• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.354-360
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• 2019

The plastic strain ratio is one of the factors that affect the deep drawability of metal sheets. The plastic strain ratio of fully annealed Cu sheet is low because its texture has {001}<100>. In order to improve the deep drawability of Cu sheet, it is necessary to increase the plastic strain ratio of Cu sheet. This study investigate the increase of plastic strain ratio of a Cu sheet after the first asymmetry rolling and annealing, and the second asymmetry rolling and annealing in air and Ar gas conditions. The average plastic strain ratio (R_m) was 0.951 and |ΔR| value was 1.27 in the initial Cu sheet. After the second 30.1% asymmetric rolling and annealing of Cu sheet at 1000℃ in air condition, the average plastic strain ratio (R_m) was 1.03 times higher. However, |ΔR| was 0.12 times lower than that of the initial specimen. After the second 18.8% asymmetric rolling and annealing of Cu sheet at 630℃ in Ar gas condition, the average plastic strain ratio (R_m) was 1.68 times higher and |ΔR| was 0.82 times lower than that of the initial specimen. These results are attributed to the change of the texture of Cu sheet due to the different annealing conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.269-269
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• 2017

Germination is one of the techniques used to enhance the texture properties and nutritional value of the brown rice (BR). Therefore, germinated BR (GBR) has received significant attention during the last decade. Physicochemical and cooking properties of brown rice were examined before and after germination. Germination raised the cooking properties, such as water absorption, expanded volume and soluble solid of cooked BR (brown rice). The texture, measured using tensipresser, was significantly improved by germination. The hardness of cooked BR was decreased by germination, but the GBR was sticker. In RVA, all viscosity value (peak viscosity, break down, set back, and final viscosity) of germinated rice flour was also reduced while gelatinization temperature did not change. Amylose content and amylopectin chain length distribution of BR starch were slightly changed by germination. Overall results revealed that germination was an effective tool to improve texture and cooking properties of BR.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.369-372
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• 2005

A study on the microstructure, the texture and the formability of the samples after ECAPed and subsequent heat-treated AA 1050 aluminum alloy sheet have been carried out. The specimens after the ECAP showed a very fine grain size, a decrease of <100> // ND. The <110>// ND textures appears in the specimens after the ECAP and subsequent heat-treatment at $400^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. One of the most important properties in sheet metals is formability. The r-value or plastic strain ratio has was as a parameter that expressed the formability of sheet metals. The change of the plastic Strain ratios after the ECAP and subsequent heat-treatment conditions were investigated and it was found that they were two times higher than those of the initial Al sheets. This could be attributed to the formation above texture components through the ECAP and subsequent heat-treatment of AA 1050 Aluminum alloy sheet.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.152-167
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• 2005

This study aims to aid hair fashion design for using hair style change by knowing the hair fashion images' characteristics. To accomplish this purpose, posed a questions to capital area university women students from June 3. 2005. to June 23. 2005. The hair fashion images' characteristics are; (1) avant-garde - unique style of every categories, (2) ethnic - korean style of center part, no volume, down chignon, inactivated texture, (3) romantic pretty - girl like cute style of long, wide wave, wide braid, center part or bang, activated texture, using pin or ribon, (4) elegance - graceful style of down point up style having wave, volume and activated texture, (5) sexy - sexual attractive style of long & wide wave or straight with high volume, activated texture(wet feeling hair styles also possible), (6) sophisticate - refined urban style of inactivated textured graduation and layered straight hair, (7) natural - inartificial style of no volume, inactivated long straight and binding hair, (8) sporty - activated style of activated and inactivated textured short hair.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.281-286
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• 2019

The plastic strain ratio is one of the factors of the deep drawability of metal sheets. The plastic strain ratio of Al sheet is low value. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the plastic strain ratio in order to improve the deep draw ability of the Al sheet. This study investigated the increase of the plastic strain ratio and the texture change of AA3003 sheet after the hot asymmetric rolling. The average plastic strain ratio of the initial AA3003 sheets was 0.69. After 83% hot asymmetric rolling at $200^{\circ}C$, the average plastic strain ratio was 0.83. The average plastic strain ratio of the 83% hot asymmetrically rolled AA3003 sheet at $200^{\circ}C$ is 1.2 times higher than that of the initial AA3003 sheet. The ${\mid}{\Delta}R{\mid}$ of 83% hot asymmetrically rolled AA3003 sheet at $200^{\circ}C$ is 0.83 times lower than that of the initial AA3003 sheet. This result is due to the development of the intensity of ${\gamma}-fiber$ texture and reduces the intensity of {001}<110> and {001}<100> textures after hot asymmetric rolling of AA3003 sheet.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 1998

