALD2) and alkanes (ALKA) showed anti-correlation (negative) in $HO_x$ concentration changes with low contribution ($-4{\times}10^{-3}$ pptv/ppbv (OH) and $-58{\times}10^{-3}$ ($HO_2$) for ALD2; $-1{\times}10^{-3}$ (OH) and $-15{\times}10^{-3}$ ($HO_2$) for ALKA). Unlike other VOCs, $C_2H_6$ and $C_3H_8$ showed positive or negative contribution to peroxy radicals, depending on ambient air conditions. The contribution of VOC concentration changes to changes in $CH_3O_2$ and $RO_2$ concentration showed similar pattern to $HO_x$ contribution.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.329-334
• /
• 2007

By the works of Levine [2] and Rolfsen [5], [6], it is known that a local move called a crossing-change is strongly related to the Alexander invariant. In this note, we will consider to what degree the relationship is strong. Let K be a knot, and $K^{\times}$ the set of knots obtained from a knot K by a single crossing-change. Let MK be the Alexander invariant of a knot K, and MK the set of the Alexander invariants $\{MK\}_{K{\in}\mathcal{K}}$ for a set of knots $\mathcal{K}$. Our main result is the following: If both $K_1$ and $K_2$ are knots with unknotting number one, then $MK_1=MK_2$ implies $MK_1^{\times}=MK_2^{\times}$. On the other hand, there exists a pair of knots $K_1$ and $K_2$ such that $MK_1=MK_2$ and $MK_1^{\times}{\neq}MK_2^{\times}$. In other words, the Gordian complex is not homogeneous with respect to Alexander invariants.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 2004

이 논문에서 우리는 대기 대순환 모형을 사용하여 지구 온난화에 따를 육지 대기로의 물 수송 변화를 평가했다. 해양으로부터 육지로의 물 수송 변화량은 지구온난화에 따라 거의 연중 증가한다. 유라시아대륙의 물 수송량은 연중 170∼350${\times}$106 Mt/day 수준의 증가를 보인다. 아프리카로의 수송은 11월을 제외한 모든 달에 감소를 보이고 특히 8월과 9월에 -350${\times}$106 Mt/day의 최대 감소를 나타낸다. 유라시아와 아프리카를 제외한 다른 대륙들에의 수송은 $\pm$80${\times}$106 Mt/day 미만의 증가와 감소를 달에 따라 다르게, 그리고 불규칙하게 보인다. 지구온난화로 유라시아 대륙에로의 물 수송이 전체적으로 증가하지만, 이 대륙 안에 위치한 사막지역의 물 수송은 감소한다. 그러므로, 사막을 제외한 부분, 특히 몬순 지역에 증가 분이 집중될 것이고, 이러한 동아시아 몬순강화의 결과로 몬순지역에 상당한 가용수의 증가가 기대된다.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2001

The failure rate functions between successive failures are of concatenated form. We allow the parameters of failure rate function change after a certain failure and its fixing. We confine out attention to a model wherein the interfailure times are described by its failure rate function. We suggest an adaptive failure rate function with a change-point under the assumption that interfailure times are record value statistics from a Weibull distribution. The proposed model will be applied through a practical example of software failure data.