Stainless is widely used for various purposes due to its good corrosion resistance. There has been much research to produce the color stainless steel by several methods. In this experiment, TixN films have been deposited on the SUS304 substrate by the DC magnetron sputtering system and the color and texture of the films as a function of coating conditions has been studies. The TixN films showed a (111) preferred orintation in bias-free conditions. The texture of coated later was changed from (111) to (200) to (2200 with a change of the bias from -1000V to -3000V. When the bias is low, coated elements have low energy. Therefore, the texturct (111) of low surface energy. The mobility of atoms was increased with the increase of the blas and texture was changed to the other plane. Non-etched specimens all exhibited strong (111) texture. This result shows that (111) is a loose plane and of non-etched specimens all exhibited. High growing velocity of (111) of especially was main texture of Non-etched specimens. Low working pressure($4\times10^{-3}$torr) was more effective than figh working pressure ($6\times10^{-3}$torr) for the gold color of $Ti_xN$ film. L and b were increased and a was decreased with the increase of bias voltage. Accordingly, We obtained the near gold color of $Ti_xN$ film(L;92, a;1~1.5 b:24~29.50. As a result of reflectance. And as the bias increased, the reflectance was proportional to the increasing bias voltage, but we took the top reflectance when the bias voltage was -200V.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.256-262
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• 2019

The microstructural features and texture development by both hot rolling and hot forging in ${\gamma}-TiAl$ alloy were investigated. In addition, additional heat treatment after hot forging was conducted to recognize change of the microstructure and texture evolution. The obtained microstructural features through dynamic recrystallization after hot deformed ${\gamma}-TiAl$ were quite different because two kinds of formation process were occurred depending on deformation condition. However, analyzed texture tends to be random orientation due to intermediate annealing up to ${\alpha}+{\beta}$ region during the hot deformation process. After additional heat treatment, microstructure transformed into fully lamellar microstructure and randomly oriented texture was also observed due to the same reason as before. Tensile test at room temperature demonstrated that anisotropy of mechanical properties were not appeared and transgranular fracture was occurred between interface of ${\alpha}_2/{\gamma}$. As a result, it could be suggested that microstructural features influenced much more than texture development on mechanical properties at room temperature.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.101-112
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• 2015

This study was conducted to predict greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from a radish field by future climate change scenario. A radish field located at Chuncheon-si Gangwon-do was selected, and A1B Special Report on Emission Scenario (SRES) of the IPCC (Intergovernmental panel on climate change) was applied to simulate the future potential climate change. Rainfall and temperature data were predicted to be increased by 8.4 % and 1.9 % in 2040s, 35.9 % and 27.0 % in 2060s, 19.2 % and 30.8 % in 2090s, respectively, compared to the climate data in 2010s. The $N_2O$, $CO_2$, and $CH_4$ emission were estimated to be increased by 0.4 up to 2.4 kg/ha/yr, by 500.5 up to 734.5 kg/ha/year, and by 29.4 up to 160.4 kg/ha/yr, which were resulted from the global warming potential (GWP) of 14.5~21.7 $CO_2$/ha/year caused by the amount changes of rainfall, temperature, manure amendment, and fertilizer applied in fields. One distinct feature of the study result was that the changes of $N_2O-N$, $CH_4-C$ and $CO_2-C$ with future potential climate change simulation were varied by soil texture. Therefore it was concluded that there is a need to apply appropriate amount of manure amendment needs and to consider soil texture as well.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.6_1
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• pp.1599-1610
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• 2021

The natural environment and local ecosystem change depending on various factors, but among them, the change in water temperature is one of the major factors affecting the surrounding environment in the river ecosystem. However, research on water temperature change have not been actively conducted to date compared to the effect of water temperature on the river environment. Therefore, this study intends to study the change in water temperature from 2015 to 2021 through the change in the area of winter ice in the Hongcheon River. Optical satellite images were classified by referring to the field survey results, and the SAR satellite imagestried to overcome the limitations of the input data by using the GLCM texture analysis method. After verifying the accuracy of all images used, the calculated monthly average ice area was compared with the temperature data of the adjacent AWS. It was found that there is a correlation between water temperature and ice area, and the results of this study can be used to study environmental changes in small-scale rivers that are difficult to access or do not have systems in place.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 1994

Effects of cooling rate, cold reduction %, continuous annealing treatments on the recrystallization texture structure of the A1 killed extra low carbon steel sheet contaning Ti, Nb, and B were investigated. The texture coefficient ratio TC (222)/TC (200) tends to increase with decreasing the cooling rate of the coling process and increasing cold reduction %. However, the texture coefficient ratio tends to decrease as the cold reduction % increases from 80% to 90%, which may be due to the change of the primary texture structure from {554} (225) to {ill] (1 1%). The optimum fabrication procedures for the steel sheet with a maximum texture coefficient ratio may be : furnance cooling after the coiling treatment, 80% cold reduction and the continuous annealing treatment of holding at 80O0C for 1 min., water quenching and then holding at $450^{\circ}C$ for 5min.